2020上海高考英语词汇手册词汇解析

（a~advantage）

abandononeselftosth.陷入；沉湎于…e.g.abandononeselftodespair陷入绝望havetheabilitytodosth.有能力做某事tothebestofone’sability竭尽全力e.g.Hecompletedthejobtothebestofhisability.他竭尽全力完成了那项工作。beabletodosth.=becapableofdoingsth.能够做某事Allaboard!请大家上车（船、火车、飞机）！；Welcomeaboard!欢迎乘坐！beabouttodosth.正要做某事。e.g.WewerejustabouttoleavewhenJerryarrived.goabroad出国=gooverseas;athomeandabroad国内外aboveall最重要的是，尤其是。beabsentfrom…缺席…opp.bepresentat…出席…intheabsenceofsb.在缺乏…的情况下=inone’sabsence;opp.inthepresenceofsb.=inone’spresence在某人面前，当着某人的面beabsorbedin(doing)sth.全神贯注（做）某事academicyear学年；academicachievement/performance学业成绩withanorthernaccent带有北方口音haveaccesstosth.有机会/权使用某物byaccident偶然=bychance;accidentallyaccompanysb.onthepiano为某人钢琴伴奏accomplish=achieve（尤指经过努力）完成，实现，达到accountfor①解释；说明=explain;②(数量或比例)占onaccountof因为（问题或困难）=becauseoftakesth.intoaccount把某事考虑进去=takesth.intoconsiderationaccusesb.of(doing)sth.指控某人某事=chargesb.withsth.beaccustomedto(doing)sth.习惯于做某事=beusedto(doing)sth.acidrain酸雨actas担任；acton对…有作用/有影响adapt(oneself)to…适应addto增加；addAtoB把A加到B上去；addupto总计beaddictedtosth.对…上瘾；对…沉迷e.g.Heisaddictedtofootball.他迷上了足球。Heisaddictedtosmoking.他吸烟成瘾。adjust(oneself)to=adapt(oneself)to适应admit(to)doing承认做某事=confess(to)doingadult=grown-up成年人inadvance提前=aheadoftime;aheadofscheduletakeadvantageof(不公正地)利用某人，占某人的便宜opp.disadvantagen.不利条件，缺点，劣势；advantageousadj.有利的；有益的12020󴸊󶵷高考英语词汇手册词汇解析 上海高中教研教学 编写

（adventure~appreciate）

adventurousadj.有冒险精神的advertisesth.onTV/inanewspaper在电视/报纸上刊登广告putanad/advertisementinanewspaper在报纸上刊登广告advisedoingsth.建议做某事affordtodosth.负担得起做某事beafraidtodosth.不敢做某事；beafraidofdoingsth.担心/担忧某事e.g.Heisafraidtogooutatnight他晚上不敢出去。Hewasafraidofbeingcaughtbythepolice.他担心被抓住。beagainststh.反对某事；beforsth.赞成某事attheageof5=atage5在5岁的时候forages=foralongtime很长一段时间；很久agedadj.年老的，年迈的myagedparents;theaged=theold老年人Icouldn’tagreemore.=Iagreecompletely.我完全同意。travelagency旅行社aheadoftime/schedule=inadvance提前inaidof为了帮助;readaloud朗读takeaimat…瞄准…;aimtodo…力争做到…;beaimedatdoingsth.旨在…intheair在空气中；on(the)air正在广播allthetime一直；allinall总的说来；inall总共=altogetherallowdoingsth.允许做某事；allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事havenoalternative/choicebuttodosth.除了做某事，别无选择amountto①总计=addupto=cometo;②等于，相当于=beequaltointhefinalanalysis归根结底(用于句首)thetwentiethweddinganniversary结婚20周年纪念日oneafteranother一个接着一个；oneanother=eachother互相answerfor…=beresponsiblefor…对…负责beanxiousfor/about…为…担心；beanxiousfor…渴望得到…;beanxioustodo…渴望做…=bekeentodo…=beeagertodo…;anxietyn.焦虑apartfrom①除了=except;②除了…之外，还…=besidesapartment=flat公寓apologizetosb.forsth.因为某事向某人道歉；=makeanapologytosb.forsth.apparentadj.明显的；显然的=obvious,clear,而distinct(有区别的，不同的；明显的)appealtosb.todosth.=callonsb.todosth.呼吁某人做某事；sth.appealtosb.某事对某人又吸引力；appealingadj.有吸引力的=attractivehaveapoor(good)appetite胃口不好(好)；haveanappetitefor…爱好…getaroundofapplause获得一阵掌声betheappleofone’seye是某人的掌上明珠applyfor…申请…;applyAtoB：①把A运用到B中；②把A涂到B上去applyto…对…适用；applyoneselfto…致力于…I’dappreciateit(verymuch)ifyoucoulddosth.如果你能做某事，我会不胜感激。2高考英语词汇手册词汇解析高考英语词汇手册词汇解析

（approach~composition）

approachn.接近；方法anewapproachtoteachinglanguages一种新的语言教学法。v.对付，处理(=dealwith)approachaproblem处理问题appropriateadj.合适的，适当的(=suitable,proper).opp.inappropriateapproximatelyadv.近似，大约(用于科技文体）=about,around,roughlyarguev.争论；争吵；争辩。arguing,argument.cf.quarreln.&v.争吵，吵架arisev.(问题、困难)产生；出现be(just)around/roundthecorner:①即将来临，临近。②就在附近arouseone’sinterest引起某人兴趣arrangeforsb.todosth.安排某人做某事artificialadj.（尤指模拟自然的）人工的，人造的；仿真的。artificialflowers假花；artificialheart人造心脏man-made(尤指地貌或材料)：man-madelake人工湖；man-madefibres人造纤维burntoashes烧成灰烬（既可用主动语态也可用被动语态）beashamedofsth.为…而感到惭愧；beashamedtodosth.不好意思做某事setaside留出；省出（时间、钱、空间）fallasleep入睡；fast/soundasleep睡得很熟assessv.评价；评估=evaluateassignsb.sth.分配某人某物/某事；assignsb.todosth.指派某人做某事associateAwithB把A与B联系起来assume/takeresponsibilityfor…承担…的责任assuresb.that…使某人确信…;assuresb.ofsth.向某人保证某事attachAtoB把A连接到B上；attachmentn.附件attempttodosth.=makeanattempttodosth.企图做某事；attemptedmurder谋杀未遂attendancen.出席；出席人数；attendtosth.处理某事besoldatauction被拍卖；putsth.upforauction把某物拿出来拍卖alarge/smallaudience许多/很少观众havetheauthoritytodosth.有权做sth.authorizev.授权~sb.todosth.授权某人做sth.autumn=falln.秋季sth.beavailabletosb.某物为某人可获得on(the)average按平均值，平均而言audio-visualaids/equipment视听设备；audioa.声音的；音频的。visuala.视力的；视觉的visualize['vɪʒuəlaɪz]vt.想象；设想avoiddoingsth.避免做某事；await=waitforawardsb.sth.=awardsth.tosb.授予某人某物；awardsb.firstprize授予某人一等奖beawareof=beconsciousof…意识到…;awareness=consciousnessn.意识backvt.支持=supportthebalanceofnature生态平衡；thebalance=therest剩余(部分)keepone’sbalance保持平衡；loseone’sbalance失去平衡ban禁止=forbid,prohibit;bansb.fromdoingsth.=prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.fromdoingsth.,forbidsb.todosth.3高考英语词汇手册词汇解析liftaban解除禁令bankn.储蓄罐=piggybank,breakthebank花钱很多；透支haveabarbecue进行烧烤barely=hardly=scarcely几乎不It’sabargain.这是合算的.bargainwithsb.与某人讨价还价barriern.障碍=obstaclebasen.底部=bottom;基础=foundation;militarybase军事基地basicresearch基础研究；basicprinciples基本原理onaregularbasis定期地；onadailybasis每天have/takeabath洗个澡onthebeach在海滩上；beancurd豆腐bear/keepsth.inmind牢记某事beatv.打败；击败(用于比赛）；defeatv.击败，战胜(既可用于比赛中，也可用于战争中)bebeatentodeath；beatsb.blackandblue把某人打得青一块紫一块。beautyspots名胜，风景点=scenicspots;placesofinterestmakethebed铺床；bed-wettingn.尿床Where’sthebeef?葫芦里究竟卖什么药？beggarn.乞丐onbehalfofsb.代表某人behaveoneself守规矩believeitornot,信不信由你；Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。belongto…属于…;belongingsn.所有物；财产，财物=possessionsbelowprep&adv.在下面ant.above;belowfreezing/zero零度以下beneath=underneathprep.在…下面；在…正下方ofbenefit=beneficial有益的besidesprep.除了…以外(还有)=inadditionto,aswellas；besidesadv.还有；此外=moreover,furthermore,additionallybetsth.(money)onsth.把…押在…上；Ibet(that)…;I’llbet(that)…我敢肯定；我敢保证；我相信…;Youbet!当然！givesb.abighand给某人热烈鼓掌biographyn.传记；autobiography[ɔːtəbaɪ'ɒgrəfɪ]n.自传notabit=notatall一点也不；doone’sbit尽自己的一份力量blackcoffee清咖啡；blacktea红茶betoblameforsth.对某事负有责任；blamesb.forsth.=blamesth.onsb.责怪某人某事goblank头脑突然一片空白，Mymindwentblank.我头脑突然一片空白。Beblanketedin/with…覆盖/笼罩着/在…中MayGodblessyou.愿上帝保佑你。takeablindeyeto…对…视而不见Bloodisthickerthanwater.血浓于水。bloodtype血型；bloodtransfusion输血give/donateblood献血bein(full)blossom(花)盛开=beinflower;beinbloomblueadj.忧郁的；沮丧的=depressedonboard在船上；在车上；在飞机上；boardern.住宿生；boardingschool寄宿学校boilingwater沸水；boiledwater开水；boilingpoint沸点4高考英语词汇手册词汇解析bold[bəʊld]adj.大胆的；鲁莽的。cf.bald[bɔːld]adj.秃头的；braveadj.勇敢的be(all)skinandbone瘦得皮包骨头的aclosedbook一无所知的事；预定=reserveborrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物；lendsth.tosb.把某物借给某人borrowedword外来词bottomline底线；fromthebottomofone’sheart从心底里；Bottomsup!干杯！beboundtodosth.一定会/肯定会做某事bow[bəu]n.弓；蝴蝶结。Bowandarrow弓箭；bow[baʊ]v.&n.鞠躬bowtosb.useone’sbrain/head动动脑筋brandedadj.名牌的brandedproducts名牌产品Itisbraveofsb.todosth.某人做某事是勇敢的；braveryn.勇敢haveabreak=havearest休息一会bridgen.桥；桥牌。playbridge打桥牌inbrief=briefly简要地broadadj.宽的，ant.narrowadj.狭窄的broadenv.使变宽；扩大broadenone’shorizonsbrochuren.小册子=booklet,leaflet(小册子；传单)browse[braʊz]v.浏览；随便翻阅browsethrough…Buddhist['budist]n.&adj.佛教的；佛教徒;Christian[ˈkrɪstʃən]n.&adj.教的；教徒budgetv.把…编入预算buffet[ˈbʊfeɪ]n.自助餐buffetlunch自助午餐bulbn.灯泡=lightbulb;bulbn.球茎abunchofflowers一束花；abunchofkeys一串钥匙burnthemidnightoil挑灯夜战，开夜车；burstintoflames突然起火burstintotears/laughter/song=burstoutcrying/laughing/singing突然哭/大笑/唱起歌来beoutofbusiness停业；倒闭；Businessisbusiness.公事公办；getdowntobusiness干正事。It’snoneofyourbusiness.这与你无关。undothebuttons解开纽扣undo[ʌn'duː]v.解开；doupabutton系上扣子buy=purchaseapieceofcake很容易的事callonsb.拜访某人；callfor要求；需要；calloff=cancel取消makecamp扎营；gocamping去露营；summercamp夏令营launchacampaign发起一项运动oncampus在校园里becapableofdoingsth.=beabletodosth.cardn.名片=businesscardcarrotandstick胡萝卜加大棒；威逼利诱incase万一；以防万一；inanycase不管怎样，无论如何payincash用现金支付；cashier[kæ'ʃɪə]n.出纳；收银员castsb.as…让某人扮演…raincatsanddogs下倾盆大雨cause引起；导致=leadto,bringabout,giveriseto,resultin,contributetowithoutcease不停地ceasetodosth.(长时间停做某事)；ceasedoingsth.(短时间停止做某事，以后还会做)weddingceremony婚礼5高考英语词汇手册词汇解析becertaintodosth.一定会做某事=beboundtodosth.besuretodosth.务必做某事（用于祈使句）；一定会做某事（用于陈述句）acertainstudent=somestudent某一位学生takeone’schances=tryone’sluck碰碰运气;bychance碰巧Thechancesarethat…可能…=Itislikelythat…Thechancesarethatshe'llbecoming.很可能她要来.Itischaracteristic/typicalofsb.todosth.Itischaracteristic/typicalofhimtodozeoffofteninclass.他经常在课堂上打瞌睡，这是他的特点。cheatv.欺骗=deceiveplaychess下国际象棋chewinggum口香糖inone’schildhood在某人童年时chipn.(电脑)芯片havenochoice/alternativebuttodosth.除了做某事之外别无选择atChristmas在圣诞节期间；onChristmasDay在圣诞节那天gotochurch去教堂做礼拜under/innocircumstances任何情况下都不classicmusic经典音乐；classicalmusic古典音乐cleanadj.无过失(犯罪)记录的，acleandrivinglicence无违规记录的驾驶执照。He’sgotacleanrecord.他没有犯罪记录。climbv.爬；攀登=ascendEverycloudhasasilverlining.黑暗里总有一线光明。onthecoast在海岸上coastlinen.海岸线Whatacoincidence!太巧了！comedian[kə'miːdɪən]n.喜剧演员；tragedian[trə'dʒiːdɪən]n.悲剧演员commandrespect赢得尊敬haveagoodcommandof…熟练掌握…;精通…commenton…对…做评论/评价commitsuicide自杀；commitacrime犯罪becommittedto(doing)sth.致力于(做)某事commonsense常识；havesth.incommon有某些共同之处communicatewithsb.与某人交际/交流；communicateAtoB把A传达给Bkeepsb.company给某人做伴compareAwithB把A和B进行比较；compareAtoB把A比作Bincomparisonto/with…=bycomparisonwith…和…相比competein…参加…的比赛；competewithsb.与某人竞争complainaboutsth.抱怨某事；complaintosb.aboutsth.向某人抱怨/投诉某事=makeacomplainttosb.aboutsth.paysb.acompliment=payacomplimenttosb.赞美/恭维某人Mycomplimentstosb.替我向某人问候/致意becomposeof…由…组成/构成=bemadeupof…=consistof…compositionn.作文；组成，构成6高考英语词汇手册词汇解析高考英语词汇手册词汇解析

（comprehension~discipline）

comprehensionn.理解(力)；包含；广泛性bebeyondone’scomprehension无法理解；atermofwidecomprehension含义广泛的词语comprehendv.理解=understand;comprehensibleadj.可理解的comprehensiveadj.广泛的，全面的，综合的；理解的；有理解力的comprehensiveplanning全面规划；takeacomprehensiveviewofthesituation通观全局compulsoryadj.义务的；强制的；n.(比赛中的)规定动作compulsoryeducation义务教育；acompulsorysubject必修科目；compulsorymilitaryservice义务兵役制concealv.隐藏；掩盖；隐瞒（=hide）concealsth.fromsb.对某人隐瞒某事concentrateon/uponsth.=focuson..专心于；专注于beconcernedabout…关心/担忧…;concerningprep.关于；有关，涉及asfarasI’mconcerned,在我看来，…reach/cometo/drawaconclusion得出结论；inconclusion总之living/workingconditions生活/工作条件；beinagoodcondition状况良好；onconditionthat…条件是…conductasurvey/investigation进行一项调查；conduct/doanexperiment做实验conductanorchestra指挥乐队beconfidentof…对…有信心；haveconfidence/trustin…相信…confusev.使混淆；使困惑（=puzzle）confusingadj.令人困惑的（=puzzling）;confusedadj.感到迷惑的（=puzzled）;confusionn.congratulationsonsb.祝贺某人；congratulatesb.onsth.祝贺某人某事beconnectedto…与…相连接；beconnectedwith…与…有关联的/有关系的haveaguiltyconscience问心有愧；haveaclearconscience问心无愧conscientious[,kɒnʃɪ'enʃəs]adj.认真负责的，一丝不苟的beconsciousof=beawareof…知道…;意识到…consciousnessn.意识=awarenessasaconsequence=asaresult因此；asaconsequence/resultof…由于…的结果consequentlyadv.因而，所以considerv.认为；考虑；considerdoingsth.考虑做某事；considersb./sth.todo…e.g.Thecampaignwasconsideredtohavefailed.这项运动被认为失败了。constantadj.忠诚的(=devoted),aconstantfriend忠诚的朋友constructv.=build建造；构建。constructionn.=buildingconsultsb.aboutsth.向某人咨询某事contact(v.)sb.联系某人=makecontact(n.)withsb.;stayincontact保持联系=keepintoucheyecontact眼神交流，目光接触becontentwith…对…满意=bepleased/satisfied/delightedwith…contestantn.竞争者；选手=competitorcontinuedoingsth.=continuetodosth.继续做某事；continuousadj.持续的，不间断的；continualadj.①持续的，不间断的②多次重复的，频繁的（通常是有害或恼人的）continuation[kəntɪnjʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n]n.连续；持续；继续sign/makeacontract(with)(与…)签订合同;breakacontract违反合同；7高考英语词汇手册词汇解析fulfilacontract履行合同；contract[kən'trækt]v.缩小；收缩；缩短(=shrink);ant.expandonthecontrary正相反；AiscontrarytoB，A与B相反；tothecontrary相反的(作后置定语）bycontrast(to/with…)与…相比/对比=incontrast(to/with…)contribute(sth.)to…向…捐赠；contributeto造成，导致；contributeto…向…撰稿/投稿beincontrol处于控制之下；takecontrolof…控制/支配…;have/keep/bringsth.undercontrol把…控制住convenientadj.方便的inconvenientadj.不方便的；conveniencen.方便forconvenience为了方便起见；atone’sconvenience在某人方便的时候convertsth.to/into…把某物改成…conveysth.tosb.向某人传达某事convincesb.that…使某人确信…;convincesb.ofsth.使某人确信某事；convincesb.todosth.说服某人做某事cookv.&n.煮；厨师；cookern.炊具cooperatewith…与…合作copewith=dealwith对付；处理be(just)aroundthecorner即将发生，Victoryisjustaroundthecorner.胜利在望。atallcosts不惜任何代价countdown倒计时；countdownn.倒计时acoupleof一对，一双；几个during/inthecourseof…在…的过程中；afour-coursemeal四道菜的一顿饭gotocourt上；打官司。takesb.tocourt把某人告上法庭milkacow挤牛奶artsandcrafts工艺美术carcrash汽车撞车事故；plane/aircrash飞机失事drivesb.crazy使某人发疯；becrazyaboutsth.对…着迷createv.创造；造成；产生creationn.;creativeadj.创造的；有创造力的；creativityn.创造力；creatorn.创造者creditcard信用卡；creditlimit信用额度；buysth.oncredit赊购某物turntocrime沦为罪犯；crimerate犯罪率；commitacrime犯罪financialcrisis金融危机；economiccrisis经济危机；beincrisis处于危机之中acrisisofconfidence信任危机becriticalof…批评…;becriticalto…对…至关重要；beofcriticalimportance极其重要acritical/crucialmoment紧要关头；关键时刻criticizesb.forsth.批评某人某事becrowdedwith…挤满了…=befilledwith…=befullof…becrueltosb.虐待某人；对某人残忍；crueltyn.残忍It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收culturegap文化差距；cultureshock文化冲击curesb.of…治愈某人…becuriousabout…对…好奇；curiosityn.好奇心；becurioustodosth.对做某事感到好奇currentaffairs/events时事；currentaccount活期存款账户；currentlyadv.目前；当前draw/close/pullthecurtains拉上窗帘；drawback/openthecurtains拉开窗帘acurvedwall一道弯曲的墙cutsth.inhalf/intwo把某物切成两半；cutin插嘴；cutcosts降低成本8高考英语词汇手册词汇解析inourdailylife在我们的日常生活中dairyproducts乳制品do/causedamageto…对…造成破坏/损害beindanger有危险；beoutofdanger脱离危险dare用作情态动词时，后接动词原形，用于否定句和疑问句中。e.g.IamsoafraidthatIdarenotmove.我吓得一动也不敢动。Daresheringhimattheoffice?她敢打电话到办公室找他吗？dare也可用作普通动词，后接不定式，在否定句中to也可省略。e.g.Onlyafewjournalistdaredtocovertheactivity.只有少数几个记者敢于报道这一活动。Nowonderthepartydidnotdare(to)publishthatdocument.难怪该党不敢公布那份文件。inthedark①在黑暗之中；②全然不知(beutterlyinthedarkabout…)；leave/keepsb.inthedark把某人蒙在鼓里.databank=database数据库；资料库datefrom…=datebackto…追溯到…atdawn在拂晓时；atdusk在黄昏时dropdead猝死；deadend死胡同deafanddumb又聋又哑dealwith对付；处理howtodealwithsth.;dearadj.贵的=costly,expensivehave/hold/conductadebate举行一场辩论；debatern.辩论者；辩手beindebt负债；payoffadebt还清债务deceivev.欺骗，蒙蔽=cheat;trick;deceivesb.intodoingsth.欺骗某人做某事deceptionn.欺骗，蒙蔽decidetodosth.决定做某事；decideon/upon…(仔细考虑后)决定；选定decisive[dɪ'saɪsɪv]adj.决定性的，关键的;decisionn.,makeadecision做出决定declarewaron…向…宣战；declareagainst/for…声明反对/支持…decreasev.&n.减少，减小；ant.increasedogooddeeds做好人好事deepadj.深的ant.shallow浅的；deepadv.深地，e.g.divedeep深潜；deeplyadv.深深地（用于抽象方面）；deep-rootedadj.根深蒂固的defeatv.&n.击败；打败（用于战争或比赛方面）；beat(只用于比赛方面)defendsb./sth.against/from…保护某人/某物免遭…definesth.as…给某物定义为…;definitionn.定义definiteadj.确定的；明确的definitelyadv.明确地；ant.indefinite不确定的toacertain/somedegree/extent在某种程度上delayv.&n.延期；耽搁delaydoingsth.;syn.:putoff.Postponedeliberateadj.故意的=intentional;deliberatelyadv.故意地=onpurpose;deliberateadj.深思熟虑的；审慎的；不慌不忙的e.g.adeliberatedecision审慎的决定；aslow,deliberatemannerofspeaking缓慢从容的说话方式delicateadj.(补充词义)微妙的，需谨慎处理的。e.g.adelicatematter一件需要谨慎处理的事toone’sdelight/tothedelightofsb.使某人高兴的是；bedelightedwith…对…感到满意demandtodosth.要求做某事；demandsb.ofsth.要求某人某事；supplyanddemand供求关系；ondemand一经要求；demandingadj.要求高的9高考英语词汇手册词汇解析denydoingsth.否认做某事；Thereisnodenyingthat…无可否认…departv.离开；出发，启程departuren.dependon/upon…依靠；依赖；取决于=bedependenton…beindependentof…不依赖于…;dependableadj.可靠的；可信赖的；dependencen.依靠；依赖。independencen.depositaccount存款账户；putdownadepositonsth.付定金购买某物depressedadj.感到沮丧的；depressingadj.令人沮丧的describedoingsth.描述/叙述做某事；descriptionn.;descriptiveadj.描写的；描绘的bebeyonddescription无法形容desert['dezət]n.沙漠；desert[di'zə:t]v.离弃，抛弃，遗弃=abandondeservev.应受，应得；deservedoing/deservetobedone/n.e.g.deservepunishing/tobepunished/punishment应受惩罚desiretodosth.渴望做某事desperateadj.不顾一切的；绝望的e.g.bedesperatewithfear.因恐惧而感到绝望。(补充词义)极度渴望的；极需要的。bedesperateforsth.非常需要sth.;bedesperatetodosth.急于做某事destroyv.摧毁；毁灭；destructionn.;destructiveadj.毁灭性的，造成破坏的indetail详细地；detailedadj.详细的；详尽的；despite=inspiteof不管，尽管determinetodosth.=bedeterminedtodosth.下决心做某事adevelopingcountry发展中国家；adevelopedcountries发达国家；withthedevelopmentof…随着…的发展devoteoneself/sth.to(doing)sth.=bedevotedto(doing)sth.献身于；致力于…syn.dedicateoneself/sth.to(doing)sth.=bededicatedto(doing)sth.keepadiary写日记；haveadictation进行听写beonadiet节食；goonadiet开始节食；abalanceddiet均衡饮食differfrom=bedifferentfrom不同于…diligentadj.勤勉的；勤奋的=hardworking;industriousdisastern.灾难，灾祸；disastrousadj.灾难性的；syn.catastrophe[kə'tæstrəfɪ]n.灾难;大祸haveaheateddiscussion进行一场热烈的讨论beindisorder处于混乱状态；ondisplay展出；陈列；withdignity有尊严地e.g.Patientsshouldbeallowedtodiewithdignity.应该允许病人死得有尊严。distinctadj.①不同的=different;②清楚的，明显的=clear,obvious,apparentdistinguishAfromB=tellAfromB区别/辨别A和Bdistinguishableadj.能分辨出来的，区别得出的；distinguishedadj.卓越的，杰出的adistinguishedguest贵宾；adistinguishedscientistdistressedadj.痛苦的；苦恼的；inthedistance在远处；fromadistance从远处withinwalkingdistance在步行距离之内的；dividedadj.（意见）有分歧的e.g.Thecommitteewasdividedovertheproposal.委员会在这一提议上意见有分歧。disciplinen.(尤指大学)学科，科目；纪律。v.①惩罚，处罚(punish)；②管教；③约束自己，严格要求。e.g.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysofdiscipliningtheirchildren.不同的文化有不同的管教孩子的方法。Trytodisciplineyourselftowriteeveryday.要想办法约束自己每天写作。10高考英语词汇手册词汇解析disciplinedadj.遵守纪律的高考英语词汇手册词汇解析

（discount~fail）

discountn.折扣，减价。Memberscangeta15%discount.会员可享受八五折优惠。offer/givesb.adiscount给某人打折haveaheateddiscussion进行一场热烈讨论dismissv.解散；解雇（=fire）.dismissaln.beindisorder处于混乱状态=beinamess；ondisplay展出,展览,陈列inthedistance在远处；fromadistance从远处；bewithinwalkingdistance几步之遥,很近distinctadj.有区别的，不同的（=different）;明显的，清楚的（=clear,obvious,apparent）distinguishAfromB=tellAfromB区别A和Bdomesticadj.①国内的domesticflights国内航班；②家庭的domesticchores[tʃɔ:z]家务；domesticappliances家用电器；domesticviolence家庭暴力；③驯养的domesticpets家养的宠物dominatev.支配，控制，主宰；dominantadj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；dominancen.e.g.Asachildhewasdominatedbyhisfather.他小时候由他父亲主宰一切。doubleadj./n./v.成双的，成对的；双倍的，两倍的；供两人使用的；(字母或数字)连续两个的；两倍，双倍；(使)加倍。e.g.adoubleroom双人房间；asingleroom单人房间；givesb.double给某人加倍；adouble-edgedsword一把双刃剑There’snodoubtthat…无可否认…draftn.&v.草稿；草案；起草.I’vemadearoughdraftoftheletter.我已写好这封信的草稿。I’lldraftaletterforyou.我来为你草拟一封信。draftern.起草人dragoneselfto/into/outof…吃力(费力地)走向/走进/走出…beagreat/enormousdrainon…对…的极大消耗e.g.Thewarwasagreatdrainonthecountry’sresources.这场战争是对国家资源的极大消耗。drawone’sattention吸引某人的注意；drawaconclusion得出结论dreamof/aboutdoingsth.梦想做某事；dreamabout…梦见…；bedressedin…穿着…driftn.&v.漂流；大意(=gist）e.g.Doyoucatchmydrift?你大概明白我的意思吗？drinktosb./sth.为…而干杯；drunkdriving酒后驾车=drink-driving;drunka.&n.喝醉的；醉汉(=drunkard);drunkena.喝醉的(仅用于名词前）drivesb.crazy/mad把某人逼疯；使某人发疯；driver’slicense(美)=drivinglicence(英)dropout退学，辍学adrownedboy一个溺水身亡的男孩；adrowningboy一个溺水/落水男孩It’slikewateroffaduck’sback.不起作用的，毫无影响的taketosth.likeducktowater.轻而易举地学会做某事dueto因为，由于(=owingto;becauseof);beduetodosth.预定做某事dulla.单调的；乏味的=boring;notinterestingatdusk在黄昏时;atdawn在拂晓时dutyn.责任;税，关税(=responsibility;obligation);asenseofduty责任感=asenseofresponsibility;duty-free免税的=tax-freebeonduty值班；beoutofduty不值班；不值勤beeagertodosth.渴望做某事=bekeen/anxioustodosth.;11高考英语词汇手册词汇解析beeagerforsth.渴望某事物=bekeenonsth.Wallshaveears.隔墙有耳。earn/makemoney赚钱；挣钱。earn/makealiving=earn/makeone’sliving谋生onearth①地球上；世界上②(用于疑问词后加强语气)究竟，到底beatease自在；不拘束ecologyn.生态学；生态。ecologicala.生态的；ecologistn.生态学家economica.经济的；economicala.节约的；economistn.经济学家edgen.边，边缘；刀刃；优势。getanedge占优势；havetheedgeover…对…更胜一筹ontheedgeofone’sseat极为激动have(an)effect/impact/influenceon/upon…对…有影响effectivea.有效的；有效果的；efficienta.有效率的；高效的makeaneffort做出努力；makeeveryefforttodosth.尽一切努力做某事putallone’seggsinonebasket.把一切希望寄托于一件事上，孤注一掷electsb.(as)president/mayor/monitor选举某人当总统//班长electivea.①由选举产生的electiveseats选举席位②选修的anelectivecourse选修课electorn.选民=voterelementaryschool小学=primaryschool;elementarylevel初级水平；intermediatelevel中级水平；advancedlevel高级水平eliminatev.①消除，根除(=getridof…);②淘汰=knockoutembarrassinga.令人尴尬的；embarrasseda.感到尴尬的；syn.awkward；embarrassmentn.emphasizev.强调=stress;highlight;emphasisn.place/put/layemphasisonsth.强调某事enablesb.todosth.使某人能够做某事encounterv.&n.遇见，碰见=meet;comeacross;runinto;bumpintoencouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事put/bringanendtosth.结束某事；cometoanend结束endurev.①忍受(=bear,stand,tolerate,putupwith);②持续(=last);enduringa.①持续的，持久的；②能忍受的beengagedin…参与；从事于；忙于;beengagedtosb.与某人订婚；engagealawyer聘请律师；Readingengageshissparetime.阅读占去了他的空闲时间。engagesb’sinterest/attention吸引某人的兴趣或注意力enjoyv.享受；喜欢；欣赏；享有，拥有。enjoydoingsth.enormousa.巨大的=huge,giant,tremendous,immense,vastenougha./n./ad.足够；足够的=adequate;sufficientenrollin/on…报名注册…enterfor..报名参加…=signupfor…enthusiasmn.热情，热心。enthusiastica.热情的，热心的beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth.enthusiastn.热心人entirea.整个的，全部的=whole;entirelyad.完全地，彻底地=completelyentitlev.冠名，给…命名(或题名);给…权利(或资格).entitlesb.tosth.;entitlesb.todosth.;beentitledto(do)sth.Youwillbeentitledtoyourpensionwhenyoureach65.你到65岁就有资格领取养老金。Thisticketdoesnotentitleyoutotravelfirstclass.你拿这张票不能坐头等舱。Membershipentitlesyoutothemonthlyjournal.凭会员身份你可以获取月刊。12高考英语词汇手册词汇解析Full-timeemployeesareentitledtoreceivehealthinsurance.全职雇员都有资格享受健康保险。entrancen.入口；进入；大门口。ant.exitn.出口(处)。e.g.themainentrancetotheschool.学校的正门；thecollegeentranceexamination高考environmentalprotection环境保护envysb.sth.妒忌某人某物；withenvy妒忌地；beenviousofsb./sth.妒忌/羡慕…beequalto…①等同于，相当于；②能胜任某事；③比得上某物，能与某事媲美equipsb/sthwithsth①给…配备…e.g.Theyspentalotofmoneyequippingtheschoolwithnewcomputers.他们花了很多钱给学校配备新计算机。Heequippedhimselfwithahammerandnails.他带了一把锤子和一些钉子。beequippedwithsthTheroomsareequippedwithvideocameras.房间里都装有摄像头。beequippedtodosthTheemergencyservicesareequippedtodealwithdisastersofthiskind.应急服务机构的人员配有装备，可处理此类灾难事件。equipsbwithsth②使有知识和技能，使能够胜任Weequipstudentswiththeskillstheywillneedoncetheyleavecollege.我们向学生传授大学毕业后所需要的技能。equipsbforsth使某人能胜任做某事，使某人有能力做某事trainingthatwillequipyouforthejob能使你胜任这份工作的培训equipsbtodosth使某人能胜任做某事，使某人有能力做某事Wemustequipyoungteacherstodealwithdifficultchildren.我们必须让年轻教师有能力(或意译为指导年轻教师如何)应付不听话的孩子。equipmentn.装备，设备(不可数名词)；syn.devicen.(可数名词)beequivalentto…相当于,等同于=beequalto…;equivalent用作名词,还有“对应词”之意escapev.&n.逃脱，逃跑；逃避；避免；(液体或气体)泄露，逸出e.g.Henarrowlyescapeddeathinanavalanche['ævəlɑːntʃ].他在一次雪崩中死里逃生。Henarrowlyescapedbeingkilled.他险些丧命。Hewasluckytoescapedpunishment/beingpunished.他逃脱惩罚真是幸运。There’snoescapingthefactthatworkhasprofoundeffectsonemotionsandhealth.毫无疑问，工作会对情绪和健康产生极大的影响。essentiala.绝对必要的;极其重要的;实质的；n必需品；要点，要素。syn.necessarya.必要的，必须的；vitala.极其重要的,必不可少的;生命的;充满活力的。indispensablea.必须的，不可或缺的establishv.建立；使立足；确立。establishoneself(as/in);establisheda.已确立的；公认的e.g.HehadthreeyearsinwhichtoestablishhimselfasPrimeMinister.他有三年时间来确立自己首相的地位。Hehasestablishedhimselfasamainfigureinstatepolitics.他作为国家政治中的一位主要人物的地位已经确立。estimaten.&v.估计；评价。evaluatev.评价；评估；给…估价n.evaluationassessv.评价，评定;估价，估计.n.assessmentonChristmasEve在圣诞节前夕，在平安夜；ontheeveoftheelection在选举前夕goodandevil善与恶setanexampleto/forsb.为某人树立榜样；leadbyexample以身作则；13高考英语词汇手册词汇解析take…forexample以…为例exceptprep.除…之外(不可用于句首)；cf.exceptfor…除掉某物中的部分e.g.Youcanhaveanyofthecakesexceptthisone.你可以拿任何一块蛋糕，但这块除外。Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.你的作文很好，除了一些拼写错误。excusesbfor(doing)sthe.g.Pleaseexcusemeforbeingsolatetoday.请原谅，我今天来得太晚了。Smithcanbeexcusedforhislackofinterestinthecourse.史密斯对这门课不感兴趣是情有可原的。exercisen.&v.练习；锻炼(=workout;而workout是名词)；行使；履行e.g.Thereareplanstoencouragepeopletoexercisetheirrighttovote.有计划鼓励人们行使投票权。It’simportanttoexercise/workoutregularly.经常锻炼很重要。exhaustv.耗尽；使筋疲力尽。exhausteda.感到筋疲力尽的；exhaustinga.令人疲惫不堪的exhaustion[ɪɡ'zɔːstʃən]n.精疲力竭;用光,耗尽;(气体等的)排出，放出existv.存在；existencen.;comeintoexistence开始出现/存在；产生expandv.扩大；展开；膨胀(ant.contract[kən'trækt]v.收缩；缩小)e.g.Theyhopetoexpandtheircompany.他们希望扩大公司的规模。Heatexpandsmostmetals.加热使大多数金属膨胀。Mostmetalsexpandwithheat.大多数金属受热膨胀。Theeagleexpandeditswings.鹰展开双翅。expectv.预料；预期；预计。expecttodosth.;expectsb.todosth.;asexpected不出所料；正如预期的那样。expectalotofsb.对某人要求很高；expecttoomuchofsb.对某人要求过高expectationn.;unexpected出乎预料的。Hiswifeisexpecting.他妻子正有身孕。atanyexpense不惜代价，不管花多少钱=atanycost；attheexpenseof…以…为代价expensivea.昂贵的=dear,costlydo/conduct/perform/carryoutanexperiment做实验beexperton/in/at(doing)sth.对于(做)某事很在行exposesb.tosth.=beexposedto使某人接触到某物；使某人暴露在…e.g.Somechildrenareneverexposedtoclassicalmusic.有些孩子从来没有接触过古典音乐。Awisemotherneverexposesherchildrentotheslightestpossibilityofdanger.一个明智的母亲从不会置其孩子于丝毫可能的危险中。(或：…让其孩子暴露在…危险中)exposuren.暴露Prolonged(a.长期的)exposuretothesuncancauseskincancer.长时间晒太阳会导致皮肤癌。expressoneself表达自己的意思ThewritercanexpresshimselfcorrectlyinEnglish.这位作家能用英语正确地表达自己的意思。extensivea.广阔的；大量的；广泛的。ant.intensivea.强化的，加强的；密集的extensivereading泛读；intensivereading精读；intensivetraining强化训练；集中训练toacertain/someextent/degree一定程度上；toalarge/greatextent很大程度上gotoextremes走极端befacedwith…面对着…;面临着…;facetoface面对面地；inthefaceofsth.在面对…时loseface丢脸，失面子；saveface保全面子14高考英语词汇手册词汇解析failtodosth.未能做成某；failuren.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败是成功之母。高考英语词汇手册词汇解析

（faith~innocent）

havefaithin…相信…befamiliarwith…对…熟悉；熟悉…befamiliartosb.…为某人所熟悉befamous/knownfor…因为…而著称；befamous/knownas…作为…而著称fancydoing…真想不到做某事。Fancymeetingyouhere.真想不到在这里见到你。have/holdafarewellparty举办一个欢送会beinfashion正在流行的fastenone’sseatbelt系好安全带findfaultwith…对…吹毛求疵beinfavourof…支持同意赞成;doafavourforsb.=dosb.afavour帮某人一个忙befavourableto…有利于…befedupwith…对…感到非常厌倦。(cf.beboredwith;betiredof,besickof)figureout计算出；想出；理解befilledwith…充满；装满；填满；挤满=befullofsetofffireworks放烟火greenfingers园艺技能fish(about/around)forsth.摸找某物e.g.Shefishedaroundinherpurseforaphoto.她在钱包里翻找一张照片。Chrisfishedinhispocketforacoin.克里斯在口袋里摸找硬币。beinflames=beonfire着火aflashinthepan昙花一现beinflower开花=beinbloom;beinblossomfocus(one’sattention)on…=concentrate(one’sattention)on…专心于…foldingchair/fan/bed折叠椅/扇子/床follow-upa.后续的；跟踪的。follow-upstudy后续研究；follow-upsurvey跟踪调查followern.追随者befondof…喜欢…makeafoolofoneself使自己出丑；makeafoolofsb.愚弄某人forbidv.禁止，不许.syn.ban,prohibitforgetfula.健忘的；forgettablea.难忘的formn.&v.表格；形式；形成.formationn.形成.intheformof…以…的形式tellone’sfortune给某人算命forwardad.向前；向未来lookforwardto(doing)sth.期待着(做)某事；v.转交；转投；转寄forwardsth.tosb.layasolidfoundationfor…为…打下牢固的基础befreeof/from…没有…的e.g.Allourdrinksarefreefromartificialcolourings.我们的饮料都不含人工色素。befreetodosth.可随意做某事frequenta.频繁的；frequentlyad.频繁地；frequencyn.频率freshwater淡水；freshmann.〔高中或大学的〕一年级学生15高考英语词汇手册词汇解析fridgen.=refrigeratorn.冰箱makefriendswithsb.与某人交朋友befrightenedof…害怕…;befrightenedtodosth.不敢做某事befrightenedtodeath怕得要命infrontof…在…的前面；inthefrontof…在…（某一空间里面的）的前面fulfilone’sambitiontobe…实现当…的抱负；fulfilone’spotential充分发挥某人的潜能fundamentala.基础的；主要的；基本的，根本的e.g.thefundamentalprinciplesoflibertyandequality自由和平等这两个基本原则Wehavetotacklethefundamentalcauseoftheproblem.我们必须解决问题的根本原因。Noviceprogrammerssometimesmakefundamentalerrors.新手程序员有时会犯根本性的错误。fundamentalhumanrights基本funeraln.葬礼；ant.weddingn.婚礼apieceoffurniture一件家具；asetoffurniture一套家具furthermoread.而且syn.moreover,besides,additionallyinthefuture将来；inthenearfuture在不久的将来；infuture从今往后Nopains,nogains.一份耕耘，一份收获；不劳则无获。artgallery美术馆;画廊generationgap代沟gasstation加油站gazeat…〔常指无意识地〕凝视，盯着看;stareat…凝视，盯着看;glareat…怒目而视…ingeneral一般地；通常=generally.generalizev.归纳出，概括出genuinea.①〔感情、欲望等〕真正的，真实的,真切的.e.g.Thereformsaremotivatedbyagenuineconcernfortheold.这些改革是出自对老年人真切的关心。②〔物品〕真的，真正的(real,authentic).e.g.Thestrapisgenuineleather.这带子是真皮的。③真诚的(honest).SheisthemostgenuinepersonI’veevermet.她是我见过的最真诚的人。cf.authentica.①正宗的，原汁原味的(genuine).e.g.authenticFrenchfood正宗的法国食品②原作的，真迹的，原创的(genuine).e.g.anauthenticworkbyPicasso毕加索的真迹③可靠的，真实的(reliable).e.g.anauthenticaccount真实可信的说法④逼真的(lifelike,vivid,realistic).e.g.Actorsdressedinauthenticcostumesre-enactedthebattle.演员们穿着逼真的戏装重现了那次战役。haveagiftfor...有…的天赋begladtodosth.很高兴做某事=bepleased/happytodosth.begladofsth.为某事感激；庆幸有某物e.g.I’mgladofyourhelp.我非常感谢你的帮助。Theyweregladofthechancetofinallygetsomesleep.他们庆幸终于有机会可以睡一会儿。glanceat…(很快地)看一眼；atfirstglance=atfirstsight咋一看Allthatglittersisnotgold.发光的东西未必是金子。e.g.Aseveryoneknows,allthatglittersisnotgold.正如人人所知，发光的东西未必是金子。graden.年级；等级，等第；分数，成绩。v.f分级；评级；评分e.g.Timworkedhardandgotgoodgrades.蒂姆努力学习，取得了好成绩。Ateacherisgradingpapersinhisoffice.一位老师正在办公室评卷。graduaten.(大学)毕业生；v.毕业。agraduatestudent研究生（美）；=postgraduate(英)16高考英语词汇手册词汇解析graduateschool研究生院grammaticalrules语法规则takesth.forgranted认为某事理所当然；takeitforgranted(that)想当然地认为；认为…是理所当然e.g.Hetookitforgrantedthathewouldpasstheexam.他想当然地认为自己能通过考试呢。begrateful/thankful/obligedtosb.forsth.因某事感激某人guaranteev.保证；担保.guaranteetodosth.保证做某事；guaranteethat…保证…guaranteen.保修单；保用证书（syn.warranty）afive-yearguarantee5年的保修期；beunderguarantee在保修期内beguiltyof…对…感到内疚form/developthehabitofdoingsth.…养成做某事的习惯hangon别挂断(电话);hangup挂断Sthhappenstosb.某人发生某事；happentodosth.碰巧做某事;Ithappensthat..碰巧…happen,occur(尤指意外地)发生；takeplace(尤指按照计划或已经)发生，进行harbourn.港口=portbehardonsb.过分严厉对待某人，对某人苛刻doharmto…对…造成伤害harmonyn.和谐；harmoniousa.和谐的hesitatetodosth.犹豫不决做某事；withouthesitation毫不犹豫地athomeandabroad国内外identifyv.认出；鉴定;确定；发现；identifywithsb.与某人有同感；与某人产生共鸣inhonourof向…表示敬意；为纪念…；为了庆祝…inthehopeofdoingsth.希望能做某事broadenone’shorizons开阔眼界beignorantof…对…无知speakillofsb.说某人坏话imaginedoingsth.想象做某事；imaginesb.doingsth.;imaginesb.tobe…imaginativea.富有想象力的;imaginarya.假想的；虚构的;imaginablea.可想象到的immigratev.作为移民入境定居；移入.emigratev.移居国外；migratev.〔尤指为找工作〕移居，迁移;〔鸟或兽〕移栖，迁徙.immigrant['ɪmɪɡrənt]n.(外来)移民;emigrant['emɪɡrənt]n.〔移居外国的〕移民;migrant['maɪɡrənt]n.(尤指为了寻找工作而迁移的)移民，移居者impactn.影响；作用；冲击(力)；撞击(力)haveanimpact/effect/influenceon…对…有影响imposev.征税；把…强加于…imposesth.onsb.Parentsimposetheirownmoralvaluesontheirchildren父母把自己的道德观强加给自己的孩子；toimposedutiesonimportedwines向进口酒征税impresssb.withsth.以…给某人留下深刻印象；Onecandidateinparticularimpresseduswithherknowledge.尤其是有一位候选人，她的学识给我们留下了深刻的印象。impresssb.onsth.使〔某人〕了解〔某事的重要性〕;使牢记Fatherimpressedonmethevalueofhardwork.父亲向我强调努力工作的重要意义。includev.包含，包括.ant.exclude[ɪk'skluːd]v.不包括，排除.includingprep.包括incomen.(工作的)收入;(投资的)收益;earningsn.工资，收入;(公司或国家的)利润，收益ontheincrease在不断增加=ontherise;ant.onthedecrease在减少中17高考英语词汇手册词汇解析beindependentof…不依赖于；ant.bedependenton…依靠/依赖于;=dependon;relyon…independencen.；dependablea.可靠的；可信赖的=reliableindexn.索引；指标，标准；指数.indexes/indices['ɪndɪsiːz](pl.)e.g.Lookitupintheindex.在索引中查找它。indexcard索引卡；priceindex物价指数；thequalityindex质量指标indicatev.表明；象征；表示.indicationn.表明；迹象e.g.Thereareclearindicationsthattheeconomyisimproving.有明显的迹象显示经济在好转。Alltheindicationsarethatthedealwillgoaheadasplanned.从所有的迹象看，交易将按计划进行。individuala.&n.个人的；个别的；个人.individualityn.个性；个性化industryn.工业；产业；勤奋，勤劳.industriala.工业的；industriousa.勤奋的=diligentinfantn.婴儿；幼儿=babyinevitablea.不可避免的；必然(发生)的.Itisinevitablethat..e.g.It’sinevitablethatdoctorswillmaketheoccasionalmistake.医生偶尔犯错是难免的。Diseasewasaninevitableconsequenceofpoorlivingconditions.恶劣的生活条件必然诱发疾病。beinfectedwith…感染上…beinferiorto…比…差；ant.besuperiorto…优于…;inferiorityn.自卑；superiorityn.优越asenseofinferiority自卑感；asenseofsuperiority优越感haveaninfluence/effect/impacton…对…有影响;influentiala.有影响的informsb.ofsth.通知/告知某人某事；keepsb.informedofsth.让某人知道某事e.g.Thebossaskedhissecretarytokeephimwellinformedoftheprogramme'sprogress.老板要求秘书随时向他报告计划的进展情况。inhabitantn.居民=residentinheritsthfromsb①从某人那里继承某物；②经遗传得到〔父母的性格、外貌〕e.g.Heinheritedafortunefromhisgrandmother.他从祖母那儿继承了一大笔财产。Mr.Grassinheritedhisworkethicfromhisfather.格拉斯先生的职业道德遗传自他父亲。Iinheritedmymother’scurlyhair.我遗传了母亲的鬈发。initiala.开始的，最初的=original；n.名字的首字母.e.g.‘CanIhaveyourinitial,MrDavies?’‘It’sG,MrGDavies.’“戴维斯先生，您名字的首字母是什么?”“是G，G.戴维斯。”initiate[ɪ'nɪʃɪeɪt]v.开始(实施);创始；发起；向(某人)传授(技巧)e.g.initiateanewplan开始实施一个新计划。Theyhaveinitiatedadebateonterrorism.他们就发起了辩论。Manyofthemwereinitiatedintodruguseatanearlyage.他们中有很多人在早年就被教会了吸毒。initiative[ɪ'nɪʃɪətɪv]n.创新力，首创精神；倡议；主动性；积极性.a.创新的e.g.Iwishmysonwouldshowmoreinitiative.我希望我的儿子能表现得再主动一些。Whydon’tyoutaketheinitiativeandaskhimout?为什么你不主动约他出去呢?It’suptoyoutotaketheinitiativeinrepairingrelations.在修复关系方面应由你采取主动。launchanewinitiative发起一个新的倡议；lackinitiative缺乏首创精神innera.&n.内部的，里面的；内心的；内部，里面.ant.outer在外面，外面的，外部的innocenta.清白的；无罪的；天真无邪的.innocencen.e.g.Canyouproveyourinnocence?你能证明自己清白吗?18高考英语词汇手册词汇解析theinnocenceofchildhood童年的纯真高考英语词汇手册词汇解析

（innovation~loyal）

innovation[‚ɪnə'veɪʃən]n.改革；创新；新方法e.g.Thistechnicalinnovationwillsaveusmuchtimeandlabour.这项技术革新可以为我们节省大量的时间和劳力。innovate['ɪnəveɪt]v.创新；改革e.g.Wemustconstantlyadaptandinnovatetoensuresuccessinagrowingmarket.我们必须不时地适应并创新，以确保在不断扩大的市场中取得成功。toinnovatenewproducts创造新产品innovative['ɪnəveɪtɪv]a.革新的；创新的e.g.Therewillbeaprizeforthemostinnovativedesign.将设立一项最具创意设计奖。inspirev.鼓舞，激励;inspiresb.todosth.e.g.Weneedsomeonewhocaninspiretheteam.我们需要一个能鼓舞团队士气的人。Inspiredbythesunnyweather,Idecidedtoexplorethewoods.阳光明媚的天气令人振奋，我决定到森林里寻幽探胜。Heinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotakeupthesport.他激励了很多年轻人参与这项运inspirationn.①启示；灵感②鼓舞；激励；鼓舞(或激励)人心的人(或事物)e.g.Hehadasuddenflashofinspiration.他突然灵感闪现。instinctn.本能；直觉；天性e.g.Herinstincttoldherthatsomethingwaswrong.直觉告诉她有些不对劲。Animalshaveanaturalinstinctforsurvival.动物有求生的自然本能。intensivea.加强的，集中的；密集的e.g.aone-weekintensivecourseinEnglish为期一周的英语强化课程aknowledge-intensiveindustry知识密集型的行业intensivefarming/agriculture集约式耕作/农业intensivereading精读ant.extensiveadj.①广阔的；大量的；大规模的②广泛的，全面的e.g.theextensiveuseofpesticides杀虫剂的大量使用；Extensiveresearchisbeingdoneintotheconnectionbetweenthediseaseandpoorlivingconditions.人们正在全面研究该疾病和恶劣居住条件之间的联系。Theexhibitionhasreceivedextensivecoverageinthenationalpress.这次展览会得到了全国媒体的广泛报道。extensivereading泛读intermediateadj.中等的；中间的；中级的；中等程度的；中级水平的e.g.abookaimedatstudentsattheintermediatelevelandabove一本针对中等及以上程度学生的书intermediatelearnersofEnglish中等程度英语学习者anintermediatestageduringwhichthediseaseisdormant['dɔːmənt]疾病处于潜伏状态的中期cf.primary/junior初级的；advanced高级的19高考英语词汇手册词汇解析internala.内部的；内在的；体内的；内心的；国内的（=domestic）e.g.internalmarkets国内市场There’stobeaninternalinquiryintothewholeaffair.对整个事件将进行内部调查。internaldoubts内心的疑虑;internalorgans/injuries内脏/内伤ant.externaladj.外部的；外面的;外来的;外国的e.g.influencesfromtheexternalenvironment来自外部环境的影响interpretv.解释；把…理解为；翻译，口译e.g.Thestudentswereaskedtointerpretthepoem.学生们被要求解释那首诗的意义。Ididn’tknowwhethertointerprethersilenceasacceptanceorrefusal.我不知道该把她的沉默理解为接受还是拒绝。Shecouldn’tspeakmuchEnglishsoherchildrenhadtointerpretforher.她讲不了几句英语，所以她的孩子们得给她翻译。intervaln.间隔；幕间休息e.g.Theintervalbetweenarrestandtrialcanbeuptosixmonths.从逮捕到审判之间的间隔时间可达六个月。atregularintervals每隔一定时间；(物件)按相同间距(摆放);atintervals不时Thephonerangatregularintervalsallafternoon.整个下午每隔一定时间电话铃就响一次。Treeshadbeenplantedatregularintervals.树已按均距栽种。Hisspeechwasinterruptedbyapplauseatintervals.他的演讲不时地被掌声打断。involvev.包含；需要;涉及;参与involvedoing;involvementn.e.g.Ididn’trealizeputtingonaplayinvolvedsomuchwork.我没想到上演一出戏剧需要做这么多的工作。Runningyourownbusinessusuallyinvolvesworkingovertime.自己经营企业往往要经常加班。Trytoinvolveasmanychildrenaspossibleinthegame.尽量让多一些孩子参与游戏。Therewasaseriousincidentinvolvingagroupofyouths.有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。beinvolvedin…参与…;从事…;涉及…invest(sth)insth投资；投入e.g.Olivermadeafortunebyinvestinginantiquefurniture.奥利弗投资古董家具发了财。WilliamsinvestedalargesumofmoneyinSwissstocks.威廉斯投资了一大笔钱购买瑞士股票。Everyoneherehasalotoftimeinvestedintheircareers.这里的每个人都在自己的事业上投入大量时间。isolatev.使隔离；使孤立e.g.Thepatientwasimmediatelyisolated.病人被立即隔离。Computersandnetworksisolateusfromoneanother.计算机和网络将我们彼此孤立开来。isolatedadj.孤独的；偏僻的e.gYoungmothersoftenfeelisolated.年轻的妈妈常常感到孤独。Notmanypeoplevisitthisisolatedsmalltown.没有多少人到这个偏僻的小镇来参观。bejealousof…嫉妒…=beenviousof…e.g.Whyareyousojealousofhissuccess?你为什么这么嫉妒他的成功？20高考英语词汇手册词汇解析jeweln.宝石jewellery(BrE);jewelry(AmE)珠宝，首饰（不可数名词）beoutofajob失业；dothejob起作用，有效；doagoodjob干得好playajokeonsb.开某人玩笑makeajourneytosp.…去某地旅行bewildwithjoy欣喜若狂judgingfrom/by…e.g.Judgingfromwhathesaid,hewasverydisappointed.根据他的话来判断，他非常失望。Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.勿以貌取人。jumpthequeue插队；jumptoaconclusion贸然下结论bejuniortosb.比某人年级小；beseniortosb.比某人年级大e.g.Heisthreeyearsjuniortome.他比我小三岁。=Heisthreeyearsmyjunior.=Heismyjuniorbythreeyears.Heisthreeyearsseniortome.他比我大三岁。bekeentodosth.;bekeenondoingsth.热衷的，渴望的，热切的；喜欢的；灵敏的，敏锐的e.g.Hetoldmethathewaskeentohelp.他告诉我说他很想帮忙。Iwasn’tkeenongoingthereonmyown.我并不渴望一个人去那里。Myflatmateswanttohaveaparty,butI’mnotkeenontheidea.我同公寓的室友想办个派对，但我却不喜欢这个主意。Dogshaveaverykeensenseofsmell.狗的嗅觉十分灵敏。cf.beeagertodosth.;beeagerfor…;kickoff开始=startflyakite放风筝knitasweater织毛衣knockdownsb./sth.击倒某人；拆除某物tieaknot=tiesth.inaknot打结haveagoodknowledgeof…通晓…;对…很熟悉tothebestofone’sknowledge,据某人所知,…belackinginsth.缺乏某物；forlackofsth.因为缺乏某物byland由陆路；onland在陆地上theLanternFestival元宵节beatlarge在逃的；未被捕获的lastbutnotleast最后但同样重要的一点lately=recently最近theformer前者；thelatter后者laundryn.洗衣店，洗衣房(可数名词)；待洗的衣物；刚洗过的衣物(不可数名词)launchv.&n.发射；发动，发起;使(船)下水e.g.Theorganizationhaslaunchedacampaigntoraise$150,000.为了筹集15万美元，该组织发起了一场募捐活动。AtestsatellitewaslaunchedfromCapeCanaveral.一颗实验人造卫星从卡纳维拉尔角发射升空。Thearegoingtolaunchacargoshipfromtheshipyard他们打算使货轮从船坞下水Theylaunchedaviolentattackontheenemyatdawn.21高考英语词汇手册词汇解析他们在拂晓时向敌人发动猛攻。turnoveranewleaf改过自新；重新做人leaksth.tosb.向某人泄露某事Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行atleast至少，起码；atmost至多，最多askforleave请假；请假三天askforthreedays’leave;请假一天askforadayoffgivealecture作讲座turn(tothe)left向左转；turn(tothe)right向右转；ontheleft在左边；ontheright在右边lendsth.tosb.借给某人某物；borrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物learnalesson吸取教训theStatueofLiberty自由女神像drivinglicense(AmE);driver'slicence(BrE)驾驶证tellalie说谎；awhitelie善意的谎言live/leadahappy(hard)life过着幸福/艰苦的生活takethelift/elevator乘坐电梯lightningn.&adj.闪电；闪电般的，很快地e.g.Twofarmworkerswerestruck/hitbylightning.两个农民遭闪电击中。atlightningspeed以闪电般的速度lightningneverstrikes(inthesameplace)twice.闪电不在一处打两次（事不过二）sb’slikesanddislikes某人的好恶e.g.Weallhaveourownlikesanddislikeswhenitcomestofood.说到食物，我们都有自己的好恶。andthelike诸如此类e.g.Soldiers,policemen,andthelikewereallcalledintohelpwiththeemergency.、等都奉令来应付这一突发事件。belikelytodosth.可能做某事；beunlikelytodosth.不可能做某事limitationn.①，制约;②〔某人或某事物的〕局限性，不足之处e.g.Despitethelimitationsofthesurvey,itdidshowsomegeneraltrends.这次调查尽管有局限性，但也确实说明了一些普遍的倾向。liquidn.&adj.液体;液体的；liquify/liquefy['likwifai]v.(使)液化gasn.气体；solidn.固体makealistof…列一个…的清单listento…听…;listenfor…等着听…;literaturen.文学;literaryadj.文学的e.g.Wearelisteningtohimplayingthepiano.我们在听他们弹钢琴。Wewerelisteningforthearrivalofthedelegation.我们等着听代表团来的消息。notalittle非常；notabit一点也不longforsth.渴望某物；longtodosth.渴望做某事；longforsb.todosth.渴望某人做某事e.g.Shelongedforthechancetospeaktohiminprivate.她渴望有机会和他私下交谈。beataloss茫然不知所措e.g.Detectivesaresofaratalosstoexplainthereasonforhisdeath.到目前为止，警探仍非常困惑，无法解释他的死亡原因。I’matalosswhattodonext.我对下一步做什么茫然不知所措。loyaladj.忠心的；忠诚的beloyaltosb.对…忠诚cf.royaladj.王室的；皇家的;n.王室；王室成员22高考英语词汇手册词汇解析e.g.theroyalpalace王宫;theroyalfamily王室;theRoyalNavy皇家海军高考英语词汇手册词汇解析

（luck~loyal）

luckn.运气；幸运.goodlucktosb.祝某人好运。tryone’sluck碰碰运气luckyadj.幸运的；unluckyadj.不幸的；luckilyadv.幸运地；unluckily=unfortunately不幸地；可惜地luggage=baggage（不可数名词）行李.apieceofluggage一件行李luxuryn.奢侈;luxurious[lʌɡ'zjʊəriəs]a.奢侈的；豪华的magazinen.杂志（指普通杂志）；journaln.杂志(指专业性、学术性的杂志)；periodical[‚pɪəri'ɒdɪkəl]n.期刊、杂志，多指定期发行的刊物，如周刊、月刊，不指日刊magica.&n.有魔力的；魔法；魔术；魔力；magicala.魔法的；美妙的。magicalpowers魔力；amagicalevening美妙的夜晚magician[mə'dʒɪʃən]n.魔术师majoradj.主要的；较大的；大多数人的；n.主修科目；某专业的学生；vi.主修~in…majorrepairs大修；majorityn.themajorityof…大多数…;beinthemajority占多数ant.minoradj.较小的，次要的；minorityn.少数；少数民族makeit[口语]达到预期目的，做到，获得成功，办成，及时赶到e.g.Ifwerun,weshouldmakeit.如果我们跑的话，应该来得及。HecametotheUSandnotonlymadeitbutmadeitbig.他来到美国，不仅成功了，而且是大获成功。managetodosth.设法做成某事=succeedindoingsth.goodmanners有礼貌；badmanners没礼貌e.g.It’sbadmannerstotalkwithyourmouthfull(=talkandeatatthesametime).吃东西时讲话是不礼貌的。onthemarket上市；可买得到的e.g.ThemanufacturerssaythedevicewillbeonthemarketbyMay.生产商说该设备将于5月前上市。markn.&v.记号；分数；作记号。fullmarks满分；topmarks最高分；leave/makeitsmarkonsb/sth对某人或某事产生影响；留下印记e.g.Growingupduringthewarhadleftitsmarkonher.战争中的成长经历在她身上留下了烙印。AmarriedB：A娶了B;marryAtoB：把A嫁给B;AismarriedtoB：A与B结婚marvelousadj.令人惊奇的；绝妙的。marveln.奇迹wonderfuladj.令人惊叹的，奇妙的;令人高兴的，使人愉快的。wondern.奇迹miraculousadj.不可思议的,非凡的;神奇的,超自然的.miraclen.奇迹do/make/work/createmarvels/wonders/miracles创造奇迹massn.大量；团，块；质量;adj.大量的；大规模的；themasses平民，群众e.g.ahighmassofrock一块高大的岩石;ahugemassofdata大量资料Thesunmakesup99.9%ofthemassofoursolarsystem.太阳占太阳系质量的99.9%。weaponsofmassdestruction大规模杀伤性武器amassmarketingcampaign大规模营销活动amatteroflifeordeath生死攸关的问题;23高考英语词汇手册词汇解析e.g.Thequalityoftheambulanceserviceisamatteroflifeanddeath.救护车服务的质量是关乎生死的问题。itdoesn’tmatter没关系;amatterofprinciple原则问题matureadj.成熟的；酿熟的，ant.immatureadj.不成熟的e.g.Lauraisverymatureforherage.相对她的年龄来说劳拉是很成熟的。maximumadj.&n.最大量，最大值;最大量的，最大限度的，最大值的.e.g.Thecarhasamaximumspeedof120mph.这辆汽车的最高时速为120英里。Hefacesamaximumofsevenyearsinprison.他面临最高7年的刑期。ant.minimumadj.&n.最小的；最低的;最少量，最小数；最低限度.maximize['mæksɪmaɪz]v.使增加到最大限度，使最大化;最大限度地利用，充分利用e.g.Thecompany’smainaimistomaximizeprofit.该公司的主要目的是要把利润最大化。Thecareercenterwillhelpyoumaximizeyouremploymentopportunities.职业介绍中心将帮助你充分利用就业机会。ant.minimize[ˈmɪnɪˌmaɪz]v.把…减至最小量[程度];将…最小化；贬低…的重要性e.g.Everyeffortisbeingmadetominimizeciviliancasualties['kæʒuəltiz].正在尽最大努力减少平民伤亡。Clickonthetopofthewindowtominimizeit.点击窗口的顶端使其最小化。24