王 平 张兰生教授 史培军教授 导师

王　　平史培军教授资源与环境学院　　９６级自然地理学论文题目

论　　文　　摘　　要论文题目王　　平

系　　别

９６级

导　　师

专　　业

史培军教授

自然灾害与风险管理

地球上的自然变异

发生

其中洪涝

开展自然灾害的研究

无时无地不在即构成了自然灾害

制约着人类社会物质文明和精神文明的进步中国是世界上自然灾害发生频繁台风地震泥石流分布范围广

是我国走可持续发展道路的重要组成部分

自然灾害区划对其空间范围进行区域划分的过程

加强自然灾害综合区划的研究已被列为中国２１世纪议程　的行动

之一中华人民共和国减灾规划（１９９８中将防灾减灾进行自然灾害区划研究工作作为保障国民经济和社会发展的重要工作

随着自然灾害科学的不断发展

区划指标由单一指标向综合指标发展区划方法还没有较成熟的区划方案出现自下而上

结合的方法

要自下而上进行自然灾害区划工作基于现阶段全国性资料获取的可能性对二者进行空间叠加（Ｏｖｅｒｌａｙ）处理土壤的复合图斑

得到全国范围的农业自然灾害系统的孕灾环境制图最小图斑

可将其称为农业自然灾害系

统之孕灾环境基本单元

赋予它们以农业自然灾害系统的信息

即农业自然灾害类型图

灾害小区

本文在计算机硬件和ＧＩＳ软件支持下开发一套自下而上进行区域合并的程序快速由自然灾害基本单元合并到区划基本单元及自然灾害小区在计算机和ＧＩＳ软件支持下

互的界面程序灾害综合区划方案

得到全国农业自然

需要基于自然灾害宏观分异规律自上而下地进行自上而下的划

区工作编制人机交互的界面程序

在全国１４４５个农业自然灾害区划基本单元的基础上

２３个自然灾害区（亚区）和１１０个农业自然灾

害小区由北向南依次为））

）））和青藏区（方案认为可我国分为东部大区和西部大区农业活动强度大

东部大区可以根据自然灾害类型和造成损失的差异分为沿海区西部大区可以分为西北区和青藏区

农业自然灾害　　中国　　区划　自下而上　　空间邻接系数

ABSTRACT

Title: The Theory and Practice of Research on Agricultural

Natural Disaster Regionalization in China

Name:Dept.:Grade:

Supervisors:Major:

WANG Ping

School of Resources and Environment,Beijing Normal University1996

Prof. Zhang Lansheng andProf. Shi PeijunPhysical Geography

The natural aberrance on the globe, including those induced by the human andanimals’ activity, took place everywhere and everyday. When they have or will havedangers to the human’s existence and the society’s stability, the disaster happens.China, as one of the largest country in the world, also has suffered great amounts ofdisaster and made great deal of losses, including the people’s death, injured and thepossession’s loss. Flood, drought, typhoon, windstorm, earthquake, landslide, debrisflow, bio-hazards and forest fire happened frequently and broadly. It is a great taskfor our country to develop the research of natural disaster, the research of disasterreduction work.

Natural disaster regionalization is a processing to divide the space into severaldifferent regions, according to the regulation of temporal changing and spatial

differentiation of the natural disaster. The results of regionalization of natural disasterare the maps and description reflects the differentiation and consistency of theregional natural disaster.

It is an action of the Disaster Prevention and Disaster Reduction of ChinaAgency of 21 Century to strengthen the research of the comprehensive

regionalization of natural disaster. Also, the China Commission of the InternationalDecade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) list the research of regional naturaldisaster , the research of the regionalization of natural disaster to the Disaster

Reduction Plan (1998-2010) of People’s Republic of China, as an essential work tothe country’s development and the national economy’s development.

From the bibliography of the recent 10 years of natural disaster regionalization,we may see that the fidelity need of regionalization of natural disaster is higher andhigher, the regionalization index system developed from one single index to multi-indices system, the regionalization methods developed from qualitative description toquantitative confirmation. There was no case study of regionalization using thebottom-up method, from the currently articles. There have an urgent tendency to

have regionalization works combing the bottom-up method and the top-downmethod.

The first step to do the natural disaster regionalization using the bottom-upmethod, is to ascertain the basic units of the agricultural natural disaster. Accordingto the currently available data, this paper selects the following two data sets:

1:4,000,000 geomorphology type map and 1:4,000,000 soil type map. The compoundmap blocks may be obtained by overlaying the two maps. These map blocks must becombined further, for there are a lots of blocks those have very little area and verylong perimeter. After this step, the map blocks may be named as the smallest mapblocks of hazard environment of agricultural natural disaster of china, for the

geomorphology type and soil type reflects the differentiation of regional agriculturalnatural disaster.

The second step is to transfer the natural disaster effects from the units based onthe administrative boundaries to the units based on the above compound map blocks.After this, the map blocks turned into basic units of agricultural natural disaster, i.e.,the class type of agricultural natural disaster.

There is a need of mathematical methods to combine the basic units ofagricultural natural disaster to the regionalization basic units and to the area ofnatural disaster. This paper developed the program to combine the basic units to theregionalization basic units of natural disaster automatically, by using the SpatialNeighboring Index (SNI), and by the support of the personal computer andGeographical Information System (GIS). After this, there was another program

developed to combine the regionalization basic units to the natural disaster areas, bythe interaction of human and computer. Then, the work of regionalization ofagricultural natural disaster by using the bottom-up method finished.

After gaining the areas of natural disaster, we must have the regionalizationwork to divide the region with the top-down method according to the principle of themacro differentiation of the natural disaster. This paper developed the program withhuman-computer interaction to have this thing done by the support of the computerand GIS software. Based on 1445 regionalization basic units all of the country, thispaper divided it into 6 natural disaster realms, 23 natural disaster regions and 110natural disaster areas. The Scheme regards, there is an obvious differentiation ofagricultural natural disaster between east part and west part of china mainland.

According to this differentiation, we may divide it into east part and west part. Thereis a higher density of population, a more intensive agricultural activities and moreheavy effects and losses from natural disaster in the east part than that in the westpart. According to the natural disaster types and losses differentiation, the east partmay be divided into three realms: Coastal Realm, East Realm and Middle Realm; thewest part may be divided into two realms: Northwest realm and Qinghai-Realm.

Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：　Ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ　Ｎａｔｕｒａｌ　Ｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒ，　Ｃｈｉｎａ，

Ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，　Ｂｏｔｔｏｍ－Ｕｐ，Ｓｐａｔｉａｌ　Ｎｅｉｇｈｂｏｒｉｎｇ　Ｉｎｄｅｘ

图　表　索　引表１－１

自然区划原理简表．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．６

表１－３

自然灾害区划原理简表．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２０

表２－２表２－４表２－６

洞庭湖平原区农业自然灾害特征与全省的比较（据省级报刊数据库）．．．．．．．．．３４

表２－８

传统聚类分析与基于空间邻接系数的聚类分析的流程比较．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２４方案一

各农业自然灾害亚区特征．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２７

地貌类型编码构成．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．３８

表３－２

海拔高度编码（ＣＤ）及转换权重（ＷＣＤ）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．３８

表３－４

自然灾害数据库省级报刊库项目．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．４２

表３－６

全国工作区划分统计表．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．４５

表３－８

中国农业自然灾害东西部分异对比．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．５５

表４－１

中国农业自然灾害区划方案．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．６４

表４－３

中国农业自然灾害区（二级区）　特征表．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．６６

表４－５

自然区划等级系统逐级划分图式（引自陈传康等）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．５

图１－２

区域灾害系统论的基本理论框架图（引自史培军）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．８

图２－１

自然灾害综合区划方法示意图．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２０

图２－３

属性数据空间转换示意图．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２３

图２－５

湖南省农业自然灾害系统区划（引自江命友等）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２６

图２－７

湖南省地貌类型图．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２８

图２－９

湖南省农业自然灾害基本单元（未赋灾情值的５０６个图斑）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２９

图２－１１

湖南省农业自然灾害区划基本单元Ｚｄ（灾情程度）图（１１９个图斑）．．．．．．．．．．３１

图２－１３

湖南省农业自然灾害区划图．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．３２

图３－１

中国土壤类型及转换权重（ＷＳ）图（２１７７个图斑）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．４０

图３－３

全国工作区划分图．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．４５

图３－５

自然灾害基本单元多度空间分布图（Ｆ＿ｄｄ）　．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．４８

图３－７

自然灾害基本单元灾次空间分布图（Ｆ＿ｚｃ）　．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．４９

图３－９

自然灾害基本单元旱灾次空间分布图（Ｆ＿ｈｚ）　．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．５１

图３－１１

自然灾害基本单元灾度空间分布图（Ｆ＿ｚｄ）　．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．５２

图３－１３

中国农业自然灾害小区图．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．５７

图４－２

全国农业自然灾害一

中国农业自然灾害综合区划方案．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．６３

致　　谢我从１９８９年秋季入北师大读书以来

首先十年间院

爱护和帮助我的老师和同学们道声谢谢

渊

六年多时间以来

博的学识和辛勤的工作作风时时给予我鞭策和教诲感谢导师史培军先生先生勇于探索融洽的学术氛围

至终都是先生在为我指点

时刻把握学科前沿动态立足科学之林学习创造了宽松我一直受惠于先生的谆谆教诲及时为我指明方向和目标

自始

感谢王静爱副教授在工作王老师在我的论文的写作中及时给予了指导和探讨王老师踏实

使我在科研和工作中认真做到一丝不苟王老师还经常关心我的生活状况感谢您

潘博士经常和

我就农业自然灾害研究这一话题进行探讨和争论

教育部环境演变与自然灾害开放研究实验室为我的工作和学习提供了极为优越的条件实验室已经形成了一个以资源与环境科学为主题的融洽我有幸在实验室工作和学习了六年

衷心感谢实验室及各位老师们

他们是武吉华教授杨明川副教授魏凤华老师苏桂武博士方伟华等

王　　平１９９９．０５．１７

本文作者自１９９２年来参加课题情况１．　　１９９２参加国家自然科学基金项目

２．　　１９９３参加国家自然科学重点基金项目，

在该项目中主要进行中国自然灾害数据库省级报刊库的编码整理工作

１９９７年

要参加系统研制开发工作

１９９５年

宁夏

１９９８年统

主要参与系统设计与开发工作１９９８年

项目中主要参与系统设计与数据管理７．　　１９９７年以来

影响机制的研究８．　　１９９８年以来

中国农业自然灾害风险研究

区域土地利用变化对农业自然灾情形成深圳市环境污染源调查信息系统

　在

八

攻关项目等地野外考察

深圳市南山区环境管理信息系

中国自然灾害信息管理系统

在项目中主

本文作者已发表论文情况１．　　自然灾害综合区划研究的现状与展望

王　　平

８（１）

2. The Agricultural Natural Disaster Risk Regionalization in Hunan Province, Beijing NormalUniv., Risk Research and Management in Asian Perspective, International AcademicPublishers, P201-207, 1998.Wang Ping３．　　陕西省农业旱灾系统及农业旱灾灾情模型研究

王　　平

７（２）

１９９０年中国自然灾害时空分异研究王静爱王　　平张惠远６．　　中国近４０年旱灾时空格局分析潘耀忠王　　平

７．　　三种反映区域自然灾害数据的相对精度检验３１（４）史培军

５（１）

３２（１）

北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）

１９９５

史培军

北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）

王　　平

北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）

王　　平

１９９５

史培军

１９９５

史培军陈　　晋