2019版高三英语北师大版一轮教师用书第2部分 专题4 形容词和副词 Word版含解析

专题四 形容词和副词

[全国卷考情分析]

题型分类 典题试做 1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even worse(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 语法填空 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be officially(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 命题解读 1.考查形容词和副词的基本用法； 2．考查形容词或副词比较等级的用法； 3．考查词类转换。 1.形容词之间或形1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier→early and water the vegetables together. 短文改错 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside→Besides，they often get some useful information from the Internet. (对应学生用书第188页)

[先试做题组] 单句语法填空

1．(2017·吉林省实验中学模拟)They invited all the most experienced (experience)experts in this field to discuss and quite a few suggestions were put forward. 2．(2017·湖南长沙六校联考)Surprisingly(surprise)，when I got home，I found a wet U．S.$20 bill stuck to the ground.

3．(2017·郑州一中调研)They can also make their own special sounds to keep the story interesting(interest) and attractive. [再解读要点] 1．形容词的基本用法

形容词和副词的基本用法 容词与副词的错用； 2．形近引起的错用； 3．比较等级的错用。 高中英语专题

(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。 (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Although it doesn't taste of anything special，it's still worth a try，...

尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方，但是还是值得一试。

(2016·北京高考)Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.

天气状况太差，他想找到雪橇的轨迹是不可能的。

(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。

(安徽高考)Light-hearted and optimistic，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine

to

people

through

her

smile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。

易错警示 以-ly结尾的形容词，常见的有：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly，deadly 等。 2．副词的基本用法 (1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。

(2015·安徽高考)They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.

他们或者亲自或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。

(安徽高考)Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.

谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。 (2)常考的连接性副词：though

“

然而，可是

”

(用于句末)；meanwhile

“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。 (天津高考)The young man couldn't afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one. 那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。

(江西高考)The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，I'd grown fond of our little

高中英语专题

rented

house.这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。 易错警示易用错的几类副词 (1)意义有别的同根副词。如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地)，hard(努力地)/ hardly(几乎不)，late(晚，迟)/ lately(最近)，most(很，最)/mostly(主要地)，fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地)，near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。 (2)有些副词有两种形式：以-ly结尾时表示抽象意义；与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：close接近/closely密切地；wide宽地/widely广泛地；high高地/highly高度地；deep深地/deeply 深深地。 [先试做题组] 单句语法填空

1．(2017·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others，the faster(fast) you will move toward your goal.

2．(2017·浙江金温台三市联考)If they have been caught several times playing video games at work，their salaries may be cut，and even worse(bad)，they may lose their jobs.

3．Four fifths of the people on the Net believe China's economy is among the strongest(strong) in the world.

【导学号：33220108】

[再解读要点]

1．比较级和最高级的构成 (1)变化规则

变化规则 单音节的词一般在后面加-er和-est 以“辅音字母＋-e”结尾的词，在后面加-r和-st 例词 tall→taller→tallest quick→quicker→quickest late→later→latest pale→paler→palest 形容词和副词的比较等级 高中英语专题

以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y改为i，再加-er和-est 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，则双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est early→earlier→earliest heavy→heavier→heaviest thin→thinner→thinnest hot→hotter→hottest 其他双音节和多音节的词都在前面加careful→more careful→most more和most 易错警示 有少数几个双音节以及-ow，­er，­le结尾的词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词：narrow，common，clever，simple，quiet，stupid等。 (2)不规则变化 good/well→better→best；bad/ill→worse→worst；many/much→more→most；far→farther/further→farthest/furthest；old→older/elder→oldest/eldest；little→less→least 2．比较等级的用法 (1)同级比较

①as＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……不一样”

(2017·河南中原名校联考)Since people are fond of humor，it is as welcome in conversation

as

anywhere

careful else.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。 ②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as... as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as... as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...

(2017·湖南长郡中学月考)I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.

今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。 (2)比较级

“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。

高中英语专题

“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。

(2017·大连二十中月考)I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her

mind，nothing

can

change

it.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。 易错警示 修饰比较等级的副词：much，even，still，far，yet，a little，a lot，a bit，rather，any等。more，very等副词不可修饰比较级，这也是短文改错中常出现的错误之一。 (3)最高级 ①

表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：

“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。 (2015·四川高考)Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。 ②最高级的其他表达法 a．否定词＋比较级

b．比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than anything/anyone else Your

story

is

perfect；I've

never

heard

a

better

one

before.你的故事太完美了，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。

The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.

长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。 易错警示 有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的有：favorite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些词本身有比较级含义，但不与than连用，如be senior to等。 (4)含有比较等级的特殊句型 ①“the＋adj./adv.-er，the＋adj./adv.-er” “越……，越……”

②“adj./adv.-er＋and＋adj./adv.-er”“越来越……”

高中英语专题

③“the＋adj.-er＋of the two＋名词”“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个” ④no more than“仅仅”；not more than“至多；不超过” ⑤more...than...“与其说……不如说……” ⑥no＋比较级＋than “和……一样不……” ⑦not＋比较级＋than “不比……更……”。 ⑧倍数句型

a．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B b．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B

c．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B

(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The more positive an article，the more likely it was to be shared. 一篇文章越积极乐观，就越有可能被大众分享。

(2015·江苏高考)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional

garbage

as

a

whole.总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。

More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreign language well. 越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。

[先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·云南玉溪一中月考)Increase your exercise levels naturally(natural) by walking or biking short distances instead of driving，or by taking the stairs instead of the elevator. 2．Seeing Jack，she ran to him and asked him to play with her for a while.“Sorry，Jane，but I'm terribly(terrible) busy tonight.” Ⅱ.单句改错

(2017·湖北黄冈调研)We are very proudly of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.proudly→proud [再解读要点]

形容词和副词的词形变化及词性转换是形容词和副词的考查热点。如果用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语，应用形容词形式；如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，则应用副词形式。正确分析句子结构，判断设空处在句中所作的句子成分

形容词和副词的词性转换 高中英语专题

，并牢记形容词变副词的规则(可参见专题一构词法)，是解答此类题目的关键。 [技法点拨]

形容词副词与语法填空 形容词副词与短文改错 1.准确理解句意，分析句子结构，判断1.注意形容词和副词之间的误用：①如空格处要填的词在句中作什么成分。如果修饰名词，要用形容词；如果修饰动果用来修饰名词或位于系动词后作表词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要用副语，应为形容词；如果用来修饰动词、词。②作定语、表语或宾补，要想到用副词、形容词或整个句子，则为副词。 形容词；作状语应为副词； 2．看比较范围，判断形式是否正确。2．观察空格后是否有表示比较的提示词than，表示比较范围的in/of短语、定语从句、或含有比较级的固定句式，如“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构等，以此判断是否需要填形容词或副词的比较等级。另外，解题时还需注意上下文提供的一些暗示信息。 如果是两者之间的比较，则用比较级；如果是三者或三者以上的比较，则用最高级； 3．看比较级前是否误加了more； 4．看含有比较等级的固定句式是否准确； 5．注意一些习惯表达，查看形容词或副词的形式。如：sooner or later; what's more/worse等。 (对应学生用书第191页) [核心考点针对练]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·山东师大附中模拟)Staying healthy(health) while traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.

2．(2017·银川一中模拟)Another possible reason is that on average，the British people don't take themselves too seriously(serious)．

3．(2017·长春市实验中学模拟)In each case，the weight of the glass doesn't

高中英语专题

change，but the longer(long) I hold it，the heavier it becomes.

4．(2017·宁夏银川二中模拟)Our English teacher is so humorous that she can make her classes interesting and lively(live)．

5．(2017·湖北重点中考)Chinese authors would make an effort to use a language that is suitable(suit) for translation，and a communication style that can be understood by the entire.

6．(2017·黑龙江哈六中月考)Of the two sisters，Betty is the younger(young) one，and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.

7．(2017·安徽滁州中学模拟)Obviously(obvious)，a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.

8．—What do you think of your new Pad? —Good.I don't think I can find a better(good) one. 9．Unless you are brave enough to speak up，you'll lose more(many) chances to make yourself understood.

10．One of the best(good) things about her lessons was that we didn't always have to study in an ordinary way. Ⅱ.单句改错

1．The government should do something to prevent the earth from becoming warm，such as calling on low-carbon economy.warm→warmer 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At one time，I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.freely→free 3．(2016·四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Mom's favoritest.favoritest→favorite 4．(2017·河南八市质检)For another，most books are sold at a low price than what the bookstores offer.low→lower 【导学号：33220109】

5．(2017·江西九江一中模拟)I'll study more harder than ever before so that I can make more money in the future.去掉more或more→much [高考题型综合练]

Ⅰ.语法填空

(2017·湖北武汉市调研)The Yangtze River， 1 (know)in China as the Changjiang River，is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one

高中英语专题

country.Flowing from the an Plateau to the East China Sea，the Yangtze is a natural division 2 north and south.Driven by the 3 (curious) in my heart，I came to China and took part in a cruise(乘船度假)along part of the river last year.

Life on board was relaxed with plenty to occupy the time and mind.We passed Wuhan 4 in 1966 Chairman Mao，then in his 70s，famously swam across the Yangtze River.Glorious temples rise over industrial ports while，high above the rocks，ancient coffins are hung in caves，without being disturbed for 5 (century)．We also visited the Three Gorges Dam， 6 symbol of Chinese pride and power.As well as enormous hydroelectric output， 7 (it)increasing shipping ability benefits Chinese people quite a lot.

As a foreigner，I 8 (absorb)and charmed by the genuine warmth of welcome and unique culture during the trip. 9 (rare)，if ever，have I enjoyed such a culturally rich and historically interesting trip.Now I am looking forward to 10 (visit) China again! 【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，介绍了作者游长江的经历。

1．known[考查非谓语动词。known in China as the Changjiang River在句中作定语，修饰The Yangtze River。]

2．between[考查介词。根据空后的and再结合语境可知应用between。]

3．curiosity[考查名词。curious为形容词，由前面的冠词the可知，此处应用名词；driven by the curiosity意为“受好奇心驱使”。]

4．where[考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为Wuhan，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。]

5．centuries[考查名词的单复数。for表示动作或情况持续的时间长度；for centuries意为“一连好几个世纪”。]

6．a[考查冠词。symbol为可数名词；a symbol of Chinese pride and power在句中作the Three Gorges Dam的同位语。]

7．its[考查代词。it指三峡大坝，此处说明三峡大坝的运输能力，故用形容词性物主代词its。]

8．was absorbed[考查动词时态和语态。此处描述当时旅行的情景，故应用一般过去时；由语境可知，作者被吸引住了，故应用被动语态。] 9．Rarely[考查副词。修饰动词需要用副词。]

高中英语专题

10．visiting[考查非谓语动词。look forward to中的to为介词，后接动词­ing形式。] Ⅱ.短文改错

(2017·东北三省四市二模)As the saying goes，chance favored the prepared mind.I learned this from one of my experience.

I was not chosen as member of the volleyball team of our school.Because of this，I decided to give up play volleyball.Luckily，my best friend stopped me but pointed out that it was my laziness and poor preparation which led to my failure.After that，I practiced playing volleyball on every day.When another chance of trying out arrived，I was full prepared and tried my best.As a result，I was selected and became an important player on our school team.

From this，I am firmly convincing that we are able to seize a chance as long as I get well prepared. 【答案】

favored

As the saying goes，chance favors the prepared mind.I learned this from one of my experienceexperiences. ∧

I was not chosen as a member of the volleyball team of our school.Because of playbut

this，I decided to give up playing volleyball.Luckily，my best friend stopped me and which

pointed out that it was my laziness and poor preparation that led to my failure.After that，I practiced playing volleyball ﹨on every day.When another chance of trying out full

arrived，I was fully prepared and tried my best.As a result，I was selected and became an important player on our school team.

convincingI

From this，I am firmly convinced that we are able to seize a chance as long as we get well prepared.