创新性人才培养模式的研究

ZHANG Liying 1, 2, FAN Yadong2

1. Social Psychology of Jilin University Philosophy and Social Science Institute, P. R. China, 130012 ，

2.North-east Agricultural University, P. R. China, 150030

2. Cheng Dong College of North-east Agricultural University, P. R. China, 150030

Abstract: For implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development and pushing forward the

coordinated economic and social development, issues related to talents are fundamental, decisive and of

overall importance. According to the analysis on the need of economics and management talents, this paper raised clear the quality requirements for economics and management talents training in

independent colleges and drought up the training mode for innovative economics and management talents of independent colleges.

Keywords: the Scientific Outlook on Development, independent colleges, economics and management

majored talents, an innovative training mode 1 Introduction

According to the Report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China by President Hu Jintao, the Scientific Outlook on Development takes development as its essence, putting people first as its core, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development as its basic requirement,

and overall consideration as its fundamental approach.[1]The essence and spirit of the scientific outlook

on Development put people first instead of materials. To promote the coordinate development between

economy and society, it is vital to understand and grasp the connotation of the scientific outlook on Development and put it into practice. Human resources is a fundamental, overall and decisive problem.

[2]With the advancement of knowledge-based economy, the acceleration of the process of global

economic integration and the technological innovation, the human society in facing a deep change. Also,

the change happened in universities and colleges which undertake the service of education and research

for the society. With the continuous deepening of education reform, the mode and investment

mechanism of higher education have made a breakthrough, with the result of the born of independent colleges, which is the inevitable result of the transition from elite education to popular education as well

as the need of education reform and development. [3]In the entrance of 21st century, the education for

economic and management major faced the unprecedented challenge. And how to reform the present

mode for training undergraduate college students in independent colleges and change of the training goal to achieve the level of improving students’ learning ability, practical ability, creativity and intelligence is a focus in China’s education circle. 2 The importance of training innovative talents

Innovation sustains the progress of a nation. Facts also prove that the economic development comes from innovation. Parted from innovated technology and industry, the economic development would be

like water without water, a tree without roots. Universities and Colleges are the main force to improve a

country’s science and technology level as well as an important component for the innovation of education system. They are the cradles of nurturing high quality and innovative talents and they are also

provide scientific bases for people to get to know the unknown world and searching for the truth. Further on, they are the bridge to support the communication between the foreign advanced culture and

China’s traditional culture.

2.1. Cultivating innovative talents is the need of the present situation both home and abroad. 419

From the perspective of the world situation, the first distinct feature is the integration tendency of international economy is more obvious. With the leadership of main developed countries, human beings

are stepping into the era of knowledge economy. This requires that the talents that we trained must process the international outlook and the vision of mankind, understand the world situation and hot topics, and with the ability to communicate with foreign cultures both innovatively and practically. 2.2 Cultivating innovative talents is the inevitable results of the full implementation of quality education in the field of higher education.

From the perspective of China, the first point is that our higher education has stepped in the popular phase and it is the primary requirement to fully implement the quality education. And the second point is

that the Party Central Committee put forward the objective to become an innovation-type country, and

two related strategies. One is developing the country by relying on science and education, and the other

is building up the strength of the country with talented people. Under this circumstance, the higher education is responsible for cultivating a large number of senior specialists and top-notch talents with innovative ideas. In addition, since A Socialist Market Economic Structure initially formed in china, it requires consideration of the higher education on the demand for different types of majors and composition of knowledge from the society, parents and students.

The three aspects decide that universities and colleges must fully implement the quality education, and the independent colleges specially should pay more attention on both vocational education and general

education, which focus on developing students’ innovation spirit and practical ability. 3 Constructing the training mode for innovative talents of business administration major

The training objectives of business administration major students of independent colleges are: gaining basic professional knowledge, theory, methodology and skills; possessing solid curriculum knowledge as well as a wide knowledge with high comprehensive quality, adaptability and potential; wealth to the pioneering spirit and developed comprehensively with knowledge related to management, economy, basic law theory and modern business administration; being able to take charge of economic related tasks in companies, industries and governments.

The innovative talents in economic and management majors are not only comprehensively developed talents but also fully developed talents. Further on, they are the talents to contribute to the society both

materially and spiritually. In this case, colleges and universities have to start from a practical point and take practical measures to promote the development of innovative talents both strenuously and

effectively. From this point of view, the innovative mode should start the training from the following channels:

3.1 Constructing an innovative and practical training mode which is market-oriented.

It is the nuclear to construct an innovative and practical training mode which is market-oriented. Aiming

to train economic management specialists, who possess solid academic foundation with high quality and

flexible adaptation to new changes and profound potential capacity, During the academic discipline constriction of independent institutes, it is necessary to meet the need and changes of the society, orientate correctly, tamp the foundation, expand the enrollment, integrate systematically and improve qualities, so as to cultivate practical economic management specialists. 3.1.1. Establish the concept of “overall management”.

With the development of market economic, the setting of majors and curriculum of economic

management education need to shake off the shackles of traditional and limited educational concepts. Furthermore, it should focus on “overall circulation” and “overall management”, and provide services to

various types of enterprises in the market through integration and innovation of economic management

education. This transition requires widening the students’ knowledge domain in order to make them more qualified for their careers. Infiltrating this kind of conception into running economic management

education, the normal standard of solid academic foundation with high quality and flexible adaptation to 420

new changes and profound potential capacity would not be good enough. Given the management practices of enterprises in the market, the economic management education should cultivate students’

abilities and spirit to inquiry, grasp opportunities, forge ahead, cooperate, and improve performance. [4]

3.1.2. Constructing a training plan for application-oriented talents which focus on developing innovation ability.

Only the innovative and application-oriented talents with comprehensive quality can meet the

requirements of social development. The independent colleges should continuously perfect their training

plans according to the requirements of targeting training. Firstly, constructing a comparatively complete

and systematic teaching system to consolidate students’ basic theory and equip the students with necessary social science and scientific knowledge. Secondly, constructing a practical teaching system composed of curriculum internship, curriculum design, production practice, graduation internship and graduation design, this can nurture students’ practical ability. [5]Thirdly, independent colleges should choose curriculum and its system which are based on the needs of fostering students’ professional and

practical capabilities. Fourthly, the independent colleges should construct a teaching system that will expand the students’ professional capability and can go through the whole process of study. 3.1.3 The design of the majors should be market-oriented and highlights the character of practical. When designing majors, the independent colleges should carry out some research activities and organize

hold diagnosis meeting and try to meet the needs of the development of local economy and the society.

3.1.4. Exploring the new approaches and methodologies which combine theory teaching and practice. To better training innovative and practical talents, independent colleges need to change traditional training mode and increase investment on practice teaching. What’s more, independent colleges also should search for new approaches to combine school education, society, and business education together.

Firstly, we can start experimental reform class to meet the need of the market. For example, some college let companies directly take part in the process of deciding the curriculum of certain subjects and

all the students of the class had been occupied when graduate. Secondly, encourage teachers’ research

and thus promote their teaching, making research and cultivating innovative talents interact properly. When constructing the curriculum, we should highlight the economic and management feature, making

curriculum construction not only serving local economy, but also immerse into teaching process. Thirdly,

induct teachers doing practices in various ways and take part in the management of businesses, which will help the teachers to master more practical skills and introduce more practical questions into the teaching process. Teachers of economic and management majors can have a deep research in the companies and try to update their knowledge and skills. The examinations can be mainly project analysis for a business rather than theoretical tests in class. The last point is that we should invite

successful businessmen and entrepreneurs to be part-time teachers to take part in certain teachings and

experiments.

3.2 Constructing a teaching mode with the aim to cultivate innovative talents

3.2.1 The traditional teaching approach whose core idea is imparting knowledge systematically should be changed.

Interaction teaching models emphasizing participation, inspiration, and discussion should be

promoted.

Besides, case study, on-site inspection, simulated training, and bilingual teaching should also be encouraged to explore research-based teaching and inquiry-based study and a seminar course. Only through shifting our focus from imparting knowledge to students to inspiring students can we make students from a life-long ability to study and innovate, thus fight a place for independent colleges in the market.

3.2.2 Constructing a mode to combine first class with the second classroom.

Giving credits to the second class and inspire the students with its practical and innovative feature. We

should also set up a mechanism to combine education with teaching and make internship, social practice,

scientific research, competitions and association experience credits and plan them systematically. Related principles should be made to encourage students develop their own strong points.

3.2.3 Carrying out overall credit system which with comprehensive class selection system and give students more choices which including major direction, curriculum levels and study progress. 421

Independent colleges should stress personalized teaching which aims at training innovative talents and promote the students to master cross-subject knowledge through self curriculum design and attending cross-subject classes.

3.2.4 Forming classes which training different skills and strengthen the foster of talents who are

innovative and cross-subject. Such as starting second major in form of minor and double diploma and let

students of economic and management major study other majors to meet the needs of the society for compound and innovative talents. Students with business sense and business background can be selected

by attending entrepreneurial talent incubator classes.

3.3 Effective approaches for cultivating innovative talents 3.3.1 Strengthen the education for the sense of innovation.

For students of economic and management majors, education that can strengthen their spirit of

innovation is necessary. Secondly, students should be taught as the subject of innovation and try to break

the bound of relaying on stability.

3.3.2 Strengthen the training of innovative thinking.

Thinking has a character of being beyond time and apace and that's the origin of all the creativities. To

generate the innovative thinking, we must combine divergent thinking with the polymerization of thinking. Furthermore, capability of thinking in images must be trained by combing association of ideas

with imagination imagery and inspired thinking can be trained by combing intuitive understanding with

inspiring inspiration.

3.3.3 Focusing on the cultivation of innovative ability.

Innovation ability can be reflected by the ability to take in knowledge, which means not only how

much

knowledge one has gained but also to what extent can he internalize the knowledge into his own

cultivation and a indivisible part of himself. The innovative ability is also reflected on one’s ability to understand the surroundings and the mastery of knowledge to be gained in the future. 3.3.4 Focusing on the cultivation of one’s personality.

The so called innovative personality is a kind of modern personality or entrepreneur personality which is

the internalization of emotion, will, ideal and belief of a innovative talent. During the cultivating of innovative personality, we should not only induct students to form self-confidence during progress but

also induct them to establish a optimistic attitude toward life when they are facing frustrations and conflicts between different interests. 4 Conclusion

The Scientific Outlook on Development is an important strategy formed by the CPC Central Committee

with Comrade Hu Jintao as its General Secretary in the new historical conditions. It serves as the lamp

for the better and faster economic and social development in the future, and the important guidance for

all fields of endeavor. [6] In accordance with the spirit and requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development, the key point of realizing the better and faster development of independent colleges is to

solve three major issues that are to put people first, give prominence to the characteristics of

independent colleges, and train innovative, application-oriented talents meeting the requirements of social development. Therefore, in the process of training the innovative talents, independent colleges must establish a new mechanism which adapts to the training of the innovative economic management

talents. Through changing the educational thinking, getting rid of the traditional concept of talents, fostering the new concept of innovative talents, updating the teaching contents and reforming the teaching methods, an evaluation index system in favor of innovative talents should be established, with

the sense of innovation, innovative capacity and other factors being included, to form a relaxed academic atmosphere that allows a variety of academic thinking to be fully discussed. Based on the analysis on the demand of professionals of economic management in the new situation, it is firstly requested to establish workflow of the basic training courses of economic management personnel, carry

out the diversification of teaching, and gradually form a training plan for economic management talents

on the popular education platform. Secondly, a support system composed of human resources, material 422

resources and environmental resources should be set up with the focus on the innovative,

application-based talents of economic management in the popular education. Lastly, quality supervision

and system evaluation of the previous two processes of systems should be conducted. Thereby, a unique

training mode of independent colleges for economic management personnel will be established. References

[1]Hu Jintao. Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, Strive for New Victories of A Well-off Society- Report at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China , People’s Daily, 2007,1:10-16（in Chinese）

[2]Ha Sa and Zhou Xiuqing. Implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, Improve the Efficiency

of Talent Cultivation , Shanxi Broadcasting and Television University Academic Journal, 2008, 9: 6-7 (in Chinese)

[3]Liu Cuixiu. The Emergence, Development and Reasons of Independent Colleges , Continue Education Research, 2005, 4 :153-156( in Chinese)

[4]Dai Fengyan, Huang Jianxin. Thinking on the Reformation of the Teaching Contents of the Training

of Business and Management Personnel ,Technology Ground, 2007, 10: 186-187( in Chinese)

[5]\"Pilot Study Research on the Experimental Program of Teaching Reform of Agricultural Economics

and Management \" Pilot Study Research Group. Practice and Thinking on Teaching Reform of Agricultural Economics and Management , Border Economy and Culture, 2005, 1: 99-102(in Chinese)

[6]Qian Zhijia, Xiao Ling. The Scientific Outlook on Development: the new mode of social

development, Anhui University Academic Journal (journal of philosophical and social science), 2009,

1:12-16(in Chinese)

在学院主修经济和管理学的创新人才培养模式的研究

张丽英1，2，范亚东2

1，中国吉林大学社会心理学哲学与社会科学研究所，130012 2，中国东北农业大学，150030 2，中国东北农业大学城东学院，150030

摘要：为贯彻落实科学发展观，推进经济和社会协调发展，人才问题是基本的、决定性的和整体重要性的。根据经济学和管理人才需求的分析，本文明确提出对学院培训的经济和管理学人才质量的需求，以及在学院经济与管理学创新人才培训模式中的不足。 关键词：科学发展观，学院，经济管理专业人才，创新人才培养模式

1，引言

根据中国党第十七次全国代表大会家的报告，科学发展观第一要义是发展，核心是以人为本，基本要求是全面协调可持续，根本方法是统筹兼顾。[1]科学发展观的本质和精神是以人为本，而不是物质。推动经济、社会的协调发展，至关重要的是落实科学发展观。人才是一个基础性、全局性和决定性的问题。[2]随着知识型经济的进步和全球经济一体化进程及科技创新的加速，人类社会面临深刻变革。此外，变革发生在承接为社会服务的教育和研究的高校。随着教育改革的不断深化，高等教育的模式和投资机制取得了突破性进展，学院的诞生是从“精英教育”向大众化教育教育改革和发展所需要的转型的必然

[3]

结果。在进入21实际，经济与管理专业的教育面临着前所未有的挑战。如何改革现行训练本科院校学生在学院和改变训练目标的模式，来实现提高学生的学习能力，实践能力，创造力和智力的水平成为中国教育界的一个焦点。 2，培养创新性人才的重要性

创新维系一个民族进步的。事实也证明，经济发展源于创新。离开了技术和产业的创新，经济发展将像无水之湖，无根之木。高校是提高国家科技水平的主力军，也是教育创新的一个重要组成部分。他们是培养高素质创新人才的摇篮，为人们去认识未知世界，寻找真理提供科学依据。进一步说，他们是促进外国先进文化和中国传统文化交流的桥梁。

2.1，培养创新性人才是当前国内外形势的需要。

从世界形势来看，第一个特点是国际经济一体化的趋势越来越明显。随着主要发达国家的带领，人类正在步入知识经济时代。这就要求我们必须按照国际观点和人类洞察力来训练人才，了解世界形势和热点话题，拥有与外来文化的创新和实践的交流能力。

2.2，在高等教育领域培养创新性人才是全面实施素质教育的必然结果。

从中国的角度来看，第一点是我们的高等教育已经进入流行阶段，它是全面实施素质教育的首要要求。第二点是党提出的目标是要成为一个创新性的国家，并且提出两个相关的战略：一是依靠科技和教育发展国家，另一个是依靠人才增强国家实力。在这种情况下，高等教育是大量培养具有创新理念的资深专家和拔尖人才。此外，在中国由于社会主义市场经济初步形成，它需要对不同类型的专业需求的高等教育的审议和社会，家长和学生的知识构成。这三个方面决定大学和学院必须全面落实素质教育，学院特别要更加重视职业教育与普通教育，它着眼于发展创新精神和实践能力。 3，的主要事务是创新性人才培养模式的构建

学院工商管理专业学生的培养目标是：获得基本的专业知识、理论、方法和技能;拥有扎实的课程知识以及较高综合素质，强适应性的和潜力的广泛知识;富于开拓进取，全面开发与管理、经济、法律基本理论和现代企业管理相关的知识，能够在企业、行业和主管与经济相关的任务。在经济和管理专业的创新性人才不仅要全面发展人才，还要充分开发人才。此外，他们是在物质上和精神上都对社会作出贡献的人才。在这种情况下，高校纷纷开始依据实际情况采取切实措施竭力有效地促进创新人才的发展。从这个角度来看，创新模式应该依据以下培训方式：

3.1，构建以市场为导向的创新性和实用性的培训模式。

它是构建以市场为导向的创新性和实用性培训模式为核心。针对培养经济管理专家，他们拥有高品质的坚实的学术基础和灵活地适应新的变化和深远的潜在能力，在学院学科收缩前提下，这是满足社会需求和变化所必要的。以正确方向，夯实基础，扩大招生，系统集成和提高素质，来培养实用的经济管理专家。 3.1.1，建立“整体管理”的概念。

随着市场经济的发展，经济管理专业和课程设置必须摆脱传统并从有限的教育观念的桎梏中出来。此外，还应该注重“整体循环”和“整体管理”，并在市场中提供服务的各类企业通过一体化和经济管理的教育创新。这种过渡需要拓展学生的知识领域，以使他们更有资格适合自己的职业生涯。在投入运行的经济管理教育中渗入这种立意，高品质的扎实学术基础的正常标准，灵活适应新的变化以及深远的潜在能力是不够的。鉴于企业管理在市场上的做法，经济管理教育应该培养学生探索能力和精神，抓住机遇，开拓进取，合作互助，并提高性能[4]

3.1.2，构建为重点发展创新能力的应用型人才的培训计划。

只有综合素质的创新和应用型人才，能满足社会发展的要求。学院应根据培养目标定位的要求不断完善其培训计划。首先，构建一个较为完整的、系统化的教学体系，以巩固学生的基本理论并掌握必要的社会科学和科技知识。其次，构建实践教学体系，由实习课程、课程设计、生产实践、毕业实习和毕业设计组成，这样可以培养学生的实践能力。[5]第三，学院应基于培养学生的专业和实践能力的需要选择课程。第四，学院应构建一个教学系统，它可以扩大学生的专业能力，并可以通过全过程的研究。

3.1.3，专业的设计应以市场为导向，突出实践特点。

当设计专业时，学院应开展一些研究活动，并组织召开诊断会议，并尽量满足当地经济发展和社会的需要。

3.1.4，结合理论教学和实践探索新的方式和方法

为了更好地培养创新实用性人才，学院需要改变传统的实践教学培训模

式，并增加投资。更何况，学院也应该寻找新的方法，将学校教育，社会和企业教育结合起来。首先，我们可以开始改革试点班，以满足市场的需要。例如，有些大学让企业直接参与某些学科课程的决定进程，当他们毕业时，所有此类的学生都已被占用。其次，鼓励教师研究从而促进自己的教学，研究和培养创新性人才的正常互动。当构建课程时，我们应该突出经济和管理功能，使得课程建设不仅为当地经济服务，也沉浸到教学过程中。第三，以各种方式引导教师实践并参与企业管理，这将帮助教师掌握更多的实用技能，并在教学过程中引入更多的实际问题。经济和管理专业的教师能在公司深入研究并尝试更新自己的知识和技能。考试主要项目是对于一个企业的分析，而不是在课堂上的理论测试。最后一点是，我们应该邀请成功的商人和企业家作为兼职教师，参与在某些教义和实验的一部分。

3.2，构建一种以培养创新性人才为目的的教学模式，

3.2.1，以传授知识为核心思想的传统教学方法的系统应被改变。

应提倡互动的教学模式，强调参与、启发和讨论。此外，案例研究、现场检查、模拟训练和双语教学也应被鼓励，可用在探索研究型与探究式的学习及研讨会课程。只有将我们的工作重点从知识的传授转移到启发学生，才能使其从具有终身学习和创新能力，从而在市场上为学院争取一席之地。 3.2.2，构建第一课堂与第二课堂相结合的模式。

给第二课堂的学分，激发学生的实际和创新的特点。我们也应该设立一个机制，把教育教学和实习结合起来，社会实践，科研，竞赛和协会的经验学分并将它们系统地计划。相应的原则是鼓励学生发展自己的特长。

3.2.3，开展整体学分体系与全面的选拔制度，并给予学生更多的选择，包括主要方向，课程水平和学习进程。学院应强调个性化的教学，目的是培养创新性人才。通过自学课程设计和出席跨学科课程来促进学生掌握跨学科的知识。 3.2.4，根据不同的技能培训分班，加强创新和跨学科的人才培养。如在辅修和双文凭中开设第二专业，让经济和管理专业的学生主修其他课程，以满足社会的需求的复合型和创新性人才。被选择的学生有商业意识和商业背景，参加过创业型人才培养。

3.3，培养创新性人才的有效途径 3.3.1，加强创新意识教育。

对于经济和管理专业的学生，加强他们的创新精神的教育是必要的。其次，应以学生作为创新教育的主体，并尝试突破依靠稳定的约束。 3.3.2，加强创新思维训练。

思维具有超越时间和空间的特性，这是所有的创造力的来源。要产生创新的思维，我们必须要结合的聚合与发散性思维。此外，形象化的思维能力必须经过联想与想象相结合的训练，通过梳理直观的认识鼓舞人心中的灵感。 3.3.3，着眼于创新能力的培养。

创新能力可以体现在知识的能力上，这意味着不仅是一个人已经获得了多少知识，而且也能在一定程度上内化为自己的知识，成为自己的不可分割的一部分。创新能力也体现一个人了解周围环境和掌握未来将要获得的知识的能力。 3.3.4，着眼个性的培养。

所谓个性创新是指一种现代人格或企业家的个性，这是内化的情感、意志、理想和创新性人才的信仰。在培养个性创新时，我们不应该只引导学生在此过程中树立自信，也要引领他们在面对挫折和利益冲突时用对乐观的态度面对生活。

4，结束语

在新的历史条件下，科学发展观是以同志为总所提出的一个重要策略。它作为未来经济和社会更好更快发展的明灯，具有重要的指导意

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义。按照科学发展观的精神和要求发展，实现学院更好更快发展的关键要解决三大问题：坚持以人为本，突出学院特点，培养创新和满足社会发展要求的应用型人才。因此，在培养创新性人才时，学院必须建立一个新的机制，来适应经济管理人才创新培训。通过转变教育思想，摆脱传统的人才观念，培养创新性人才的新观念，更新教学内容和改革教学方法，建立一个有利于评价创新人才的指标体系，包括创新意识，创新能力及其他因素，形成一个宽松学术氛围，允许各种学术思想进行充分讨论。在新形势下的经济管理专业人才需求分析的基础上，它是首先要求建立经济管理人员的基本训练课程的工作流程，开展多样化教学，在流行的教育平台上逐步形成为培训经济管理人才的计划。其次，由人力资源，物力资源和环境资源组成的支持系统应被建立在创新的重点上，在大众化教育中基于应用型的经济管理人才。最后，应进行系统前两个过程的监督和系统评价。从而为经济管理人员建立一个独特的学院培训模式。 参考文献 [1]。《高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，力争中国党第十七次全国代表大会的小康社会的新胜利的报告》，人民日报，2007，1：10-16（中文） [2]哈萨和周秀清。《落实科学发展观，提高人才培养效益》，山西广播电视大学学术期刊，2008，9：6-7（中文） [3]刘翠袖。《学院的产生、发展及原因》，继续教育研究，2005，4：153-156（中文）

[4]戴凤燕，黄建新。《商业和管理人员培训教学内容改革的思考》，技术领域，2007，10： 186-187（中文） [5]实验研究小组的“农业经济管理教学改革实验方案研究”，农业经济管理教学改革的实践与思考》，边境经济与文化，2005年，1：99-102（中文） [6]钱治家，肖玲。《科学发展观：社会发展的新模式》，安徽大学学术期刊（哲学社会科学杂志），2009年，1:12-16（中文）