四六级听力原文

Transcript &Translation 听力原文及译文

Model Test 1

Internet-Based College English Test Band 4

News Item 1

Felicia Padley and her youngest daughter Jenny Ella are picking up free helpings of pasta, vegetables and other essentials at a Food Bank in Brooklyn, New York. Padley holds down a fulltime government job but still finds it hard to feed her family of four. She needs the pantry’s help now more than ever as her weekly food bill soars.

A year ago it’s like about 50 or 60 dollars I would spend at a grocery store and that would include meats, that would include vegetables, fruits, cereals stuff like that. But now I’m spending like a hundred dollars.

Rising food prices are hitting families across the United States hard. Over the past year, egg prices have risen almost 44 percent, fresh milk 21 percent, and poultry and beef more than 6 percent.

Economists say severe weather in the southern US and Australia is partly to blame for the jump in prices at food stores like this one behind me. But many are pointing to another culprit, energy, in particular the rising production of ethanol, a bio-fuel made from corn.

费利西亚·帕德利和她的小女儿詹妮·埃拉正在纽约布鲁克林粮食银行领取发放的免费面条，蔬菜和其他必需品。帕德利有一份全职的工作，但是仍然觉得很难养活一家四口。由于每周食物账单迅速增加，她现在比以往任何时候都需要帮助。

一年前，我每周在杂货店花费50或60美元就可以买到肉，蔬菜，水果，粮食等等。但是现在差不多要花100美元。

粮食价格上涨沉重打击了美国的许多家庭。在过去的一年，鸡蛋价格上涨了接近44%，鲜奶上涨21%，禽类和牛肉价格上涨了6%。 经济学家表示，这种现象应该部分归咎于美国南部和澳大利亚的恶劣天气，像是我身后这家食品店价格的上涨。但是许多人认为是由于另外一个罪魁祸首，能源，尤其是乙醇的产量增加，而这是一种用玉米制造的生物燃料。

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News Item 2

At the United Nations this week Gordon Brown announced a health care plan that will give 10 million people in poor countries access to free health care. The program, which will focus on women and children, comes as aid groups warn that in the developing world 500,000 women die needlessly during childbirth or pregnancy every year.

Also this week, a $24 million initiative was launched as part of the Clinton Global Initiative to give more economic power to women in the developing world.

The initiatives come only a week after the United Nations has consolidated four agencies that tackle women’s issues, creating a new super agency, the U.N. Development Fund for Women, or UNIFEM.

Up until now, the United Nations had agencies that focus on specific issues and groups, including children, the environment, refugees, health and education. But the groups targeted at women were dispersed and, many activists complained, lacked clout.

Widney Brown, senior director for policy at London-based Amnesty International, says the new powers given to UNIFEM are momentous.

本周戈登·布朗在联合国宣布了一项卫生保健计划，即让贫困国家的1，000万人接受免费的卫生保健。该计划以救助小组的形式出现，主要针对妇女和儿童，并提出警告，在发展中国家每年有500，000妇女在生育或是怀孕时不必要地死亡。

在本周，作为克林顿全球启动的一部分推出了2，400万美元启动资金，来给予发展中国家妇女更多的经济财力。

该启动资金在联合国合并了四个解决妇女问题的机构一周之后推出，与此同时建立了一个新的强大的机构——联合国妇女发展基金。

到目前为止，联合国已有包括针对儿童、环境、避灾难、健康和教育的特殊问题的机构和小组。但是许多积极分子抱怨，针对妇女的组织太分散，缺乏影响力量。

驻伦敦大赦国际负责的高级理事，威德尼·布朗说，给予UNIFEM的新财力是有重要意义的。

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News Item 3

Every year they have the annual toy fair, it’s happening right now in New York City and safety is the big issue this year, Jennifer Westhoven, Toys R Us says that it’s making the toys safer, what else do we know?

Well, we know, Robin, that they want stricter standards right, so they are talking about lower amounts of lead in any of the toys, they are talking about phasing out some dangerous chemicals including phthalate, that’s a vinyl additive, it’s been linked to solve problems in rats. They, obviously, all these companies that sell toys, they do not want any more of these awful headlines about recalls of millions of dangerous toys that are kids’ favorite, and that of course frightens parents right out of the toy aisle. Now, Toys R Us is actually, uh, you know, Walmart did this last week, and what’s happening is, most of these companies are trying to get out ahead of, they know what’s coming next week, next week the Federal Government is going to announce some national standards and all the toy companies, right, they don’t wanna look like they’re, they don’t meet federal standards, they wanna get out ahead of that.

每年都会举行年度玩具交易会，今年在纽约的玩具交易会上，安全是一大主要问题。詹妮弗· 维斯文，Toys R Us公司说他们正在让玩具更安全一些的，我们还了解到其他的什么吗？ 那么我们知道，罗宾，那些玩具公司希望有更严格的标准，因此他们是想降低玩具中铅的含量，他们正在谈论逐步淘汰，其中包括像是邻苯二甲酸酯这样的一些危险化学品，这是一种乙烯添加剂，它一般用来解决老鼠问题。很明显，所有出售玩具的这些公司，他们不希望看到任何有关召回数以百万计孩子们最喜欢的有毒玩具的可怕头条，这也吓坏了家长不会为孩子们买玩具。现在，Toys R Us确实召回了有毒玩具，嗯，你知道，沃尔玛在上周将有毒玩具撤了架。现在发生的事情是，这些公司大多数都早点解决问题，他们知道在下周联邦即将宣布一些国家标准，所有的玩具企业，当然，他们不希望能像现在一样，他们不符合联邦标准，他们想在标准下达之前把问题解决掉。

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Conversation

A: Did you know that the Internet could be a good exercise for the brain? A new study from UCLA finds it when middle age and senior age adults perform Internet searches, it activates many different areas of the brain including those involved with memory, decision making and reasoning. Joining us today is the lead author of a study looking at this—Dr. Gary Smalls and he’s also the author of the book iBrain, Surviving the technological alternation of the modern mind. Welcome Dr. Smalls. B: Thank you! It’s great to be here.

A: So, in my parents’ house, I have to tell you how it works. My mom and dad might sit up and at some point there is a discussion, hey you are on the Internet, quit surfing Internet. Can I, now tell my parents, it’s ok for dad to surf the Internet, it’s good for his brain?

B: Well, we don’t see any harm in it, and this first study to see what the brain looks like when it

searches on the Internet showed very dramatic results compared to just reading a book text page, there was much greater activation and particularly in the front part of the brain that controls complex reasoning and decision making.

A: That’s interesting, so it’s kind of, it can be crossword puzzle sounds like.

B: Right, it’s probably different from crossword puzzles but similar. One thing about when we are

searching on the web is we are constantly deciding should you go for this site or that other site, whereas if we’re just reading a book page, the decision is should I turn the page when I finish the last sentence. And there’s something about that decision making process, something about the interaction that is activating a much greater extent of brain neural circuits.

A: That’s interesting. Now what about ages where you’re looking at this kind of, I saw your study

was relatively small, it seemed to be 24 people on the stuff that I’ve read. Uh, what ages are we looking at and when does this become potentially neuro-preventive for people?

B: We don’t know whether it’s neuro-preventive and we don’t know about the age effects, but one

thing I focus on in iBrain, in my new book, is the digital divide between young people, digital natives who are getting this technology 24-7 born into it, and the older generation the digital immigrants who come to it more reluctantly later in life, and how do we bridge that so called brain gap by upgrading the text skills of older people and helping younger people with their face-to-face human contact skills.

A: It’s fascinating, we just have time for one last question, kind of common, but I’ve been

fascinated how able people in their 60s and 70s are really incorporating this new technology into their daily lives in Internet searching etc. It’s really been amazing to me to see how quickly that’s happened.

B: Well I encourage boomers and seniors to get involved in the technology to have fun with it and enjoy it, and it’s a great way to reach out to people who are not nearby, the communication ability is…(Absolutely) really spectacular.

A: Absolutely, sorry we are out of time, but thanks so much for coming to see us Dr. Smalls, love to hear what you had to say. Thank you!

A:你知道因特网对人的大脑是很好的锻炼？来自利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校一项新的研究表明当中老人在进行网络搜索时，能够激发大脑的包括涉及记忆、决策和推理许多不同区域。今天来到我们节目的是这项研究的领头发起人加里·斯莫尔斯博士，他也是iBrain《拯救

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现代大脑的科学交替》的作者。欢迎您，加里·斯莫尔斯。 B:谢谢！很高兴来到这。

A:在我父母家，我不得不告诉您会发生什么。我父母会坐在一起争论，喂你在上网，不要做了。我可以告诉我的父母，爸爸可以搜索网络，那有益于他的大脑吗？ B:是的，我们没有发现网络搜索有什么危害。这项新的研究发现了当大脑在做上网搜索与在只是读书时相比，大脑展示出了鲜明的结果。它能够产生更大的触发，尤其是在控制复杂推理和决策的大脑前方位置。

A:真有意思啊。所以听起来网络搜索像是纵横猜字谜。

B:对，它可能与纵横猜字谜不同但是相似。当我们在搜索引擎时，我们是在不断地决定应该浏览这个网站还是另外一个，然而如果当我们在读一页书，只是在读完最后一句话时再决定应该翻页。因而，这里存在着决策过程及引发更大范围的大脑神经系统循环的交互作用。 A:真有趣。目前你们正在研究的这种行为是针对什么年龄范围的，我发现你们的研究范围相对小一些，好像据我了解只有24人在研究范围内。我们现在研究是针对什么年龄范围的还有网络搜索会潜在地对人进行神经防护吗？

B:我们不知道网络搜索是否是神经防护，我们也不知道它的年龄效果。但是在我的新书iBrain中我着重阐述一件事情，他们之间的数字划分，年轻人是数字本土人他们出生技术时代，在这项研究中24个人占了7个，而老年人是数字移民者，他们到晚年更不愿接受这些技术，以及我们如何通过提升老年人发送信息的技能及帮助年轻人处理他们面对面人际交往的能力来消除所谓的大脑差异。

A:真是吸引人啊。我们还有一点时间留给最后一个问题，很普遍的一个问题，可是我一直都很好奇，60到70岁的老人怎么能够将这项新技术融合入他们的日常生活中。其发展速度，真的让我感到非常惊讶。

B:我鼓励婴儿潮出生的人和老年人参与到这种技术中开心地玩并享受其中的乐趣。这也是与远方的人进行联系的好办法。这种交流能力的确很惊人。

A:太对了。抱歉我们到时间了。但是非常感谢您来到我们这里加里·斯莫尔斯博士，非常欣赏您的发言。谢谢。

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Video

Now, should a library be a quiet place to read a book or a lively centre where you can hang out and drink coffee? And can it be both? Author Tracy Chevalier who is also chairman of the Society of Authors, told More4 News she is worried library is sacrificing books in favor of Internet access and other facilities. Museums, Libraries and Archives Council has just launched “a blueprint for excellence” for libraries, encouraging them to modernise and become more of a community space. But they’ve told More4 News, they think local authorities ought to buy more books. Nina Teggarty has more.

Tarred buildings and fusty librarians are out. Architectural icons and coffee bars are in. An extra 2 million pounds a year is being pumped into the UK’s library service. And this is what we are getting, easy new state-of-the-art buildings across the country and more Internet access. The Idea Store in East London epitomizes this new library vision. Just over a year old, it’s been nominated for various design prizes. But not everyone’s impressed. Tracy Chevalier, author of Girl With the Pearl Earring became worried when she entered.

“What’s a little concerning is that the books seem to be scattered so few and far between. And by far the most people were on the computer floor, using the computers. The Idea Store is not called the library any more. Is a library such a dirty word that we can’t use it? It’s, too, indicative of books, perhaps. Whereas the Idea Store gives it the sense, that is... actually, is begin indeed becoming a community centre, which is, uh, is fine. But what about all the, what about the people who wanna use it as a library? What really worries me, though, is that books are starting to be seen as unpopular, as boring, that somehow the library has to lure people in by saying: “We can give you cappuccino. You could watch a film. You could go to yoga class.”

And at the Idea Store you can do yoga. You can even learn dance and complementary therapy. Lots of Internet terminals also exist. Two years ago, 120-million-pound-lottery injection meant every library could invest in the internet.

“Where I live, I have just a very small public library and, um, I’ve noticed over the years that the... en, there are fewer and fewer shelves and more and more computers that’s just slowly taking over and there are fewer and fewer places to sit in and look at any books and there are fewer books.”

Is she right? Are books disappearing from our library shelves? Nina’s figures show that in the UK last year, while people visiting libraries increased, the number of books in libraries actually fell by 3%. And the amount spent on books and other reading material also dropped, compared that to near 20% rise in the money spent on online resources.

We interviewed Kate Mosse. She wrote Labyrinth, the biggest selling book of 2006. She welcomes the technological and social changes occurring in our libraries.

“Nearly 70 million people a year borrow DVDs, talking books, CD-ROMS, music, chip music from their local library. And actually more than 30 million people a year go along to use the computer network to have Internet access. Many people have that sense of peace and quiet in the library. But at the same time, they don’t understand that it’s also a very vibrant, lively place. And in the old days, the idea that wherever you went, someone went “Hush...”. That’s just not what modern library’s about.”

Like Kate Mosse, the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council welcome a community focus for libraries. More4 News spoke to their head of library policy, John Dolan. Is he worried that only

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8% of the budget is spent on reading material?

We are concerned not so much of the figure as a percentage of the total budget, but to make sure that local authorities are spending enough on books. We know that they should be buying more. What we are saying is encouraging local authorities to spend more on stock, partly to get the figures up, more importantly, to provide the wide range of material that people wanted. But do library users actually care about the books? What do they use the library for? “I rent, uhm CD-ROM some DVDs.” “Um, I’m doing a massage class.”

“Actually I came here do they ask do, check my e-mail.” “Reading a book.”

Most of the people we spoke to weren’t there to read a book. Perhaps this shows a library’s need to broaden their appeal in the hope of getting more people, and not just readers through the door.

图书馆应该成为一个读书的安静的地方还是一个可以用作闲逛喝咖啡的充满活力的中心？还是两者兼备？作家崔西·雪弗兰兼作家协会的，她告诉More4 News，她担心图书馆缺少书籍并支持网络途径和其他设施。博物馆、图书馆及档案馆委员会刚刚推出“卓越发展蓝图”，鼓励图书馆变得现代化并更多地成为一个公共空间。但他们也曾告诉More4 News，他们认为当地应采购更多的书。妮娜·特格加蒂提供了更多的消息。 表面暗淡的楼房和旧式的图书馆已经过时了。建筑标志和咖啡厅流行起来。每年有多余的2百万英镑投资到英国的图书馆的公共设施中来。这就是我们所得到的，贯穿于城市中舒适崭新的艺术级建筑及更多的网络访问。位于伦敦东部的Idea Store 集中地体现了这个新图书馆的形象。仅一年之久，它已经被提名成为各种各样的设计奖项的候选。但不是给每个人都留下了深刻印象。当《带珍珠耳环的少女》的作者崔西·雪弗兰走进图书馆时，她开始为之担心。

“我更为关心的是图书馆的书稀落地散放着。目前大多数人正在电脑机房使用电脑。Idea Store不再被称作library。难道library这个词太污秽，我们不能用？它也是书籍的象征。而Idea Store给人的感觉实际上，它确实开始变成一个不错的公共中心。但是那些想将它当图书馆使用的人怎么办？真正让我担心的是书开始被视为不时尚，枯燥的。图书馆不得不通过跟人们讲：‘我们可以为您提供卡布奇诺咖啡。您可以看电影。您可以上瑜伽课。’这种方式来诱使人们去图书馆。”

“在Idea Store 你可以练习瑜伽。你甚至可以学习舞蹈和辅助治疗。还有大量的电脑终端。两年前，120-百万英镑彩票款注入，意味着每个图书馆都会在因特网上投资。” “我住的地方有一个非常小的公共图书馆。我这些年注意到，图书馆里面的书架越来越少，计算机越来越多，它正慢慢地替代书。越来越少的位置可以坐下来看书，书也很少。” 她说的是对的吗？书正在从图书馆的书架上消失吗？妮娜的数据表明，去年在英国，虽然来图书馆人的数量增加了，但实际上图书馆里书的数量却下滑了3%。相比于花费在网上资源的费用上涨20%相比，花费在书和其他阅读材料上的费用也减少了。 我们采访了凯特·莫斯，她著作的《迷宫》，是2006年度最畅销书籍。她乐意接受发生在图书馆中科技与社会的变化。

“接近七千万人一年从当地图书馆借阅DVD光盘，有声读物，光盘驱动器，音乐，芯片音乐。事实上有超过三千万人来到图书馆使用计算机网络上网。很多人感觉图书馆安静、和谐。但与此同时，他们不懂得图书馆也是一个充满活力、活跃的地方。在以前，无论你去哪，都会有人说“安静……”。这不是现代图书馆所拥有的。”

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像凯特·莫斯一样，博物馆、图书馆及档案管委员会也欣然地接受图书馆成为公共中心。More4 News 与图书馆的负责人，约翰·多兰进行交谈。他担心只有8%的经费花在阅读资料上吗？

“我们所关心的是确保当地花费足够的经费在书籍上，而不是其占全部预算百分比的数字是多少。我们知道他们应该采购更多。我们现在说的是要鼓励当地花更多钱增加库存， 部分地增加拨款数额，更重要的是，为人们提供更加丰富广泛的资料。” 但是这些图书馆使用者真的关心书吗？他们用图书馆做什么？ “我租借光盘驱动器和一些DVD。” “我正在上按摩课。”

“事实上我来这是按照他们要求做的，来查收邮件。” “读书。”

我们交谈过的大多数人来这不是为了读书。或许这也表明了图书馆需要放宽它们的吸引力为了让更多的人进入图书馆，而不仅仅是那些读者进进出出。

Task 4 Listening and writing

参考范文

With the improvement of economy and technology, more and more new facilities are being introduced in the modern library over these years, such as Internet access, coffee bar, dancing room and so on. We also see the decreasing number of books. People hold different opinions about the modern library.

(介绍现代图书馆发生的变化。with 引导伴随状语，but作为转折引出下文。)

As far as I am concerned, I prefer the modern library. Firstly, we are not limited to traditional books only, and I could avail myself on the full range of library facilities, surfing online, rent DVDs to name a few. Secondly, we could enjoy more thorough relaxation there after the intensive work. Modern facilities help our brain get a good rest. At the same time, the modern library which still contains a large number of traditional books also enables us to achieve mental peace.

（很巧妙地使用firstly……secondly……表述自己的观点。长短句相接，文章更有层次感。） All in all, the changes in the modern library can meet people’s various needs. In this way, function of library can also be enhanced. （阐述这些变化的意义所在。使用All in all对全文作出总结，另外in this way承接下文。）

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Model Test 2

Internet-Based College English Test Band 4

News Item 1

The conservation group WWF on Tuesday told journalists any global deal on climate change should take into account the importance of forests in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that cutting down forests accounts for 20 percent of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere.

The WWF supports a U.N. scheme known as REDD, Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation, which aims to develop economic incentives to save forests.

Under the REDD scheme, forest rich nations could sell carbon credits to polluters to offset their emissions.

Don Kanak, the chairman of the WWF’s Forest Carbon Initiative, “REDD is critical to a climate solution and financing is critical to make REDD work. In the long term, private capital could play a major role if certain conditions are satisfied. We need the public sector to support sufficient financing in the near term to help forest countries become REDD ready.

自然保护组织世界自然基金会周二告诉记者，任何关于气候变化的全球交易应考虑到森林在减少温室气体的排放方面的重要性。

间气候变化专门委员会估计，砍伐森林导致了20%的温室气体进入大气层。

世界自然基金会支持联合国的一项被称为REDD计划，减少森林砍伐和退化造成的温室气体排放，其目的是为了发展经济激励来节约森林资源。

根据REDD计划，森林资源丰富的国家可以出售碳信用额给污染严重的国家，以抵消其污染排放量。

世界自然基金会的森林碳倡议，唐·卡纳克说，“REDD是一个非常重要的解决气候问题的方案，筹措资金对REDD的实施也很关键。从长远来看，如果某些条件得到满足，私人资本可以发挥重大作用。我们需要公共部门在短期内提供足够的资金支持来促进森林国家REDD计划的开展。”

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News Item 2

By traditional economic measures, the world has certainly been going through some tough times. But do these indicators capture all facets of economic progress? According to the French President Nicolas Sarkozy, the answer is ‘no.’

Mr. Sarkozy announced France will begin including less tangible indicators, like happiness and well being, into its measurements of progress.

The French President said the current economic crisis does not just give the international community the freedom to imagine another economic model, it obliges the world to do so. We do not have the choice, he said.

Mr. Sarkozy’s remarks coincided with the publication of a new report by two Nobel economists, Joseph Stiglitz and Armatya Sen, that looks at non-traditional ways at measuring social progress. The report was commissioned by the French government.

The report recommends shifting the ways policymakers look at progress from what economists call gross domestic product, or GDP, which is a general measure of goods and services produced in a country. The new indicators also would include non-material ‘wealth’, like access to education and health care.

按照传统的衡量经济状况的方式，世界的确经历了一些艰难的日子。可是这些经济指标反映了经济进步的所有层面吗？根据法国总统萨科齐所作的回答，答案是否定的。 萨科齐总统宣布，法国将开始使用一些不太具体的指标，比如幸福和福祉来衡量经济进步。 这位法国总统说，目前的经济危机不仅给了国际社会设想另一个经济模式的自由，而且它也迫使世界这样做。他说，我们没有选择。

萨科齐总统的发言与两位诺贝尔经济学奖得主，约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨和阿玛蒂亚·森新发表的一份报告相一致，它对衡量社会进步的非传统方式进行了评估。这份报告是由法国的委托编写的。 报告建议，改变制定者根据国内生产总值来衡量经济进步的方式，因为国内生产总值或GDP只是笼统地衡量一个国家生产的产品和服务的手段。新的指标还要包括非物质性财富，比如接受教育和医疗的程度。

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News Item 3

Unusually severe rains began falling on September 1 in Burkina Faso, depositing about one-quarter of the country’s annual rainfall on the capital, Ouagadougou in just one day.

The rains have caused widespread displacement, with an estimated 150,000 people affected. U.N. Humanitarian Spokeswoman Elizabeth Byrs says about 48,000 people are living in schools, churches and other public buildings.

She says the number of people staying with host families has significantly increased to at least 40,000.

Byrs says conditions in these shelters are extremely precarious. She says the sanitary conditions are terrible. There are not enough latrines or showers. She says the shelters are overcrowded so men are sleeping outdoors to allow women and children to use the buildings.

She says non-food items, such as tents, cook sets, mosquito nets and blankets are in short supply.

罕见的暴雨从9月1日向布基纳法索倾泻，仅在一天之内首都瓦加杜古的降雨量就达到了该国全年降雨量的四分之一。 大雨导致大量人口流离失所，估计150,000人受到影响。联合国女发言人伊丽莎白·比尔斯表示，大约有48,000人现在居住在学校、教堂和其他公共建筑中。 她说，与其他家庭同住的人口数量已经急剧增加到至少40,000人。

伊丽莎白·比尔斯说，这些庇护所中的情况非常危险。那里的卫生情况也非常糟糕。没有足够的厕所和淋浴设施。她说，庇护所非常拥挤，男人们晚上都在户外睡觉，以便让妇女和儿童住在建筑里面。

她说，现在短缺非食品物资，比如帐篷、炊具、蚊帐和毯子。

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Conversation

Todd: So, Greg, I know that you travel a lot, so what do you do with your dog when you travel?

Who takes care of your dog?

Greg: Well, we have very good friends who love to have him. In fact, sometimes my friends offer

before we go. They know we’re going, “Hey, can we take care of Dancer?” and they take good care of him.

Todd: So, have you ever actually traveled with your dog?

Greg: Actually, yes. Well, when we travel in Japan, he travels with us almost everywhere we go.

He sits in the car and sometimes we camp and sleep in the car with him or we stay in tents and he travels with us ... but we’ve also traveled overseas with him.

Todd: Oh, wow, that’s cool, so you’ve actually ... you’ve taken your dog on like long trips on the

plane?

Greg: Yes. We moved from Japan to the United Arab Emirates and he came with us there. We

lived there for a while.

Todd: Wow. You took your dog to the Emirates?

Greg: Yes, and also we traveled into Oman. In fact we did some serious mountain climbing in

Oman with him.

Todd: So like, how do you take a dog when you travel? What do you got to do?

Greg: Well, depending on the country, you have to check into the requirements. He needs a lot of

vaccinations. Make sure he doesn’t ... he has to be checked by a vet to make sure he doesn’t have any illnesses.

Todd: Oh, really? Like how long does that take? I mean, do you have to take him to the vet and do

this like a month before, or is it something you just do right before you travel? Greg: Probably a couple of weeks at least is average. Todd: So, how do you take a dog on a plane?

Greg: Well, not every airplane company will allow dogs so you have to check into which do allow

them and then you have to have a special nice size container and you have to put a little bit of food in them and you make sure that the airline company tells everybody who’s working along ... like if there are any stops on a stopover, they have to make sure everybody knows that there’s a dog and then they’ll take care ... make sure to check the water and make sure the temperature controls in the back of the plane are at the right setting.

Todd: When you get off the plane, is your dog kind of freaked out? Is Dancer all stressed? Greg: He is so happy to get off. He hates flying.

Todd: So when he sees the cage, does he act funny? Does he act, you know, like with dread, fear? Greg: He looks at me with his eyes and he tries to talk me out of it. Todd: Does he ever succeed?

Greg: He succeeds in a lot of things, but if I have to move, I’ve gotta move and we’re a family so

he comes with me.

托德:格雷格，我知道你经常旅行，那么当你去旅行的时候，你怎么安置你的狗？谁来照顾

你的狗？

格雷格: 我们有非常好的朋友，他们喜欢照顾他。事实上，有时在我们去旅行之前我的朋友

们会主动提出照顾他。他们知道我们要去旅行，“嘿，我们能照顾Dancer吗？”，他们

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会很好的照顾好他。

托德: 你曾经真的跟你的狗一起旅行过吗？

格雷格: 事实上，是的。当我们在日本旅行的时候，他差不多跟我们旅行去了每一个地方。

他坐在车里，有时我们野营并跟他睡在车上或者我们呆在帐篷里，他跟我们一起旅行……但是我们也带他去海外旅行。

托德: 噢，哇，真酷，所以你们实际上……你曾带你的狗乘飞机进行长途旅行？

格雷格: 是的。我们从日本又去到阿拉伯联合酋长国，他跟我们一起。我们在那里居住了一

段时间。

托德: 哇。你带你的狗去过酋长国？

格雷格: 是的，我们还去阿曼旅行了。其实我们还带他做了一些危险的爬山运动。 托德: 那么，当你旅行的时候，你怎样携带你的狗？你需要做些什么？

格雷格: 嗯，这取决于不同的国家，你必须查一查具体要求。他需要注射许多疫苗。他必须

没有——不得不接受兽医的检查确保他没有任何疾病。

托德: 哦，真的？那得需要多长时间？我的意思是，你必须要带他去兽医那在旅行之前的一

个月，或是你只需要在旅行前？ 格雷格: 大约至少两周吧。

托德: 之后，你怎么把狗带到飞机上？

格雷格: 哦，不是每家航空公司都会允许带狗的，因此你必须去查清楚，哪家航空公司允许

他们乘机，然后你必须自带一个特殊正好尺寸的箱子，放一些食物进去，确保航空公司告知一直在值班的每个工作人员……像是如果中途停留中，航空公司必须确保每个工作人员知道飞机上有一只狗，之后他们会去照顾他……保证去检查水和飞机后面的温度控制装置调的合适。

托德: 当你们下机的时候，你的狗有些反常吗？Dancer 很紧张吗？ 格雷格: 他下机的时候很高兴。他讨厌飞行。

托德: 当他看见笼子时，他表现出很高兴？还是很恐惧、害怕？ 格雷格: 他用他的眼睛看着我，并试着要告诉我什么。 托德: 他成功过吗？

格雷格: 他在许多时候都成功过，但是如果我必须要出门时，我必须走，我们是一家人所以

他一直跟着我。

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Video

Every fall, this herd of pronghorn antelope treks more than 100 miles from Grand Teton National Park to their winter habitat in the Upper Green River Valley of Wyoming. This phenomenal migration, one of the longest in North America, has been taking place for the past 6,000 years.

“As the snows develop and forage becomes unavailable, they migrate and move back the 100 to 150 miles back to the sage brush basins of the Upper Green River basin where they can access forage through the winter.”

Relying on information collected from VHS radio collars, researcher Hall Sawyer mapped this particular pronghorn migration route in 1998, with a half a million animals roaming the range. Wyoming is home to almost as many Pronghorn as people.

“Within a hundred-mile radius of Casper, Wyoming, which is located right in the center of state, there’s more pronghorn than anywhere else in the world. Wyoming sustains most of the Pronghorn in North America.”

But part of the pronghorn habitat is becoming increasingly fragmented by human development. And some worry that crucial corridors are being severed. Two men have an ambitious plan to find out which obstacles the pronghorn have to navigate. Conservationist and adventurer Rick Ridgeway and photographer Joe Riis have set out to document “This Year’s Migration”.

“Joe proposed to walk with those pronghorn on foot, nobody had ever done that before on foot, and more importantly document the migration in photographs, so that we could increase the awareness about the migration and the threats to the Pronghorn.”

Joe Riis is one of National Geographic young explorers. He is a biologist and a wildlife photographer.

“We walked, er, the distinct path that the pronghorn migrate in the fall and in the spring. We wanted to view the landscape through the eyes of the pronghorn and see the obstacles that the pronghorn see, see the beauty of the landscape as well as that human obstacles.”

The duo quickly establishes that pronghorn are encountering some modern inconveniences along their ancient pathway.

“One day, we estimated a herd of about 800 animals moved past us near Trappers Point, Wyoming. It’s a natural bottleneck which has been reduced by a subdivision. We watched the pronghorn dodge cars and people along highway 191 and 352.”

When they hit a migratory bottleneck, animals are confined to a narrow passageway. The squeeze can be caused by vegetation or human development. In the case of Trappers Point. It’s both.

“Every year, between 1,500 and 2,000 pronghorn cross through this bottleneck twice a year, once in the spring and once in the fall. Vehicle wildlife collisions are a problem all across the state, but they become particularly problematic during these migratory time periods when there is a lot of animals moving across the roads.”

The most common barriers the animals face are roads and fences.

Fences pose a problem to the pronghorn because they are not evolved to jump over fences, they move underneath them, and if fences are woven wire, they can’t move under, a lot of times they simply can’t pass through them.

The team discovers that oil and gas fields are also threatening the corridor. There’re already

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more than 8,000 wells on public lands, with plans to double that in the next decade. These remarkable aerial photographs documented the changes since the 1980s.

“In the last 100 years, the migration route has been threatened, by human development, by suburbs, and by ranchettes, and now by oil and gas development in the southern part of their range.”

The team’s extensive documentation of pronghorn corridor may help officials target where they need to act.

“There’re ways to protect wildlife corridors that are still compatible with human occupation in an area, and for example, a rancher could install fences that allow Pronghorn antelope, for example, to go under them without getting hung up on the barbed wire.”

The team also hopes their efforts will spark an interest in protecting the animals.

“The pronghorn migration corridor is 125 miles long and only a mile wide, it’s not gonna take that much to protect it.”

“If the human impact on this migration were to continue, then it’s possible that the migration route might be cut off and if that were to happen there would be no more pronghorn antelope in the Grand Tetons, and that would be tragic for everyone.”

With commitment and planning, the pronghorn could continue their great annual migration just as they’ve done since the last Ice Age.

每年秋季这群叉角羚从大蒂顿国家公园，跋涉一百多英里到它们在位于怀俄明州格林河谷上游的冬季栖息地。这令人惊叹的迁移是整个北美走廊其中最长的一次迁移，一直存在了6000年。

“由于降雪和找不到食物，他们迁移大约100-150英里回到格林上游流域的山艾树盆地，在那里它们整个冬天都有食物。”

通过VHS无线项圈摄像所搜集的资料，研究学家霍尔·索耶于1998年勾勒了这条特殊的叉角羚的迁移区域，大约有50万的动物漫游于这个区域内。怀俄明州是叉角羚的家园，叉角羚羊几乎和人一样多。

“在离位于怀俄明州正中心位置的卡斯珀市的一百英里半径范围内，这里有比世界其他任何地方都多的叉角羚。怀俄明州供养着北美地区大多数的叉角羚。” 可是部分叉角羚的生活环境由于人类的发展而变得日益支离破碎。有些人担心关键性走廊将被切断。有两个人制定一个雄心勃勃的计划要去寻找叉角羚迁移中必须要遇到的障碍。自然保护主义者和冒险家里克·里奇韦和摄影师乔·里斯已经开始记录“今年的迁移”。 “乔·里斯建议徒步与那些叉角羚同行，在此之前从未有人那样做过，更主要地是要在照片中记录它们的迁移，以便于我们能够增强有关迁移的认识和对叉角羚受到威胁的认识。” 乔·里斯是“国家地理”年轻的探险家之一。他是一个生物学家和野生动物摄影师。 “叉角羚在春季和秋季迁移的特殊道路我们都走过。我们想以叉角羚的眼光来观看风景，想看看叉角羚眼中的障碍，美景及人类造成的障碍。”

这两个人很快发现了叉角羚在它们旧的走廊上所遭遇到的一些现代的麻烦。 “有一天，估计一群有800多只的叉角羚在怀俄明州的特拉珀点附近从我们旁边经过。那是一条被支路所缩小的天然瓶颈。我们看到叉角羚在沿途公路躲避了191辆汽车和325人。” 当它们碰上一个迁移的瓶颈时，就被到一条狭窄的通道上。这种拥挤是由植被或人类发展所导致的。关于特拉珀点发生的情况，两个因素都有。

“每年，大约1,500到2,000的叉角羚会两次穿过这个瓶颈，春季一次和秋季一次。车辆碰撞野生动物在整个州都是一个问题，而在有许多动物穿过公路的这段迁移时间里，这个问

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题尤其严重。”

动物面临的最普遍的障碍就是道路和栅栏。

栅栏给叉角羚造成的一个问题是由于他们没有进化到能够跳过栅栏，他们得从下面通过，并且如果栅栏是铁丝网，他们就不能从下面通过，很多时候他们根本过不去。

他们两人发现油田和天然气田也在威胁着迁移走廊。在公共土地上已有超过8000口井，计划在未来的10年里这些井的数量会加倍。这些不平常的航拍照片记录了自19世纪80年代以来的变化。

“在过去的100年里，迁移路线受到了人类的发展、城郊、农场的威胁着，现在也受到了他们活动范围内的南部石油和天然气的发展的威胁。”

该团队大量的叉角羚记实可以帮助确定他们采取行动的方向。 “有许多的方法可以保护野生动物迁移走廊，并使其在一个地区与人类居住相协调。例如，农场主可以安装一些允许叉角羚能够通过的栅栏，而不必被铁丝网所阻拦。” 他们两个人也希望他们的努力将引起人们保护动物的兴趣。 “叉角羚的迁移走廊为125英里长且仅有1英里宽，要保护这条走廊并不需要花费多大力气。”

“如果人类对迁移的影响继续下去，迁移路线可能会被中断。如果这种情况发生的话在大蒂顿公园不会有叉角羚出现，那将会成为每个人的一个悲剧。” 如果全力以赴并规划得体的话，叉角羚会像他们自上个冰川期以来一直做的那样，继续它们浩浩荡荡的年度迁移。

Task 4 Listening and Writing

参考范文

The pronghorn migrate twice every year. But now their migration route is being threatened by human development, suburbs and oil and gas fields. The conservation team have documented the migration corridor and suggested some methods to help wildlife be harmonious with human being.

（简单概括视频中的内容，介绍目前叉角羚迁移的现状。）

As far as I concerned, nowadays, human develop the earth only for their own benefits but ignore whether the development will bring trouble to the wildlife. My view is that people should pay more attention to their relationship with animals. If the animals disappear one day, that will be a tragedy for everyone.

（根据现实中人类发展与野生动物之间的关系，用My view is that……这一主语从句来阐述自己观点。最后一句虚拟语气，强调看法。）

In order to protect the migration route, some effective measures should be taken. On the one hand, we had better avoid building barbed wire and some fences that prevent animals get through. On the other hand, cars should reduce speed when running on the roads that the animals will pass during the migration time. All in all, we ought to try our best to avoid setting obstacles around the corridors. In this way, they can migrate successfully and survive well.

（根据视频内容In order to……引导目的状语从句引出保护动物迁移路线的一些有效措施，巧妙使用on the one hand……on the other hand有逻辑性地连接两条建议；最后用all in all作总结。）

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