2020届高考英语二轮复习任务型阅读(七选五)解题技巧及典例剖析

2020届高考英语二轮复习任务型阅读（七选五）解题技巧及典例剖析

【考点清单】

1. 主旨句

主 题 句

典例1(2016·全国Ⅱ）

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料）.38.However,there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to gar-den. One of them comes from our earliest years. ·Recall(回忆）your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable gar-den...

A. Know why you garden

B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It's our experience of the garden that matters D. It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

段落主题句 根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词、近义词或同根词，推断主题句 段落 标题 阅读整段内容，提炼主题思想，阅读选项寻找体现主题思想的原词、同义词、近义词或同根词 浏览其他段落标题，观察其表达

E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have [解题思路]

本题考查主题句。首先形式上要与第二个标题“Recall(回忆）your childhood memories”一致，故在A项和B项之间选择。再根据本段倒数第二句“However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to gar-den.\"可知，本段主要讲要弄清自己为什么要种植花木。 【答案】：A

典例2(2017·全国Ⅱ）

In order to make a change, you need to decide

why it's important. Do you want to get up in time to have break-fast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make .

· Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to. .. A. Get a sleep specialist. B. Find the right motivation. C.A better plan for sleep can help. D. And consider setting a second alarm. E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.

F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day. G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. [解题思路]

本题考查段落主题句。形式上应与下一个标题Reconsider morning一致，故在A、B、F和G之间选择。再根据空后谈到要改变，先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因；后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变；由此可以推断出这段总的说找到正确的动机，因此本空选B。 【答案】：B

2. 过渡句

过

典例1(2016·全国I片段）

One is the establishment(制定）of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. _________The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments .

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects. [解题思路]

根据上下文所提到的one和下文所得到的the third可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二条，与E项The second aspect...吻合。

【答案】：E

表示并列关系的词有：first(ly),second(ly),…；first,then/next,...;in the first place, in the second place...;for one thing, for another(thing),...;to begin with, to conclude等词，表明前后句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。

典例2(2015·北京片段）

First, understand that some opportunities(机会） for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. ________ and if you want to improve your chances of having a

段落间过渡句 阅读上一段的结尾和下一段的内容，注意衔接词和体现逻辑关系的信号词（next, also, in addition, however...) 渡句 段落内部过渡句 阅读空格前后内容，挖掘内在逻辑关系，注意衔接词和体现逻辑关系的信号词 (this/that/these/those/such/it...)和核心词汇的重复，同时注意该段主题句

creative idea while you're daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task-preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.

A. Having interesting things to think about also helps

D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. [解题思路]

选项A中的also helps与空格前面句子中的help相对应，且两句话的主语形式统一，都说的是“做白日梦”的条件。

【答案】：A

递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what's more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not...but...,not only...but also等。

典例3(2014·辽宁片段）

·Protect against UV rays(紫外线）.Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.

___________

C. They can properly protect your eyes. D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins. [解题思路]

空白处前面的句子“No matter what the season is,it's ex-tremely important to wear sunglasses.\"意为“无论是什么季节，戴太阳镜是极其重要的”，属于总结概括句。选项C意为“它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛”，本句是对上句观点的举例说明，能很好地顺接语境。

【答案】：此题属例证关系，故选C

前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和演练（从观点到例子）。 典例4(2013·全国Ⅱ片段） Get a coach

_________, so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.

A. You aren't like anybody else

D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts

E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough [解题思路]

根据“so get help”可知应填一个表示原因的句子。根据下句中的“...ready to offer you public speaking training and courses...”也可知开头说的与public speaking有关。 【答案】：故选E

表示因果关系的词有：so/therefore, thus, consequently(结果）,as a result(of),so/such...that...,so that...等。

3. 段尾句

段尾句 段落总结收尾类：通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找出表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude , in a word , in brief , in conclusion等。

承接上下文类：此类题目直接承接上下文，并非是概括或总结性语句，解题时要根据与上下文的逻辑关系来确定答案。 典例1(2015·北京片段）

It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.\"Mindfulness\

E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.

F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite un-like sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. [解题思路] (1)本题为段尾空，属段落总结概括句，需要关注本段前面的内容。

(2)本段主要说明在需要集中精力的时候避免做白日梦也很重要，前一句提出 mindfulness这一概念，并用同位语being focused 做出解释。

第三步对比信息句和选项，得出答案

【答案】：E项中的it指代前一句的mindfulness,且attentive与前文的concentrate, being focused, avoid falling a-sleep语义一致。

典例2(2017·洛阳高三二模）

There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data don't mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false._____

A . Thus we should try our best to be wise thinkers . B. Data can make our life easier and more comfortable. C. But sometimes we may find that data aren't everything. D. Sometimes our hearts and mind are more sensitive than data. E. Now and then the so-called specific data puzzle us very much. F. The exact data should come from assessment of an actual event . G. There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. [解题思路]

本题设空在段尾，空格前的一句论述内容是“如果我们没有能力运用所学知识和自信去分析数据正确与否，那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义”。所得出的结论就是“因此我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者”，结合线索词Thus可知正确答案。

【答案】：A

典例3(2014·北京片段）

Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources._________

Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.

A . Make choice that are right for you .

G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

[解题思路]

本题挖空处为第一段段尾。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各种渠道的健康信息，第二段就如何对这些信处进行分类整理给予一些建议。从文章篇章结构分析，空格起承上启下的作用。

【答案】：此题属承上启下类，故选G 4.通用技能

除每个题型有自身特殊的解题技巧外，在阅读七选五中还有两种通法，根据考题活用这两种方法能够准确判定答案。

①词汇复现法

复现，是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同源词复现、同义词/近义词、反义词复现等。

典例1(2015·全国I片段）

_________ If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of

your circumstance . But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a \"victim mentality\". At some point in all of !our lives , we'll have our trust tested or violated .

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. [解题思路]

由空格后面的内容可以看出，本段主要讲的是被背叛了后该怎么办。选项C中的关键词语“victim”与本段主旨相吻合，“victim”一词在本段中反复出现，属于原词复现，且选项C是对本段的概括总结。

【答案】：C ②代词线索法

英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词，名词短语或句子概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these或those指代前句的复数名词。

典例2(2016·全国Ⅱ片段）

But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult. __________ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.

A . Do not buy it .

D. It just requires a little knowledge. [解题思路]

空格上一句提到买鱼、贮藏鱼和烹饪并不难，启承上句，此处指只是需要一些这方面的知识。D选项中的代词“It”指代前面提到的“Buying, storing, and cooking fish”。

【答案】：D ③词汇同现法

词汇同现法是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。

典例2(2015·全国Ⅱ片段）

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady , gradual increases in the length of the runs . _________, buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop...

During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day... B. For a good marathon runner C. Before you begin your training [解题思路]

空格前讲到一个观点：马拉松训练需要精心准备，下面的论述必须在“准备”这一范畴内，且下文中出现了“During the first week\"等时间词汇，本题是指开始训练前的准备。

【答案】：此题属词汇同现，故选C