顾家北手把手教你写作范文全文中文翻译剑12版

1. 遵守规则 ................................................................................................................................ 4 英文全文 ................................................................................................................................. 4 2 老年化 ..................................................................................................................................... 6 英文全文 ................................................................................................................................. 6 3 儿童看电视 ............................................................................................................................. 7 英文全文 ................................................................................................................................. 8 4 即抛文化 ................................................................................................................................. 9 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 10 5 城乡迁徙 .............................................................................................................................. 11 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 12 6 廉价航空 .............................................................................................................................. 13 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 14 7 规则法律 .............................................................................................................................. 15 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 16 8 远程教育 .............................................................................................................................. 18 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 19 9 税收 ....................................................................................................................................... 20 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 21 10 学校道德教育 ................................................................................................................... 22 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 23 11 艺术投资 ........................................................................................................................... 25

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英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 25 12 志愿工作 ........................................................................................................................... 27 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 28 13 刑罚 .................................................................................................................................... 30 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 30 14 离家居住 ........................................................................................................................... 32 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 33 15 快餐 .................................................................................................................................... 35 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 35 16 大学知识 ........................................................................................................................... 37 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 37 17 大学学费 ........................................................................................................................... 40 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 40 18 禁止广告 ........................................................................................................................... 42 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 43 19 商品进口 ........................................................................................................................... 44 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 45 20 全球语言 ........................................................................................................................... 47 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 47 21 指导健康生活 .......................................................................................................... 48 英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 49 22 换工作 ................................................................................................................................ 50

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英文全文 .............................................................................................................................. 51

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1. 遵守规则

全文翻译1：遵守规则论述类题目写作要点

Some people think that children should obey the rules or do what their parents and teachers want them to do. Other people think children controlled too much cannot deal with problem themselves in adulthood. Discuss both views and state your own opinion.

孩子们要在家里或学校遵守不同的规定。严格的纪律有时很重要，但我认为这会对孩子的问题解决能力产生不利的影响。

有些人坚决主张强加规则，因为规则可以让孩子对自己的行为负责，帮助他们从小就发展良好的行为模式。与成年人不同，儿童通常不了解不良行为的后果，制定规则可以帮助他们认识到如何以社会接受的方式行事。例如，如果大人要求，他们可以学习如何打招呼，提出礼貌的请求，并表示礼貌。另外，规则也可以禁止不当的行为，如欺凌，亵渎，考试作弊，在课堂上打断教师。

然而反对者认为，规则可以问题解决技能的发展，如果那些建立严格规则的父母优先考虑孩子的服从。孩子将严重依赖规则，可能无法解决问题。例如，一些规则可能决定孩子每天应该做什么，但是当孩子进入劳动力队伍时，他们可能不知道如何在没有父母指示的情况下管理时间，也不能应付自己的工作要求。他们不可能在事业上取得成功。

我认为严格的规定会扼杀孩子的创造力，不能以不同的方式解决问题。他们不敢将自己的想法付诸实践，怕违背规则就受到惩罚。例如，一些教师要求学生遵守严格的散文写作规则，其结果是孩子不会以其他方式表达自己想法的结果。现实世界中的问题是复杂的，不能用想象力去解决这些问题。 英文全文

Children are expected to obey different rules either at home or at school. Strict discipline is sometimes important, but I would argue that it would have an adverse impact on children's problem-solving abilities.

Some people are strong advocates of imposing rules because rules can hold children accountable for their behaviour and help them develop good 第 4 页

behaviour patterns from an early age. Unlike adults, children are normally not aware of the consequences of bad behaviour, and setting rules can help them realise how to behave in a socially acceptable way. For example, they can learn how to greet others, make polite requests and show table manners, if they are required by adults to do so. In addition, rules can also forbid inappropriate behaviours, such as bullying, using profanity, cheating in exams and interrupting teachers during a lesson.

Opponents, however, argue that rules can limit the development of problem-solving skills, if those parents who establish strict rules give priority to children's obedience. Children will rely heavily on rules and may not be able to solve problems independently. For instance, some rules may dictate what children should do every day, but when children enter the workforce, they may not know how to manage time without the instructions of their parents and cope with the demands of work themselves. They are unlikely to achieve success in their careers.

In my view, strict rules can stifle children's creativity and they are not able to solve problems in different ways. They dare not put their ideas into practice, since they are afraid of being punished if they disobey rules. Some teachers, for example, require students to abide by strict essay writing rules, and the consequence is that children will not the outcome of expressing their ideas in other ways. The problems in the real world are complex and they cannot tackle these problems without using imagination.

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2 老年化

全文翻译2：老龄化社会+观点类（advantage/disadvantage）+段落的数量 In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend have positive or negative effects on society?

人们的预期寿命在很多社会都有所改善，可能是因为技术的进步和个人财富的增加。虽然老年人能够为社会做出非凡的贡献，但我认为这种人口变化会带来一些问题。

与人口老化有关的一个问题是医疗保健费用将会增加，给纳税人造成负担。众所周知，大多数医疗需求和成本都发生在生命的最后几年。这意味着必须投入更多的资金来照顾老人和医疗服务。这通常要求劳动者缴纳较高的所得税，并为教育等其他基本服务节省资金。

随着高级工人数量的增加，工作速度缓慢是另一个问题。吸收信息和完成工作的能力通常随着年龄而下降。许多老年人对技术保守态度较差，很难学习如何在工作中使用高科技设备和最新的软件。如果选择延迟退休，他们在劳动力队伍中的存在会影响企业的生产力，危及整个经济。

另一方面，老年人的经验和智慧可以成为社会的宝贵财富。今天的人们可以更健康长寿，因为他们更关注健康的饮食和运动。即使离开工作岗位，他们也可以担任顾问，并将他们的知识和技能传授给年轻一代。例如，一些高级管理人员可以教授年轻人如何管理公司，以及如何为客户提供服务。我们的社会可以借鉴这些老年人的专业知识。

总之，预期寿命的大幅度延长给医疗带来了压力，使劳动力的生产力下降。尽管我们可以善用年老的工作者的智慧，但这会影响一个国家的经济发展。 英文全文

People's life expectancy has improved in many societies, possibly because of improvements in technology and increase in personal wealth. Although senior citizens can contribute extraordinarily to society, I would argue that this demographic change can bring about some problems.

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One problem associated with an ageing population is that health care costs will increase, imposing a burden on taxpayers. It is widely known that most medical needs and costs occur in the last years of life. This means that governments have to pour more money in caring for the elderly and in medical services. This in normally achieved by requiring working people to pay higher income tax and cutting funds for other essential services like education.

The slow pace of work is another problem, as the number of senior workers increases. The ability to absorb information and complete work normally decline with age. Many elderly people have a conservative attitude towards technology and struggle to learn how to use high-tech devices and the latest software at work. If they choose to delay retirement, their presence in the workforce can influence companies' productivity and endanger the whole economy.

On the other hand, the experience and wisdom of senior citizens can be a valuable asset to society. People today can live healthier and longer lives, as they pay closer attention to healthy eating and sports. They can work as consultant even after leaving the workforce, and impart their knowledge and skills to the younger generation. For example, some senior managers can teach young people how to manage a company, and how to provide services for clients. Our society can draw upon the expertise of these older people.

In conclusion, the considerable extension of life expectancy has put strain on health care and made the workforce less productive. It will influence the economic development of a country, although we can make good use of senior workers' wisdom. 3 儿童看电视

全文翻译3：看电视学习+观点类（agree/disagree）+写作要点

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Some people believe that children can learn effectively by watching TV and they should be encouraged to watch TV both at home and at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

看电视（特别是提供有用信息的电视）被认为是一种有效的学习方法，因为视听信息可以吸引学生的注意力并吸引他们的兴趣。虽然很多电视节目都具有教育价值，但我不同意增加屏幕时间的想法。

观看电视会干扰儿童的学习和其他有利于这些儿童的智力发展活动，他们可能无法在考试中取得好成绩，因为屏幕时间取代了他们花时间做作业的时间。同样令人担忧的是，电视收看可以挤出那些能够提高儿童智力技能的活动，如阅读，下棋和棋盘游戏。

另一个问题是，长时间的屏幕时间会孩子的社会发展。那些坐在电视机前好几个小时、而不是同龄人玩游戏，与老师进行交流的孩子，会变得不善社交，不愿意发表自己的看法，不理解别人的想法。如果没有良好的沟通技巧，他们将很难获得知识，借鉴同学或老师的想法，并取得学术上的成功。

另一方面，我知道电视让孩子们进入了一个知识世界。有许多针对儿童的教育项目，使他们能够深入了解不同的学科。例如，纪录片可以帮助孩子学习历史事件，而外语频道可以帮助他们学习外语。这种知识可以补充他们在学校学到的东西。

总而言之，我认为父母和老师应该对孩子的电视收看施加，尽管电视节目是知识的来源。看电视会对考试成绩和社交技能产生不利影响。 英文全文

Watching television (especially informative television) has been recognised as an effective method of learning, because audio-visual information can attract students' attention and engage their interest. Although many TV programmes have educational value, I do not agree with the idea of increasing screen time.

Television viewing can interfere with children's studies and other activities which can benefit these children's intellectual development. They may not

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be able to achieve good grades in exams because screen time displaces the time they could spend doing homework. It is also worrying to see that television viewing can crowd out those activities which can improve children's intellectual skills, such as reading, playing chess and board games. Another problem is that long screen time can limit children's social development. Those children who sit in front of their TV for many hours, instead of playing games with their peers and communicating with teachers, will become unsociable and unwilling to express their views and understand the thoughts of other people. Without good communication skills, they will have difficulty in gaining knowledge, drawing upon the ideas of classmates or teachers, and achieving academic success.

On the other hand, I understand that television has exposed children to a world of knowledge. There are many educational programmes aimed for children, allowing them to gain insight into different subjects. For example, documentaries can help children learn about historical events and figures while foreign language channels can help them acquire foreign languages. This kind of knowledge can complement what they learn at school. To summarise, I would argue that parents and teachers should impose restrictions on children's television viewing, although television shows are a source of knowledge. Watching TV can have an adverse impact on exam grades and social skills. 4 即抛文化

全文翻译4：消费社会报告类题目写作要点

It is argued that we are living in a throw-away society people throw away what they use in daily life, instead of recycling or reusing them. Why has this happened and how to address this issue?

人们可能只使用一次产品，而不是长期保存它们。了解为什么要即抛文化发展以及如何扭转这一趋势是很重要的。

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由于这些产品不像以前那样昂贵，现在的消费者没有货物很长一段时间。技术创新和大规模生产降低了生产成本，提高了劳动力的生产力。手机，电脑等电子产品现在价格低廉，这就是为什么很多人购买最新的产品，而不是修理破损的产品。特别是年轻人，更愿意购买最新的手机，并将旧手机扔掉。

另一个原因是人们缺乏环保意识。人们还没有意识到自己的生活方式会导致能源消耗，造成浪费和污染。他们不知道家用电器可能会进入垃圾填埋场，这些不可生物降解的产品会对环境造成破坏性影响。如果他们意识到回收可以使他们的生活方式更具可持续性，他们可能会尝试重复使用产品。

由于消费品过度消费普遍存在，因此采取措施缓解这一问题十分重要。首先是提高环保意识，教育人们改变使用方式和处理不同的产品。也可以执行一些法律来阻止消费者扔掉货物。例如，对一些一次性产品（包括塑料袋）的使用可能会施加税收惩罚，从而鼓励人们使用环保替代品。

总之，人们对消费和降价的态度转变是消费品过度消费的原因。要成功解决这个问题，首先要提高人们的环保意识，激励他们改变生活方式。 英文全文

People are likely to use products only once instead of keeping them for a long time. It is important to understand why this throw-away culture develop and how to reverse this trend.

Consumers today do not keep many goods for a long period of time because these products are not as expensive as before. Technological innovations and mass production have reduced the cost of production and improved the productivity of the workforce. Some electronic products such as mobile phones and computers are now sold at low prices, and this is why many people would purchase the newest products, instead of fixing broken ones. Young people in particular, prefer to purchase the latest mobile phones with up-to-date and features and throw old ones away. Another reason is that people lack environmental awareness. People have not yet realised that their ways of life will lead to energy consumption and

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cause waste as well as pollution. They do not know that household appliances can end up in landfill sites and these non-biodegradable products can have a destructive effect on environment. If they are aware that recycling can make their lifestyles more sustainable, they will possibly try to reuse products.

As the overconsumption of consumer goods is pervasive, it is important to take some measures to mitigate this problem. The first one is raising environmental awareness, educating people to change the ways they use and dispose of different products. Governments can also enforce some laws to deter consumers from throwing away goods. For example, the tax penalty can be imposed on the use of some disposable products, including plastic bags, thereby encouraging people to use eco-friendly alternatives. To summarise, people's changing attitude towards consumption and price cuts are reasons behind the excessive consumption of consumer goods. To address this problem successfully, the top priority is to raise people's awareness of environmental protection and motivate them to change their lifestyles. 5 城乡迁徙

全文翻译5：城乡转移+混合类题目写作要点+开头段的写作

Many people are moving from rural areas to big cities. Why has this happened?

To what extent do you think it is a good trend?

现在很多农村人选择迁徙到城市，相信他们更有可能在城市找到工作，享受更好的生活质量，但是人口的流动会带来很多问题。

这些人做出这个决定有两个主要原因。首先，城市人口较密集，有更多的就业机会，可以赚更多的钱。这意味着他们可以提高生活水平，并提供比以往更多的消费品。相反，农村就业机会不多，由于许多行业不发达，居民购买力有限。城市生活的另一个优点是城市居民可以轻松获得公共服务，包括教育和医疗保健，而

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曾经居住在农村的年轻夫妇打算送子女到城市学校为将来更好的工作机会做好准备。

城市居民人数的增加会给城市的住房和设施带来巨大的压力。由于土地短缺，一些城市无法容纳大量人口。许多移民最终生活在贫民窟，生活条件恶劣，因为他们买不起房子。所有城市居民的健康状况都很差，因为城市设施不具备有效管理废弃物和污水的能力，并满足日益增长的清洁用水需求。

与农村向城市转移相关的另一个问题是，城乡收入差距将会增加，而不是减少。雄心勃勃，精力充沛，勤奋创新的年轻人更愿意到城市寻求教育和就业机会。因此，劳动力短缺已成为农村社区的一个难题，振兴当地经济并不容易。

总而言之，就业前景不佳，地方经济不景气，导致人口向城市转移。这是一个令人担忧的趋势。 英文全文

These days many people from rural areas have chosen to migrate to cities, believing that they are more likely to find employment and enjoy a better quality of life in urban areas, but the movement of population can cause many problems.

There are two main reasons why these people have made this decision. Firstly, cities are more densely populated and there are more job opportunities available, so they may earn more money. This means that they can afford more consumer goods and improve living standards than ever before. By contrast, employment opportunities are scarce in rural areas, due to the fact that many industries are underdeveloped and many inhabitants' buying power is limited. Another advantage of urban life is that city dwellers have easy access to public services, including education and health care, and young couples who used to live in the countryside intend to send their children to urban schools to get prepared for better job opportunities in the future.

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The increased number of urban dwellers can put huge pressure on housing and facilities in cities. Some cities are unable to accommodate a large population because the shortage of land. Many migrants end up living in slums and enduring poor living conditions, because they cannot afford home ownership. All city dwellers are prone to poor health because urban facilities do not have the capacity to manage the waste and sewage effectively and to meet the growing demand for clean water.

Another problem associated with a rural-to-urban shift is that rural-urban income disparity will grow, instead of diminishing. Young people who are ambitious, energetic, hardworking and creative prefer to go to the cities in search of educational and employment opportunities. The shortage of labour has thus become a problem in rural communities and it is not easy to revitalise the local economy.

In conclusion, poor employment prospects and sluggish local economies have caused the population shift to cities. This is a worrying trend. 6 廉价航空

全文翻译6：廉价航空服务+审题的要素

Many people think cheap air travel should be encouraged because it gives ordinary people freedom to travel further. However, others think this leads to environmental problems, so air travel should be more expensive in order to discourage people from having it.

低成本航空旅行使我们能够比以前更频繁地跨越国界。我认为便宜的航班可以惠及群众，尽管我们应该避免不必要的旅程。

旅游到不同国家的人们可以更好地了解这些国家，并探索一些促进事业或增加财富的机会。一些年轻人可以到其他国家找到更好的工作，赚取更高的薪水。一些小企业主可以在外国旅行时发现商机，通过出口或进口产品赚取利润。如果机票价格昂贵，那么这些商人就会不太经常飞往其他国家，错过了一些发展业务的机会。

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同时，也有人认为，提高机票价格有助于减少航空业对环境的影响。较高的成本将阻止人们长途跋涉到其他地方去度假或出差。如果航班数量下降，飞机产生的温室气体会减少。与航空部门有关的其他问题，包括噪音污染和建设机场和其他设施造成的环境破坏也将得到缓解。

就个人而言，我不认为有必要让航空服务对潜在的乘客变得昂贵，因为他们值得一个负担得起的假期放松。许多人，特别是生活在大城市的劳动人民，过着紧张的生活，感到压力。如果机票价格实惠，他们可能会选择在一些异国情调的地方，如热带国家，他们可以品尝当地的食物，体验不同的生活方式，摆脱他们的国家的日常生活。

总的来说，航空旅行是不对的，最重要的是廉价航空可以让公众受益。作为努力减轻环境压力的一部分，航空公司可以转向技术创新。 英文全文

Low-cost air travel has enabled us to travel across borders more frequently than before. I think cheap flights can benefit the masses, although we should avoid unnecessary journeys.

People who travel to different countries can have a better understanding of these countries and explore some opportunities to advance their careers or increase wealth. Some young people can visit other countries where they can find better jobs and earn high salaries. Some small business owners can discover business opportunities during their trips in foreign countries and earn profits by exporting or importing products. If air tickets are expensive, these businesspeople will fly less frequently to other countries and miss out on some opportunities to grow their business.

At the same time, some may argue that raising airfares can help reduce the environmental impact of the airline industry. Higher costs will deter people from traveling great distances to other locations to go on holiday or travel for business. Greenhouse gases produced by airplanes can decrease if the number of air flights drop. Other problems related to the aviation sector,

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including noise pollution and the environmental destruction caused by the construction of airports and other facilities, will also be mitigated.

Personally, I do not think it is necessary to make air services expensive to potential passengers, because they deserve an affordable holiday to relax. Many people, especially working people living in large cities, lead a hectic life and feel stressed. If air tickets are highly affordable, they may choose to take a vocation in some exotic locations, such as tropical countries where they can sample local food and experience a different way of life, and get away from everyday life of their countries.

Overall, it would be wrong to impose restrictions on air travel, and above all, cheap airlines can benefit the public. Air companies can turn to

technological innovations as part of the effort to reduce the strain on the environment. 7 规则法律

全文翻译7：法律和社会（如何扣题1）

The society is based on rules and laws. The society would not function well if individual were free to do whatever they want. To what extent do you agree or disagree.

法律是指强加给人的规则。虽然法律在规范我们的行为方面起着重要的作用，但我相信严格的法律也会我们的自由。

如果没有法律规范人的行为，一个国家就会混乱，经济就会崩溃。例如，如果人们不遵守交通法规，交通事故就会增加，交通拥堵将成为一个问题。许多企业的收入将受到影响，因为他们的产品无法高效交付。同样，在没有法律惩罚那些在网上销售假冒产品的商家的国家，消费者将停止在互联网上购物，这个国家将在经济上遭受损失。

遵循道德原则也很重要;否则，人们将无法建立尊重和信任的关系。他们有时是出于自我利益的动机去做伤害他人的伤害，比如背叛商业伙伴的信任，但这会损害

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他们的关系。如果人们不履行承诺，就很难开展业务，争论会降低生产力。可以肯定的是，当人们缺乏互信时，没有哪个社会能够正常运转。

另一方面，法律不可避免地了人的自由，甚至阻碍了社会的进步。例如，如果一个国家在商界有很多，商业活动就不会兴旺。高收入者可能缺乏动力去增加收入。可以放松规定，释放这些人的潜力，为社会进步做出贡献。 从所讨论的内容来看，有理由认为一个国家在没有法律和规则的情况下运作不好。另一方面，如果法律太严格，我们的社会就不容易前进。 英文全文

Laws refer to the rules imposed on human beings. Although laws play an important role in regulating our behaviour, I believe that strict laws can also restrict our freedom.

If no law regulated people's behaviour, a country would be in chaos and the economy would collapse. For example, if people do not obey traffic regulations, traffic accidents will increase and traffic congestion will become a problem. The revenue of numerous businesses will be affected because their products cannot be delivered efficiently. Similarly, in a country where there are no laws to punish those merchants who sell fake products online, consumers will stop shopping on the Internet and this country will suffer economically.

Following moral principles is also important; otherwise, people will not be able develop a respectful and trusting relationship. They are sometimes motivated by self-interest to do something that would be harmful to others, such as betraying the trust of their business partners, but this would cause damage to their relationship. If people do not fulfil their promises, they will find it difficult to conduct business together, and arguments will reduce productivity. It is fair to say that no society could function well when people lack mutual trust.

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On the other hand, laws sometimes inevitably restrain human's freedom and even hinder social progress. For instance, if one country has many restrictions on the business world, the business activity will not thrive. High income earners who are subject to high income tax rates may lack motivation to make greater effort to increase their incomes. The government can relax regulations to unlock potential of these people, which can contribute to social progress.

From what has been discussed, it is reasonable to argue that a country cannot operate well without laws and rules. Alternatively, our society cannot advance easily, if laws are too restrictive.

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8 远程教育

全文翻译8： 传统教育和网络教育（如何扣题2）

Nowadays，distance-learning programmes have gained in popularity (those teaching programmes that involve the use of written materials, video, television and the internet), but some people argue that courses can never be taken as good as those by attending a college or university in person. To what extent do you agree or disagree.

互联网的出现改变了人们的生活和工作方式。越来越多的人正在考虑远程教育，这使得他们可以在家完成学位。尽管远程学习在某些方面与传统的大学教育有所不同，但学习者可能会发现他们可以像在大学一样从网上课程中获得尽可能多的知识。

在远程学习课程中，学生可以获得与亲自上课相同的学位课程内容。他们可以阅读有关教材和课堂笔记等资料，并参加视频课程，这是有信誉的教授讲座。当他们在理解一些关键概念方面有困难的时候，他们可以点击暂停按钮并重放视频，直到他们完全消化信息。

在线教育的改进也使学生能够在必要时与讲师进行交流。学生可以使用交互式沟通工具在虚拟课堂中提问或通过电子邮件与讲师交谈。这样，这些学习者可以立即得到讲师的指导，从而更有效地完成所有课程。这与在教室里与教授的互动完全一样。尽管生活在自己的国家，学生甚至与来自世界各地的顶尖大学的学者交流。

虽然远程教育具有明显的优势，但它可能不会为参与者提供在砖木学院可以获得的同样的网络体验。学生完成学业，没有机会见面，一起交往。鉴于建立联系网络的重要性，这可能对其职业发展产生负面影响。相比之下，那些在大学学习的人可以在校园里进行各种各样的活动，比如打体育和加入俱乐部，这可以帮助他们建立密切的关系。

总之，互动技术使得学习者能够轻松地与讲师进行沟通并获得学历，所以我相信远程教育现在和传统的大学学位课程一样好。

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英文全文

The advent of the Internet has changed the ways people live their lives and complete work. A growing number people are now considering distance education, which allows them to complete a degree at home. Although distance learning differs from traditional college education in some aspects, learners will possibly find that they can gain as much knowledge from online courses as they do at university.

In distance learning programmes, students can access the same content of degree courses as those who attend lectures in person. They can read relevant materials, such as textbooks and class notes, and attend video lessons, which are recorded lectures of reputable professors. When they have problems in comprehending some key concepts, they can click the pause button and replay the video until they fully digest information. The improvements in online education also make it possible for students to communicate with their lecturers whenever necessary. Students can use interactive communication tools to ask questions in virtual classes or talk to lecturers via email. In this way, these learners can get lecturers' guidance immediately, thereby completing all courses more effectively. This is exactly the same as the interaction with professors in lecture rooms. Despite living in their own countries, students can even communicate with scholars from top universities around the world.

While distance education has clear advantages, it may not offer

participants the same networking experience they can get in a bricks and mortar college. Students complete their degree independently and do not have opportunities to meet each other and socialise together. This can have a negative impact on their career development in view of the importance of building up a network of contacts. In contrast, those who study at university can do a wide range of activities on campus such as

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playing sports and joining clubs, which can help them build close relationships.

In conclusion, interactive technology has enabled learners to communicate with lecturers easily and gain qualifications, so I believe that distance education is now as good as traditional ways of completing a degree at university. 9 税收

全文翻译9：交税+如何写中心句

Some people believe that they should be able to keep all the money they earn and should not pay any tax to the state. To what extent do you agree or disagree.

很多人认为税收是一种负担，因为这会减少他们的可支配收入。我认为我们需要交税，因为没有税收，社会就不能正常运转。

如果有税收，可以用更多的资金建设道路，学校，医院等公共设施。没有一个很好的公共交通系统，上下班的人难以上下班，交通堵塞会降低工作效率。公立学校可以为孩子提供教育机会，没有受过良好教育的劳动力，一个国家就不能维持经济增长。私人投资者通常对运输环节和学校不感兴趣，这些产生的利润并不高。

征收税收也可以调节人们的行为，鼓励他们，尤其是那些有时不能克制自己的人，打破坏习惯。例如，对香烟和酒精征收重税，不利于公众支付这些物品。由此产生的生活方式的改变可以改善他们的健康和减少医院访问，从而缓解医疗系统的压力。

另一方面，如果纳税人的税率很高，他们可能没有动力去努力工作，企业家也不愿意创业。金钱对于大多数人来说是一个很大的动力，因为高收入的人可以提高生活水平，获得成就感。没有这些人的辛勤劳动，愿意发挥才能，一个国家就不会兴旺起来，福利制度就不能维持下去。

总的来说，我相信税收是经济的生命线，虽然高税收会对经济增长产生不利影响。

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英文全文

Many people regard tax as a burden, because it can reduce their disposable income. I think that we need to pay tax, because without tax revenue, the society cannot function appropriately.

If the government has tax revenue, more funds can be used to build public facilities such as roads, schools and hospitals. Without a great public transport system, commuters find it difficult to travel to and from work, and traffic congestion could reduce work efficiency. Public schools can provide children with educational opportunities, and without a well-educated workforce, a country cannot sustain economic growth. Private investors are normally not interested in transport links and schools, which do not generate considerable profits.

Levying taxes can also regulate people's behaviour and encourage them, especially those sometimes fail to show self-restraint, to break bad habits. For example, the heavy tax on cigarette and alcohol discourages the public from spending on these items. The resulting lifestyle changes can improve their health and reduce hospital visits, thereby easing the pressure on medical system.

On the other hand, if taxpayers are subject to high taxes, they may not have the incentive to work hard and entrepreneurs are also not willing to set up a business. Money is a great motivator for most people because with high income, they can improve living standards and gain a sense of accomplishment. Without the hard work of these people and their willingness to show their talents, a country would not become prosperous and the welfare system could not be sustained.

Overall, I am convinced that taxes are the lifeblood of the economy although high income taxes can have an adverse effect on economic growth.

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同义替换

1. tax, pay tax, tax revenue, funds, levy tax, heavy tax on cigarette, taxpayers, be subject to high taxes,

2. society function, government, a country, people's, 10 学校道德教育

全文翻译10：道德教育+如何举例

Some people think school should only teach students academic subjects. Others think schools should also teach students how to discriminate between right and wrong.

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

学校通常被视为下一代可以增加知识以提高就业能力的地方。在我看来，学术科目对于自己的职业成就是很重要的，但不懂得分辨对错的学生在工作中是无法成功的。

许多教师建议学生应该专注于核心科目，因为这些课程的表现可以决定他们是否可以进入大学。学生在学术课程中学到的东西可以为大学提供坚实的基础，帮助他们找到体面的工作。例如，在学校学习数学技能的学生在大学可以学习如何建立模型来分析数据，毕业后可以担任财务分析师和工程师。如果他们需要花时间学习道德原则和行为规范，他们不太可能关注关键学科。

另一方面，一些教育家赞成将一些重要的美德和道德价值传授给学生，激励下一代善用知识，为未来的雇主和整个社会作出积极的贡献。对社会责任有意识的学生，如果将来作为制造业的工程师，就更有可能设计出有利于消费者的安全产品。即使在学校表现良好，没有道德感的学生也不能取得成功。

在我看来，年轻一代如果不能辨别是非，就不可能成功。学习礼貌和社交规则的学生可以理解如何尊重教师，与同学相处融洽，因此，一旦他们开始工作，他们也将能够与同事建立牢固的工作关系。这是职业成就的关键。如果他们没有意识到这一点，他们的教育和事业就会受到不利的影响。

第 22 页

英文全文

Schools are normally seen as the place where the next generation can increase knowledge to improve employability. In my view, academic subjects are important to one's career achievement, but students who do not learn the difference between right and wrong cannot succeed in their working lives.

Many teachers suggest that students should concentrate on core subjects, because the performance in these course can determine whether they can enter university in the future. What students learn in academic courses can provide a firm grounding for university and help them find decent jobs. For example, students who acquire mathematical skills at school can learn how to build models to analyze data at university and work as engineers or financial analysts after they graduate. They are less likely to focus on key disciplines if they are required to spend time in studying moral principles and behaviour norms.

On the other hand, some educationalists are in favour of imparting some important virtues and moral values into students, motivating the next generation to make good use of knowledge to contribute positively to their future employers and the whole society. Students who are conscious of social responsibilities are more likely to design safe products which benefit consumers, if they work as engineers for the manufacturing sector in the future. Students who do not have a moral compass cannot achieve success, even though they perform well at school.

In my opinion, the younger generation cannot be successful if they are not able to distinguish right from wrong. Students who learn politeness and social rules may understand how to respect teachers and get along well with classmates, and because of this, they will also be able to develop a strong working relationship with colleagues once they start working. This is

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the key to career achievement. If they do not realise this, their education and career can be affected adversely. 同义替换

1. academic subjects, core subject, these courses, academic courses, (math skills), focus on key disciplines, perform well at school 2. the next generation, the younger generation, students,

3. learn the difference between right and wrong, distinguish right from wrong, study moral principles and behavior norms, important virtues and moral values, make good use of, have a moral compass, (be conscious of social responsibilities, politeness, social rules),

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11 艺术投资

全文翻译11：艺术投资+对比/结尾

Many countries spend a lot of money in art. Some people think investment in art is necessary, but others say money is better spent on public services and facilities. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

在公共艺术方面的预算有时会面临反对，特别是在经济困难时期。我认为，我们应该优先考虑基本的服务和基础设施，然后在有预算盈余的情况下为艺术提供资金。

艺术公共资金的支持者认为，城市可以因为艺术而变得更具视觉吸引力。包括雕塑，绘画和雕像在内的艺术作品的确可以装饰图书馆，地铁站甚至厕所等公共设施，增加这些地方的艺术魅力。如果艺术产业蓬勃发展，城市就会有艺术展览，艺术节等文化活动，使城市生活充满活力和趣味。接触艺术品可以减轻我们的压力，使我们心情愉快。

尽管如此，很多人会认为公共设施应该得到更多的公共资金。普通百姓 对公共设施（如水电供应网，学校，图书馆，道路等）更感兴趣，直接影响到他们的生活水平。例如，良好的卫生和清洁水可以改善人们的健康和减少疾病，而学校和图书馆可以传播知识，改善青年的就业前景。相比之下，雕塑，绘画和歌剧是大多数人的奢侈品，不可能给他们带来实实在在的好处。

我认为，改善公共设施可以促进经济发展，但从经济角度而言，艺术可能不那么重要。例如，运输系统的投资可以使日常通勤更容易提高劳动者的生产率，而高速铁路系统和机场的公共支出则可以保证货物更快的交付。城市可以吸引投资，变得富有，人民的生活水平也可以提高。相比之下，艺术投资在短时间内无法创造回报。

总之，我认为应该把重点放在对社会大众健康至关重要的服务和设施上，尽管艺术项目可以使我们的城市壮观起来。 英文全文

The government sometimes faces opposition when spending its budget on public art, especially in economically tough times. I reckon that we should

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give priority to essential services and infrastructures and then fund the arts when there is a budget surplus.

The supporters of the public funds for the arts argue that cities can become more visually attractive because of art. It is true that artworks, including sculptures, paintings and statues can decorate public facilities such as library, metro stations, or even toilets, and increase the artistic appeal of these places. If the art industry prospers, cities will have art exhibitions, art festivals and other cultural activities which can make urban life dynamic and interesting. Exposure to artworks can reduce our pressure and put us in a good mood.

Despite this, many people would argue that public facilities deserve more of public money. Ordinary people are more interested in public facilities (such as water and electricity supply networks, schools, libraries and roads), which have a direct impact on their living standards. For example, good sanitation and clean water can improve people's health and reduce diseases, while schools and libraries can disseminate knowledge and improve young people's job prospects. In contrast, sculptures, paintings and operas are luxury items to most people and are not likely to bring tangible benefits to them.

In my view, improvements in public facilities can promote economy development, but the arts may be less important in economic terms. For example, the investment in the transport system can improve the productivity of working people by making daily commuting easier, while the public spending on high-speed railway systems and airports can ensure that cargo can be delivered faster. Cities can attract investment and become wealthy, so people's living standards can also be improved. By contrast, the investment in the arts cannot create returns in a such short time.

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To sum up, I believe that the government should focus on services and facilities vital to the wellbeing of the general public, even though artistic projects can make our cities spectacular. 文中同义替换

1.

spend its budget on, budget surplus, economically tough times, fund the arts, public funds for the arts, deserve more of public money, essential services and infrastructures, public facilities, (water and electricity supply networks, schools, libraries, roads, good sanitation, clean water),

2.

3.

public art, visually attractive, artworks, decorate, increase the artistic appeal, the art industry, (sculptures, paintings, statues, have art exhibitions, art festivals, other cultural activities), exposure to artworks, operas, luxury items, artistic projects,

4.

ordinary people, living standards, people's health, young people's, to most people, bring tangible benefits to them, the general public, economy development, in economic term，attract investment, productivity of working people,

become wealthy, create such returns in a short time,

5.

6.

12 志愿工作

全文翻译12：志愿者活动+观点的先后/前后一致

Volunteer work organized by middle schools brings more benefits than problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree

志愿者工作已经被许多学校推广，甚至被接受为毕业要求。无报酬的工作可能有其不利的一面，但对于那些年轻的参与者和整个社会都是有价值的。

通过提供社区服务，学生可以提高自己的技能，增加实践经验。学生在参与这些志愿服务时，可能会遇到很多问题和挑战，其中大部分是罕见的。例如，为慈善机构筹集资金时，应该弄清楚如何与捐赠者沟通，组织活动或功能，并与他人密

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切合作。这些活动可以增强他们与所有生活工作者合作的信心，提高他们的解决问题的能力，

年轻一代可以在此同时学习责任，在为社区服务中找到乐趣。他们有一种社区意识，因为他们可以看到他们的工作如何对其他社区成员产生积极的影响。例如帮助弱势儿童提高考试成绩，支持护理院的照顾者，协助残疾人克服日常生活中的困难。如果年轻人乐于助人，就会创造一个紧密团结的快乐社会。

另一方面，我们不能排除这样一种可能性，即无偿劳动如果组织不当，就会浪费地使用志愿者的时间和精力。志愿者工作项目有时是繁琐而费力的，许多学生不认为无酬工作是一种具有教育价值的有益经验。他们也可能把自愿工作看作是一种可以减少学习时间，干扰学习的服务。

总的来说，我的观点是志愿者工作对于下一代在提高技能，培养社区意识和社会进步方面具有相当重要的意义。不过，学校应该确保适合学生的需要。 英文全文

Volunteer work has been promoted by many schools and even accepted as a requirement for graduation. Unpaid work may have its downside, but it is of great value for those young participants as well as the whole society. By providing community services, students can improve their skills and increase their practical experience. Students may be confronted with many problems and challenges, most of which are rare at school, when they are involved in these voluntary services. For example, when raising funds for charities, they should figure out how to communicate with benefactors, organise events or functions, and work closely with others. These activities can boost their confidence in cooperating with people from all works of life, and improve their problem-solving skills,

The younger generation can meanwhile learn responsibility and find enjoyment in serving the community. They have a sense of community since they can see how their work can make a positive difference to other members of community. Examples include helping disadvantaged children

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to improve exam grades, supporting caregivers in nursing homes, and assisting disabled people in overcoming difficulties in daily lives. If young people are all happy to give a helping hand to others, it will create a close-knit and happy society.

On the other hand, we cannot rule out the possibility that unpaid work can lead to a wasteful use of volunteer's time and energy, if not well-organized. Volunteer work programmes are sometimes tedious and strenuous, and many students do not see unpaid work as a rewarding experience which is of educational value. They may also regard voluntary work as a service which can take away their study time and interfere with their studies.

Overall, my view is that volunteer work is of considerable importance to the next generation in terms of sharpening skills and fostering a sense of community, and also to social progress. However, schools should make sure that it suits students' needs. 文中同义替换

1. volunteer work, volunteer work programmes, voluntary work, unpaid work, community services, are involved in voluntary services, raise funds for charity, benefactors, make a positive difference to, a rewarding experience of educational value, help disadvantaged children improve exam grades, support caregivers in nursing homes, assist disabled people in overcoming difficulties in daily lives, give a helping hand to others,

2. young participants, the younger generation, volunteer, the next generation, students,

3. the whole society, serve the communities, have a sense of community, social progress, other members of community, create a close-knit and happy society

4. practical experience, cooperate with people from all walks of life, 5. responsibility, a sense of responsibility,

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6. time and energy, take away study time, interfere with studies, 13 刑罚

全文翻译13：刑法+如何避免重复和跳跃

A longer prison term as a way of punishing those who break the law is not as good as other methods. To what extent do you agree or disagree 强加刑罚被广泛接受为惩罚严重犯罪的方法，有时也是一种惩戒手段。这种做法可能是有效的，但我们也应该考虑其他方式来改革罪犯。

监禁可能对未来的罪犯或习惯犯有威慑作用。长期的监狱意味着违法者会长时间地失去自由，这是任何理性的人都不愿意接受的结果。犯罪记录可以对他们的生活，包括他们的事业产生持久的影响。当他们意识到接下来的问题时，他们不会犯罪。相反，他们会选择找工作或经营小企业谋生。这可以帮助建立一个和平和安全的社区。

虽然我同意长期监禁有时可以帮助我们打击犯罪，但我们可以把社区服务视为一种选择。这种惩罚可以使一些罪犯，尤其是犯下轻罪的罪犯，守法公民。他们可以通过清扫街道，去除涂鸦和料理花园，学会如何作为有意义的社区成员，意识到可以为社会做贡献。如果他们被判监禁，他们可能会与其他罪犯交朋友。他们不会因此而悔改或重估生命，所以在出狱后可能会重新犯罪，这可能会对其他社会成员构成威胁。

我们也可以为他们提供教育机会和职业培训，提高他们的人际交往能力和工作技能。值得注意的是，由于缺乏社会经验或社会经济地位低下，许多青少年罪犯或初犯者违法。犯罪不再是一种选择，只要他们能找到工作，理解法律责任。监狱可以将罪犯与社会隔离开来，粉碎他们找工作和重返社会的信心。

总的来说，我同意严厉的惩罚可以阻止犯罪，但这不是最好的办法。重点应放在改变犯罪者的行为，帮助他们作为社会生产者。 英文全文

Imposing sentences is widely accepted as a method to punish those who commit serious offences and sometimes as a correctional method. This

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approach may be effective, but we should also consider other ways to reform offenders.

The prison sentence may have a deterrent effect on either prospective offenders or habitual offenders. A long prison means that those who violate laws will lose freedom for a prolonged period of time, a consequence that no rational person is willing to take. The criminal record can have a lasting impact on their lives including their careers. They will not commit crimes when they realise the problems that ensue; instead, they will choose to find work or run a small business to earn a living. This can help create a peaceful and safe community.

While I agree that a long prison term may sometimes help us fight crime, we can consider community service as an alternative. This punishment can make some offenders, especially those who committed minor crimes, law-abiding citizens. They can learn how to act as meaningful members of community by cleaning streets, removing graffiti and tending gardens, and realise that can contribute to society. If they are sentenced to prison, they will possibly make friends with other offenders. They will not repent or take stock of their lives, so they may reoffend after being released, which can pose a threat to other members of society.

We can also provide educational opportunities and vocational training for them, improving their interpersonal skills and job skills. It is worth noting that many juvenile offenders or first-time offenders broke the law because of a lack of social experience or low socio-economic status. Crime is no longer an option, if they can find work and understand legal responsibilities. The prison can isolate criminals from society, shattering their confidence in finding work and reintegrating into society.

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Overall, I agree that the harsh penalty can deter crime, but it is not the best approach. The focus should be on changing the behaviour of offenders and helping them function as productive members of society. 文中同义替换/扣题

1. imposing sentences, stiff sentence, harsh penalty, prison sentence, a long prison sentence, a long prison term, lose freedom for a prolonged period of time, be sentenced to prison, this punishment, a correctional method, a method to punish those who, this approach, not be the best approach, other ways to reform offenders, an alternative,

•

take the consequence, criminal record, isolate criminals from society, shatter their confidence in finding work,

2. community services, clean streets, remove graffiti, tend gardens,

3. commit crimes, commit serious offence, those who commit minor crimes, violate laws, those who violate laws, reoffend, pose a threat to other members of society, crime is no longer an option,

4. prospective offenders, habitual offenders, juvenile offender, first-time offenders,

5. effective, have a deterrent effect, deter crime, create a peaceful and safe community, sometimes help us fight crime, learn how to act as a

meaningful members of community, realise that they can contribute to the society, repent or take stock of their lives, understand legal responsibilities, reintegrate into society, change the behaviour of offenders, help them function as productive members of society 14 离家居住

全文翻译14：学生自己居住+段落句子连接的方法

It is better for students to live away from home while studying at university than living with parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree

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今天许多大学生选择大学住宿或与朋友共住公寓。虽然这些年轻人可能无法与父母保持日常联系，但我认为这是一个成年仪式。

远离父母意味着年轻人必须学习如何过上的生活。他们不得不发展一些生活技能，比如做家务，理财和和室友相处。有了这些技能，一旦他们进入劳动力队伍，他们可以轻松处理许多事情。例如，他们更有可能保持一切组织，如果他们有卧室的清洁习惯。

此外，大学生可以享受更多的社交生活自由，结交新朋友。他们不需要每天都回家，所以他们有更多的时间做各种各样的活动，包括和其他学生一起去健身房，做小组活动，甚至做兼职工作。而且，派对，俱乐部活动和背包旅行使得这些年轻人扩大了朋友圈，所以他们有个人资源可供未来的职业发展。

这种选择的缺点是，与父母的联系会下降，情感上的联系会受到影响。他们几乎没有和父母一起吃饭，也不能跟上家人的消息。由于他们可以解决问题，他们并不觉得需要探望家人，并听取家长的意见。这也可能影响他们对待家庭生活的态度。

总之，大学生离家是一个很好的决定，虽然这可能会对他们的家庭关系造成破坏性的影响。 英文全文

Many university students today have either chosen university accommodation or shared a flat with their friends. I think it is a rite of passage though these young people may not be able to maintain day-to-day contact with their parents. Living away from parents means that young people have to learn how to live an independent life. They have to develop some life skills, such as doing housekeeping, managing finances and getting along with flatmates. With these skills, they can handle many matters easily once they enter the workforce. For example, they are more likely to keep everything organized if they have the habit of cleaning bedrooms.

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In addition, college students can enjoy more freedom in social life and make new friends. They do not need to go home every day, so they have more time to do a wide range of activities, including going to the gym with other students, doing group assignments, and even do part-time work together. Moreover, partying, club activities and backpacking allows these young people to enlarge the circle of friends, so they have personal resources to draw upon in future careers. The downside of this choice is that the contact with parents will decline and the emotional tie will suffer. They hardly have a meal with their parents and cannot keep up with the news about their family. As they can tackle problems independently, they do not feel the need to visit their family and take advice from parents. This may also affect their attitude towards family life.

In conclusion, it is a good decision for university students to leave home, although it may have a damaging effect on their family relationship. 文中同义替换

1. university students, these young people, college students,

2. living away from parents, choose university accommodation, share a flat with friends, a rite of passage, live an independent life, do no need to go home every day, to leave home,

3. social life, make new friends, enlarge circles of friend, have more personal resources to draw upon, (do group assignment, partying, join club, club activities),

4. maintain day-to-day contact with their parents, the contact with parents will decline, emotional tie, cannot keep up with the news about their family, do not feel the need to visit their family, take advice from parents, family life, a damaging effect on their family relationship,

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15 快餐

全文翻译15：快餐+代词的使用注意事项

In many countries traditional food is being replaced by international fast food. This has negative effects on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree.

由于生活节奏快，工作时间不规范，今天很多人都经常选择快餐店。在许多文化中，快餐已经对传统美食构成了威胁，人们不应忽视这种变化可能带来的问题。 在美国这样的超重人数大幅增加的国家，对快餐的强烈需求已经成为一个健康问题。这种食物不仅是高脂肪，糖，盐和卡路里，而且分量很大。这就是为什么它被称为垃圾食品，并与肥胖流行有关。那些患肥胖症的人比正常体重的人更容易患心脏病。这意味着不得不向医疗体系投入更多的资金，这可能对经济发展产生不利影响。

另一个问题是它可能威胁到世界美食的多样性。传统的烹饪手段以配料的多样性，烹饪风格和风味闻名，许多传统菜肴显示了不同地区菜肴的演变。如果提供美式或欧式食物的快餐连锁店，包括汉堡，炸鸡和披萨在市场上占主导地位，人们会发现他们的饮食会变得越来越单调，一些传统食谱可能会消失。

对预先准备的食物的依赖也会对家庭关系产生不利影响，因为人们没有像以前那样经常吃家常菜。一般来说，家庭聚餐为家庭成员提供了交流的机会，增进了相互了解。总是在外面吃饭的人可能无法跟上家庭问题，并回应其他家庭成员的情绪需求。他们在家里不再有亲密感，享受家庭陪伴。

因此，我同意快餐的普及是一种威胁。这不仅对人们的健康构成威胁，而且对美食文化和家庭关系也构成威胁。 英文全文

Many people today frequent fast-food restaurants, because of the fast pace of life and irregular working hours. Fast food has posed a threat to traditional cuisine in many cultures, and people should not overlook the problems that may arise from this change.

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The strong appetite for fast food has become a health issue in countries like America, where the number of overweight people has increased dramatically. This kind of food is not only high is fat, sugar, salt and calories but also served in large portions. This is why it is known as junk food and linked to obesity epidemic. Those who suffer from obesity are more likely to contract heart diseases than normal-weight people. This means government have to pour more money in the medical system, which may have an adverse effect on the economic development.

Another problem is that it can threaten the diversity of the world's cuisine. Traditional means of food preparation are known for the diversity of ingredients, cooking styles and falvours, and many traditional dishes show the evolution of cuisine in different regions. If fast food chains which provide American or European food, including hamburgers, fried chicken and pizzas dominate the market, people will find that their diet will become increasingly monotonous and that some traditional recipes may vanish.

The reliance on pre-prepared food also has an adverse effect on family relationships, as people do not eat family meals as frequently as before. As a general rule, family meals provide family members with an opportunity to communicate with each other and improve mutual understanding. People who always eat outside may not be able to keep up to date with family issues and respond to emotional needs of other family members. They no longer have a sense of closeness at home, and enjoy the company of their family.

I thus agree that the popularity of fast food is a menace. It not only poses a threat to people's health but also to their cuisine culture and family relationships.

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16 大学知识

全文翻译16：教育对成功的意义+词伙

Some people who have successful in the society don’t attribute their success to the theoretical knowledge they learned from their university. Do you agree that theoretical knowledge is not as valuable as expected? 今天有些年轻人辍学是可以理解的，因为有成功的企业家和商业领袖没有完成大学学位。在我看来，学生在大学学到的东西对于一个事业的成就至关重要。 通过在大学学习理论，人们可以充分理解不同学科的概念和原理，从而建立专业知识。很多理论都是在经验知识的基础上发展起来的，所以这些理论具有重要的现实意义，熟悉理论的人可以在工作中处理实际问题。例如，精神科医生不能确定有效的治疗方法，除非他或她参加大学课程，以深入了解所有关于不同心理健康问题原因的理论。

学术研究也可以提高学习者解决问题的能力，并赋予他们创造性的潜能。大学生需要收集不同主题的信息来完成论文和报告，从而获得分析不同陌生事物，有效解决问题的经验。当他们踏上职业生涯的时候，他们会表现出对问题表面进行研究的信心，并提出相应的解决方案。相比之下，不上大学的学生可以接受一些实际的训练来处理一些普通的任务，但面对不寻常的问题，他们可能是无奈的。 同时，我们必须认识到，理论知识不是成功的唯一决定因素。许多成功人士都有一些共同的人格特质。一个乐观，勤奋和善于交际的人能克服困难，与别人合作取得成功。另一个因素可能是社交网络，人们借鉴专家，投资者和企业管理者的想法，比如那些懂得与客户，供应商和保持良好关系的管理者。这种知识可能在教科书中没有。

总而言之，高等教育被低估，人们可以用大学所获得的知识有效地，创造性地处理许多问题。另一方面，我们需要承认个性和社交关系对成功也是必不可少的。 英文全文

It is understandable that some young people today drop out of college, because there are successful entrepreneurs and business leaders who did

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not complete a university degree. In my view, what students have learnt at university is vitally important to a fulfilling career.

By learning theories at university, people can gain a full understanding of concepts and principles of different subjects, so they can build expertise in their professions. Many theories have developed on the basis of empirical knowledge, so these theories have important practical implications and people who are familiar with theories can deal with practical problems at work. For example, a psychiatrist cannot identify effective therapies, unless he or she attends university courses to gain an insight into all theories about the causes of different mental health problems.

Academic study can also improve the problem-solving abilities of learners and empower them to exercise creative potential. University students need to collect information on different subject matters to finish essays and reports, so they gain experience in analysing different unfamiliar matters and tacking problems effectively. Whey they embark on their careers, they will show confidence in doing research when problem surface, and come up with corresponding solutions. In contrast, those who did not go to university may receive some practical training to deal with some general tasks, but they may be helpless in the face of unusual problems.

Meanwhile, we must recognise the fact that theoretical knowledge is not the only determinant of success. Many successful people have some personality traits in common. An optimistic, hardworking and sociable person is able to overcome difficulties and cooperate with others to achieve success. Another factor might be the social network, by which people draw upon ideas of experts, investors and business managers, such as those managers who understand how to maintain a good relationship with clients, suppliers and government officials. This kind of knowledge may not be available in textbooks.

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To sum up, higher education has been undervalued, and people can handle many problems effectively and creatively with knowledge they have acquired at university. On the other hand, we need to admit that personality and social relationships are also essential to success. 文中同义替换

1. drop out of college, complete a university degree, what people have learnt at university, attend university courses, university students, those who did not go to university, higher education,

2. learn theories at university, concepts and principles of different subjects, gain an insight into all theories about (different causes of different mental health problems), academic study, collect information on different subject matters, finish essays and reports, theoretical knowledge, knowledge that may not be available in textbooks, with knowledge they have acquired at university,

3. successful entrepreneurs or business leaders, a fulfilling career, build expertise in their professions, deal with practical problems at work, embark on their careers, receive practical training to deal with some tasks, the only determinant of success, successful people, overcome difficulties, cooperate with others to achieve success (a psychiatrist, identify effective therapies), 4. improve problem-solving abilities, gain experience in analysing different unfamiliar matters, tackle problems effectively, show confidence in doing research when problems surface, come up with corresponding solutions, empower them to exercise creative potential, be helpless in the face of unusual problems, handle many problems effectively and creatively,

5. personality traits, personality, (optimistic, hardworking, sociable person), 6. the social networks, maintain a good relationship with, social relationships, (investor, experts, business managers, clients, suppliers, government officials),

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17 大学学费

全文翻译17：免学费+如何换表达

Instead of asking the government to bear the cost of higher education，students should pay tuition fees themselves. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

接受大学教育对许多年轻人来说很重要，因为他们可以在未来轻松找到工作。那些支持教育支出的人认为，有些学生因为学习成本而没有入学。我个人认为，学生应该交学费，而弱势人士可以得到的经济援助。

如果高等教育不是免费的，学生就会努力学习，认真对待这个教育机会。他们了解完成学位的财务成本，所以他们有意识地完成所有的作文，并通过所有考试，以准时获得学历。相反，如果他们有免费接受教育的机会，他们可能会认为是理所当然的，并且一次次考试不及格。

收取学费的另一个好处是可以减轻的负担。中小学教育可以用更多的钱，这可以减少文盲，为下一代大学水平的课程做好准备。此外，可以为参加研究生课程的学生提供补贴，对这些有才能的年轻人的投资可以促进技术创新。

另一方面，不富裕的年轻人可免交学费。他们将有一个上大学的动机来获得知识和技能，这可以提高他们的职业前景。这可以缩小差距，帮助建立一个公平的社会。相反，学费可能会迫使他们退学，使他们难以发挥潜力。

总而言之，背景贫困的学生应该免除学费，而废除所有学生的学费是不现实的。 英文全文

Receiving a university education is important to many young people, because they can find employment easily in the future. Those who support government spending on education think that some students do not enroll because of learning costs. My personal view is that students should pay tuition, while the disadvantaged can receive financial assistance from the government.

If higher education is not free of charge, students will take this educational opportunity seriously and study hard. They understand the financial cost

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of completing a degree, so they make a conscious effort to finish all assignments and pass all exams in order to gain the qualification on time. In contrast, in cases where they have free access to education, they will possibly take it for granted and fail their exams from time to time.

Another benefit of charging tuition fees is that it can lighten the burden on the government. More money can be used in primary and secondary education, which can reduce illiteracy and prepare the next generation for university-level courses. Additionally, subsidies can be provided for students who enroll in post-graduate courses, and the investment in these talented young people can promote technological innovation.

On the other hand, young people from less well-off backgrounds can be exempted from tuition. They will have an incentive to attend college to acquire knowledge and skills, which can improve their career prospects. This can close the gap between haves and have-nots and help build a fair society. Conversely, tuition fees may force them to drop out of college and make it difficult for them to reach their potential.

To summarize, students from deprived backgrounds should be exempt from tuition fees, while the abolition of tuition for all students is not realistic. 文中同义替换

1. attend university, receive a college education, do not enroll, higher education, complete a degree, (finish assignments, pass exams, fail their exams from time to time), gain the qualification on time, primary and secondary education (reduce illiteracy, prepare the next generation for university-level courses), enroll in post-graduate courses, university-level courses,

2. students, the disadvantaged, young people,

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3. promote technological innovations, find employment easily in the future, acquire knowledge and skills, improve their career prospects, close the gap between haves and have-nots, help build a fair society, make it difficult for them to reach their potential,

4. learning costs, pay tuition, receive financial assistance from the government, financial cost, in cases where they have free access to education, charge tuition fees, from less well-off backgrounds, be exempt(ed) from tuition,

5. support government spending on education, lighten the burden on the government, money can be used in, subsidies can be provided for those who, the investment in these talented young people,

6. take this educational opportunity seriously, make a conscious effort to, will possibly take it for granted, have an incentive to ..., force them to …, 18 禁止广告

全文翻译18：广告+简单句 agree or disagree.

在现代世界，许多孩子都接触到大量的广告。这些广告鼓励他们购买许多小吃，玩具和电子游戏，我同意应该甚至禁止针对儿童的广告。

如果针对儿童的广告活动得到规范，儿童不会为了让他们的父母为他们购买许多商品而不去纠缠他们。孩子们对价格不敏感，也没有意识到玩具，时装等广告宣传的产品是一笔不小的开支。如果他们没有广告轰炸，他们不会唠叨他们的父母购买那些昂贵的产品。这对生活在巨大压力下的低收入家庭尤其重要。

广告还负责许多孩子的行为问题和生活方式问题。比如，有些孩子喜欢吃快餐，因为他们每天都被快餐广告淹没。他们也沉迷于在电视上广告的暴力电子游戏，玩这些游戏可以使他们具有侵略性和激情。彻底禁止这些广告可以帮助减少在校园里的不良行为，比如欺凌和诅咒。

Advertisement aimed at children should be banned. To what extent you

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另一方面，我们应该认识到广告的优势。例如有些广告传播有关牛奶和麦片等营养食品的信息，还有很多销售有教育价值的书籍，游戏和玩具的广告。家长可以从商业广告中购买最好的产品，但是他们不了解市场上的选择。

总体而言，我同意各国应该规范甚至禁止那些促进下一代产品销售的广告。 英文全文

Many children are exposed to a large number of advertisements in the modern world. These advertisements have encouraged them to buy many snacks, toys and video games, and I agree that advertisements aimed at children should be restricted or even banned.

If advertising campaigns directed at children are regulated, children will not pester their parents to buy many goods for them. Children are not sensitive to prices, and do not realise that the products promoted by advertisements, such as toys and fashionable clothes, can cost a fortune. If they are not bombarded with advertisements, they will not nag their parents to purchase those expensive products. This is particularly important to low income families who have been living under enormous pressure.

Advertisements are also responsible for many behavioural problems and lifestyles issues among the children. For instance, some children like fast food since they are overwhelmed by fast food advertisements every day. They are also addicted to violent electronic games, which are advertised on television, and playing these games can make them aggressive and temperamental. Imposing an outright ban on these advertisements can help reduce poor behaviour, such as bullying and cursing, on campus. On the other hand, we should recognise one advantage of advertisements. For example, some advertisements disseminate information about nourishing food like milk and cereal, and there are also many commercials selling books, games and toys of educational value. Parents can purchase

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the best products with information from commercials, when they do not have knowledge about the options available in the market.

Overall, I agree that governments should regulate or even ban those advertisements which boost the sales of products harmful to the next generation. 文中同义替换

1. are exposed to, be bombarded with ads, be overwhelmed by ads every day,

2.banned, restricted, regulated, impose an outright ban on,

3. advertisements, ads campaigns be advertised on TV, commercials, with information from commercials, the products promoted by ads, directed at children, aimed at children, among children,

snacks, toys, video games, goods, fashionable clothes, nourishing food (milk and cereal), toys of educational value, 3. pester/nag their parents to buy,

4. purchase expensive products, low income families, live under enormous pressure, cost a fortune, 5. behavioural problems (, addicted to violent electronic games, aggressive and temperamental),reduce poor behaviour(bullying, cursing on campus), lifestyle issues

6. disseminate information about, do not have knowledge about the option available in the market, 19 商品进口

全文翻译19：进口产品+并列句的写作

In some countries, it is now possible for people to buy products made in other countries. To what extent do the benefits of this development outweigh the problems

随着世界日益全球化，越境商品的交换正以惊人的速度发展。从我的角度来看，这一发展可以帮助提高消费者的生活水平。

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来自外国的产品价格极具竞争力，物超所值。主要原因是出口这些商品的公司通常都有降低生产成本的技术和诀窍，以确保这些产品的高度支付得起的。例如，中国专门生产纺织品，所以中国制造的服装，床单和鞋子通常比世界上许多地方的本地同行便宜。

另一个好处是进口商品对国内制造商的主导地位和竞争加剧挑战，从而迫使这些生产商降价。对国内的顾客来说是有好处的，因为他们可以少花钱购买生活中必不可少的产品，生活成本就会下降。这对于生活在紧张预算中的人们和那些需要养家糊口的人尤其重要。

进口商品的不利之处在于外国品牌可以从当地企业窃取市场份额，导致一些国内产业发展不足。这些品牌几十年来一直处于全球市场，吸引了本地消费者在功能，包装，技术和售后服务方面具有明显的优势。例如，戴尔，苹果，惠普等世界知名电脑及电子产品生产商征服了众多市场，这些国际品牌的到来导致了国内厂商的破产。这对自足经济的发展是有害的。

总之，从其他国家进口产品的总体效果是积极的。消费者可以以较低的成本购买东西，尽管一些本地公司可能会被关闭。 英文全文

As the world is increasingly globalised, the exchange of commodities across the border is proceeding at an astounding rate. From my point of view, this development can help improve living standards of consumers. The products from foreign countries are competitively priced and offer good value for money. The main reason is that the companies that export these goods normally have the technology and know-how to reduce the cost of production to ensure that these products are highly affordable. For example, China specializes in the production of textile products so China-made clothes, bed linen and footwear are usually cheaper than local counterparts in many parts of the world.

Another benefit is that imported goods have challenged domestic manufactures' dominance and intensified competition, thereby forcing

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these producers to cut prices. It is beneficial to domestic customers because they can spend less on products essential to their lives such food, and the cost of living will decline. This is particularly important to people who live on a tight budget and those who need to feed a big family. The downside of importing goods is that foreign brands can steal market share from local companies and lead to the underdevelopment of some domestic industries. These brands have been in the global marketplace for many decades, and they have attracted local consumers with clear advantages in functions, packaging, technology and after-sale services. For instance, Dell, Apple, HP and other world famous producers of computers and electronic products have conquered many markets and the arrival of these international brands has resulted in domestic manufacturers' bankruptcy. This is harmful to the development of a self-contained economy.

In conclusion, the overall effect of importing products from other countries is positive. Consumers can buy something at a lower cost, although some local firms may be shut down.

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20 全球语言

全文翻译20：英文全球语言+状语从句

The advantage brought by the spread of English as a “global language” will outweigh the disadvantages.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view.

英语已经发展成为一种全球性的语言，被用作世界各地跨文化交流的工具。世界范围内这种语言的流行可以从积极的角度来看待，尽管它可能有其负面影响。 全球范围内广泛使用英语有助于促进国际合作，因为它使人们能够克服全球背景下的语言障碍。企业家可以一起开展业务，讨论如何建立一个公司，并进口产品，不管他们的母语。而且，许多国际会议和学术团体已经将英语确定为主要语言。这意味着学者们可以分享知识和想法，甚至合作完成不同领域的研究项目。 另外，英语的优势可以帮助人们扩大知识面，拓宽视野。全球约80％的网站都以英文发表文章，掌握这种语言的人可以在网上阅读新闻，杂志和书籍，了解更多有关世界的信息。他们可以轻松游遍世界各地，加深对这些地方习俗的了解。 尽管英语对全球化有贡献，但它被认为是文化多样性丧失的主要罪魁祸首。这个想法是因为世界上许多地方的年轻人努力学习英语，而不是母语。一些小语种最终可能会消亡。传统的疗法，食谱，宗教习俗和讲这些语言的人保存的仪式也是如此。如果一些文化消失，我们对世界的了解将会受到。

总而言之，英语在不同国家的人们之间的交流与合作中发挥着至关重要的作用，尽管有人怀疑英语会危害少数民族语言。 英文全文

English has developed into a global language, which has been used as a vehicle for cross-cultural communication all over the world. The prevalence of this language worldwide can be viewed in a positive light, although it might have its negative effect.

The extensive use of English worldwide helps promote international cooperation, as it enables people to overcome language barriers in the global setting. Entrepreneurs can conduct business together and discuss

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how to set up a company and import products, regardless of their native languages. Moreover, English has been identified as the main language by many international conferences and academic groups. This means scholars can share knowledge and ideas or even cooperate to complete projects in different areas of studies.

In addition, the dominance of English can help people expand knowledge and broaden horizons. About 80% of the world's websites publish articles in English, so people who master this language can read news, magazines and books on the web and learn more about the world. They can travel in different parts of the world with ease and deepen their understanding of customs of these places.

Despite the contribution of the English language to globalisation, it is considered as the main culprit of the loss of cultural diversity. The idea lies in the fact that young people in many parts of the world make an effort to study English, instead of their mother tongue. Some less spoken languages may eventually die out, so will those traditional therapies, recipes, religious practices and ceremonies which are preserved by people speaking these languages. Our knowledge of the world will be limited, if some cultures disappear.

In conclusion, English plays a vital role in communication and cooperation among people from different countries, although some people suspect that English will endanger some minority languages. 21 指导健康生活

全文翻译21：生活方式+名词性从句/定语从句

Some people say that the government should ensure that people lead a healthy life, while others believe that individuals should have their own choice

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

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健康的生活方式是重要的，因为它直接关系到我们的尊严和幸福。虽然很多人把生活方式选择视为个人问题，但我认为除非干预，否则他们不会采取健康的生活方式。

有些人坚持要自由决定如何过日子，否则，他们会不高兴。他们有激励发展和保持健康的习惯，认为这些习惯可以给他们的生活带来乐趣。例如，有些人可能会增加水果和蔬菜的摄入量以保持健康，如果他们对自己的外表有信心，他们就会有积极的生活态度，享受丰富的社会生活。相反，如果他们被迫遵循的生活方式指引，他们将承受巨大的压力。

另一方面，有人认为，加强对一些行为的监管，特别是那些已被证明对健康有害的行为，则更为重要。有许多人缺乏自律。例如，他们吸烟，虽然吸烟危害他们的健康是常识。除非征收烟草税，禁止公民吸烟，否则他们不会戒烟。 在我看来，应该负责教育公众做什么和提供指导。人们应该充分了解他们的生活方式如何受到损害。例如，如果开展宣传运动，以表达久坐的工作会对健康产生不利影响，并降低预期寿命，上班族将尝试定期锻炼身体。宣传活动也应该提供关于吃快餐引起的健康问题的信息，所以消费者要注意健康饮食和食品包装上的营养信息。 英文全文

The healthy lifestyle is important because it has a direct bearing on our dignity and well-being. Although many people regard lifestyle choices as a personal matter, I do not think they will adopt a healthy lifestyle unless the government intervenes.

Some people insist that they should have freedom to decide how to live their lives; otherwise, they will be unhappy. They have the incentive to develop and maintain healthy habits believing that these habits can bring enjoyment to their lives. For example, some may increase the intake of fruit and vegetables to keep fit/stay in shape, and if they are confident in their physical appearance, they will have a positive attitude towards life and

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enjoy a rich social life. Conversely, they will live under enormous pressure, if they are forced to follow the government's lifestyle guideline.

On the other hand, it is sometimes argued that tightening regulation on some behaviours, especially those which have been proven to be damaging to health, is more important. There are many people who lack self-discipline. For example, they smoke, although it is common knowledge that smoking endangers their health. They would not quit smoking, unless the government imposes the tobacco tax and forbids citizens to smoke publicly.

In my view, the government should be responsible for educating the public about what to do and offering guidance. People should be well-informed about how damaging their ways of life can be. For example, office workers will try to exercise regularly, if the government launches campaigns to convey the message that a sedentary job can affect health adversely and reduce life expectancy. Awareness campaigns should also provide information about the health problems caused by eating fast food, so consumers will pay attention to healthy eating and the nutritional information on food packaging carefully.

22 换工作

全文翻译22：工作稳定+标点符号

Today, people do not always work for the same job. Why does it happen and how do people prepare for job insecurity.

在这个瞬息万变的世界里，期待永久工作已经不再现实了。人们应该采取行动来应对工作不安全的挑战，无论他们决定改变工作还是被雇主解雇。

在工作的世界中有许多不可预测的因素，雇主不得不裁员。例如在经济衰退的时代，公司为了降低运营成本，不得不裁员，这意味着大量的人将会失业。技术发展得如此之快，许多人都没有提高技能来满足雇主的要求。例如，他们中的一些

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人可能会失业，原因很简单，他们不了解最新一代的软件，无法跟上工作场所的变化。

为什么很少有人期望终生做同一份工作的另一个原因是他们对不同的职业感兴趣。他们为不同的公司工作，以发现他们的才能和发挥潜力。虽然有些人宁愿为大公司工作，在那里他们可以提高技能，增加收入，但有些人可能会选择为新创公司工作，而他们在这些公司中担任更多的责任。

由于就业前景的不确定性，在职者不得不关注两大问题。他们应该磨练自己的技能，接受教育，确保他们能适应瞬息万变的世界。一个例子是因为许多公司在全球化的世界中运作而参加第二种语言课程的普及程度。除此之外，他们还应该省钱去应付所有因失业而引起的财务问题。如果有足够的储蓄，如果他们找不到工作，他们甚至可以经营自己的企业。

总而言之，动荡的商业环境和不可阻挡的技术进步已经导致就业市场的不可预测性。解决这些问题包括工作培训和健全的财务规划。 英文全文

In this rapidly changing world, it is no longer realistic to expect to have a permanent job. People should take action to cope with the challenges of job insecurity, whether they decide to change their jobs or they are dismissed by their employers.

There are so many unpredictable factors in the world of work that employers have to downsize the workforce. For example, in the times of economic recession, companies have to lay off some employees in order to reduce the running cost, which means that a large number of people will lose their jobs. Technology has been developing so fast that many people have failed to upgrade their skills to meet the requirements of their employers. Some of them may lose employment, for example, for the simple reason that they do not have the knowledge about the newest generation of software and cannot keep pace with the changes in the workplace.

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Another reason why few people expect to stay in the same job for a lifetime is that they are interested in a varied career. They work for different companies in order to discover their talents and fulfill their potential. While some prefer to work for large companies, where they can improve skills and increase earnings, some may choose to work for start-ups, in which they are trusted with more responsibilities.

Because of the uncertainty about job prospects, working adults have to pay attention to two major issues. They should sharpen their skills and receive education to ensure that they can adapt to an ever-changing world. One example is the popularity of attending courses to acquire a second language because many companies operate in a globalised world. In addition to this, they should save money to cope with all financial matters arising from unemployment. With sufficient savings, they can even run their own businesses, if they fail to find employment.

To summarise, the turbulent business environment and the unstoppable technological progress have accounted for the unpredictability of the job market. Solutions to these problems include job training and sound financial planning.

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