2009-2010学年度 高二英语讲学案 主备人： 吴艳琴
M5 U3 Grammar and usage
Teaching objects:
Step I Introduction
总结：Verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as(充当) , and .
Step II the usage of verb-ed form
The functions of verb-ed form
1. attribute(定语)
We should drink boiled water. = We should drink water which has been boiled.
They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.
= .
总结：过去分词可用于名词 ，用来修饰该名词，功能上相当于 。此时可以改成 从句。
The name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.
= The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.
The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.
=
Scientific experiments carried out by students without the teacher’s instructions can be dangerous.
=
总结：过去分词短语可用于名词 ，用来修饰该名词，可以改成定语从句。
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.
= The books, which were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.
=
总结： 过去分词可以用逗号与名词隔开，充当 .
2)大多数的过去分词表示被动意义。但也有一些过去分词用来表示动作完成。如：escaped, retired 和 fallen.
指出下列短语是表示被动（passive）还是过去（past）
the escaped criminal 逃犯 the developed countries 发达国家
a widely used language the retired scientist
the highly praised scientist fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起的太阳 the exploited classes 被剥削阶级
3) 一个所谓的教授 自制的比萨饼
广泛接受的想法 极受尊重的教授
报酬颇丰的工作 不发达地区
手工制作的家具
总结： 和 可以放在过去分词前，构成复合词。
2. predicative (表语)
1) Edison became interested in science when he was very young.
2) The little boy was very excited when he heard that he could go to the party.
总结：过去分词用在系动词后，充当表语。这类动词有 。
3. Object complement (宾语补足语)
1) As he knows little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood.
2) I had my hair cut yesterday.
3) She found the door locked.
总结：过去分词用在宾语后，充当宾语补足语。这类动词有 .
4. 过去分词用于stand，sit，lie后，表示这两个动作同时发生。
The girl lay in bed lost in thought.= The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.
The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.
=
Step III The usage of verb-ed phrases新课标第一网
1. 1) She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.
2) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured in the car accident.
总结：过去分词短语可单独使用，也可在后面加上 和 。
2.
= Because she was frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.
总结：过去分词短语通常表示 、 、 。
3. Understood subject(逻辑主语)
1) The scientist has copied a human cell, assisted by recent advances in medical science.
2) Shocked by the article, the woman wrote a letter to the newspaper.
3) Treated with electricity, the cell tissue will split into several parts.
4． verb－ed形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. (trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers)
The valuable vase was found stolen. (stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase)
We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in. (turned up side down的逻辑主语是句子的宾语house)
Step IV 现在分词和过去分词充当形容词的区别www.xkb1.com
Read the instructions on the book and finish the following exercises to choose the correct words from the brackets.
语法专练
I. 单项选择
1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen
2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____.
A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix
3. We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice. It’s ___ to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.
A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy
5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared
6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings.
A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design
7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.
A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved
8. The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students.
A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed
9. With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket.
A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost
10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____.
A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear
11. The result of the test was rather _____.
A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint
12. I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English.
A. use B. used C. using D. being used
13. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known
14. Deeply __, I thanked her again and again.
A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved
15. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
16. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown
17. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered
18. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions.
A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed
19. The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces
20. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live B. to live C. lived D. living
21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.
A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood
22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.
A. settle B. settled C. to settle D. settling
23. The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam.
A. busily prepared B. busy preparing C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing
24. The ground is _____with ____ leaves.
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
25. Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten.
A. to learn B. learn C. learned D. learning
26. The wallet ____several days ago was found ____in the dustbin outside the building。
A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding
27. A person _____a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, ______all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting
28. ___different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.
A. To produce B. Being produced C. Produced D. Having produced
29. The students in the university are all taking courses ___a degree.
A. coming to B. going to C. leading to D. turning to
30. Many things _____impossible in the past are very common today.
A. consider B. considering C. considered D. be considered
31. ___many times, he still couldn’t understand.
A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. Telling
32. The old sick lady entered the hospital, ____her two sons.
A. to support B. supporting C. supported by D. having supported
33. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _____9. 6 million square kilometres.
A. to cover B. covered C. covers D. covering
34. ____and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
35. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
36. “Can you read?” Mary said ____to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
37. _____ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room.
A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written
38. Were you ____when you saw that wild animal ?
A. fright B. frightening C. frightened D. frighten
39. Properly _____with numbers, the books can be easily found.
A. marked B. mark C. to mark D. marking
II. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空
1. She caught the student _______ (cheat) in exams.
2. When I got there, I found him _________ (repair) farm tools.
3. When I got there, I found the farm tools _______. (repair)
4. Just then he heard someone _______ (call) for help.
5. He worked so hard that he got his pay ______. (raise)
6. The missing boys were last seen _______(play) near the river.
7. ___________(compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful.
8. The workers had the machines _______(run) all night long to finish the work on time.
9. People in the south have their houses ______(make) of bamboo.
10. _______(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.