中考英语 第三部分 专题4 主旨大意题专题训练 冀教版

〖命题分析〗

要求考生在理解全文后归纳短文大意，概括中心思想或选择短文的标题。命题方式常为find out the main point／main idea/ best title等，这些内容大都暗含在文章中。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，尤其是新闻报道类文章，第一段常常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达文章的中心思想。在文章的段落中则往往由开头的一句充当主题句，来概括该段的中心思想。但是有的文章没有主题句，在这种情况下，就需要考生通过分析全文，区分文章的主要信息与次要信息，进而总结归纳出文章大意、中心思想。

此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题思想、标题或目的，其主要提问方式是： ⑴ Which is the best title of the passage? ⑵ Which of the following is this passage about?

⑶ In this passage the writer tries to tell us that ______. ⑷ This passage mainly talks about ______.

⑸ What is the main idea (subject) of this passage? ⑹ The main point of the passage is ______.

⑺ The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is ______. ⑻ The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is ______. …

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〖真题范例〗 （北京）

I bought a jasmine plant for my ( ) 1. Before she gave office. When I bought it, I was told it the jasmine away, the would bloom(开花) and the sweet smell writer had it would fill my office. I had the plant for for . two months, and every day I looked at it, A. one day but there weren’t any flowers or pleasant smell. I was B. one year not happy, so I gave the plant to my friend Linda. C. two weeks One day, another friend Mary called and invited me D. two months to her office. When I walked in, her jasmine flowers ( ) 2. When the writer surprised me. I reached out to touch the flowers. Mary saw Mary’s jasmine, she cut some and gave them to me. I couldn’t help smelling felt _______. them. Surrounded by the sweet smell of only a handful of A. unhappy these flowers, I suddenly understood something. B. peaceful Mary bought her plant the same time I did. It took C. hopeful a year for her jasmine to bloom. I was so impatient for D. surprised mine to bloom; regretfully, I gave it away. ( ) 3. What has the In a way my life is like the jasmine plant. I need writer learned from her to be patient and let things happen. experience? Last Sunday Linda told me that she was going abroad A. Patience is the next week. Before she left, she returned the plant needed in life. to me. This time I am going to wait. I have learned that B. Flowers can make when we want something in our life, we have to be patient. life better. I am slowly learning to have that patience to wait for C. Friendship is my jasmine to bloom. necessary for us. D. Jasmine can be a wonderful plant.

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◎真题感悟

本文是一篇记叙文。文中的作者买了一株茉莉花，但是作者觉得它总是不开花而把它送给了一个朋友。后来作者在另一个朋友的办公室看到了茉莉花，才知道茉莉开花要一年的时间，是自己太没有耐心了。从这件事情中作者明白了在生活中要想得到某东西也要有耐心才行。本文共设三个小题，1. 2题为细节理解题，第3题为主旨大意题。答案：1-3 DDA

〖技巧点拨〗

专题训练

Passage 16

Everyone knows that there’s not enough land in . If you go there by air, you will land at Kai Tak Airport. It was built out into the sea. It is in the part of called Kowloon. Kowloon is one of the two big islands in .

The other island is itself. You can get there by ship or through a tunnel(隧道) under the sea.

The population of is more than six million. Chinese and English are spoken by many people there. Clothes, computers, radios, televisions are made in . It is a shopping center. You can buy all kinds of things there.

is also a beautiful city. It’s a good place for traveling. People from all over the world visit every year. You can watch dog-racing and motor-racing there. When you are hot and tired, you may rest in the small cool gardens. There are also a lot of tall buildings with comfortable rooms to live in. If you enjoy eating out, you can easily find a good place for delicious food. Foods of different flavors(风味) are served in . ( ) 1. Where was Kai Tak Airport built?

A. It was built out into the sea. B. It was built out into the lake. C. It was built out into the river D. It was built out into the pool.

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( ) 2. What’s the population of ?

A. Nearly 6 million. B. Less than 6 million. C. Over 6 million. D. Only 6 million.

( ) 3. How many kinds of products(产品) of are mentioned in this passage?

A. 7. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4.

( ) 4. Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Kai Tak Airport is in Kowloon. B. There's a lot of land in .

C. Many people in speak Chinese and English D. is a beautiful city for traveling

( ) 5. According to the passage, we know that _______.

A. is a big city with a large population B. there are almost no factories in C. few people visit ever year

D. visitors can’t enjoy delicious foods in 【篇章导读】

本文是说明文，分别介绍了的人口、语言、旅游环境等。 【答案解析】

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Passage 17

Cormorant fishing is a traditional Chinese skill, probably more than a thousand years old. Cormorants are large, black birds, which are good at catching fish. They can dive down 25 meters, and stay under water for up to two minutes.

A fisherman usually goes on a fishing trip on a bamboo boat with his

birds. When he reaches the right place, he stops. A piece of grass is tied around the neck of each bird, so that the fish won’t go down into its stomach. He pushes the birds into the water, and then bangs the water heavily with his bamboo pole(竹竿). The fish are frightened by this. The cormorants swim very quickly to catch the fish. Finally, the birds come up one after another to the fisherman. The fisherman takes the fish out of the birds’ mouths and then throws them into a big basket. Later some of the fish are sold, and the rest are divided between his family and the cormorants. At night, a light is hung from the front of the boat. This enables the fisherman see better, and also attracts the fish. ( ) 1. A cormorant ______.

A. can catch any fish under water

B. can live as long as a thousand years C. can stay under water for one minute D. can swim 25 metres every second under water

( ) 2. The fisherman ties each bird with a piece of grass in order to ______.

A. help it live longer B. help it swim more quickly C. stop it from running away D. stop it from eating the fish ( ) 3. What does the underlined word “bangs” mean in Chinese?

A.插入 B.划桨 C.拍打 D.泼水

( ) 4. What does the fisherman usually do with the fish he has caught?

A. He sells all the fish for money. B. He takes all the fish home. C. He gives some to his cormorants. D. He gives some to other families. ( ) 5. What’s the best title for the passage?

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A. Go Fishing B. Fishing with Birds C. To Live on Fishing D. Fisherman and His Life 【篇章导读】

本文介绍了中国历史悠久的传统的捕鱼方式—鸬鹚捕鱼。介绍了它们的外貌、能力、以及它们如何捕鱼的过程。 【答案解析】

Passage 18

Michelle, a famous lady, has found that more than 25% students are too fat in her country. It is a very serious problem. So she starts a health program to deal with it. The health program is to reduce (减少) the amount of fat students today and in the future.

The program will get families, schools, newspapers, magazines and TVs to join together and deal with the students’ obesity so that students will be at a healthier weight. The grogram includes: Food stores should sell healthier foods, Schools should serve healthier meals with less fat and should also offer gym classes.

The lady is trying to fight the students’ obesity all over the country because it can cause illnesses and higher health cost. She wants the students to eat right, exercise more and control their weight. She also wants the students to understand it is important to have less sweet food, and drink water, milk and fresh juices, but not to choose cokes. At the same time she has also set a good example by planting a vegetable garden. She hopes that the garden will encourage more people to plant one too.

The health program is really helpful to the students today and in the future. As she says, we cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future. ( ) 1. In Michelle’s country over _____ of the students are too fat.

A. 75%

B. a quarter

C. a half

D. 15%

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( ) 2. The word “obesity” in the second paragraph means ____ in Chinese.

A. 厌食症

B. 抑郁症

C. 肥胖症

D. 强迫症

( ) 3. What does the lady want the shops to do?

A. To offer gym classes.

B. To plant a vegetable garden D. To sell healthier foods.

C. To serve meals with less fat.

( ) 4. It’s a good way for a fat student to have _____ every day.

A. more vegetables

B. sweet foods

C. many cokes

D. much fat

( ) 5. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. The lady introduces healthy drinks. C. The lady fights obesity in students.

B. The lady cares about food cost.

D. The lady feels worried about the height.

【篇章导读】

本文介绍了Michelle女士成立一个健康组织，帮助本国孩子减肥的故事。 【答案解析】

Passage 19

Malls are popular places for Americans to go to. Some people spend so much time at malls that they are called mall rats. Mall rats shop until they visit hundreds of stores.

People like malls for many reasons. They feel safe because malls have police stations. Parking is usually free. And the weather inside

is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest places with waterfalls and large green trees.

The largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America in Minnesota. It covers 4.2 million square feet. It has 350 stores, eight nightclubs, and a large park! There are parking spaces for 12,750 cars. About 750,000 people shop there every week.

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The first indoor mall in the United States was built in 1965 in Edins Minnesota. People love doing all their shopping in one place. More malls are built around the country. Now malls are town centers where people come to do many things. They shop, and of course, they also eat in food court(广场) that have food from all over the world. They see films at theaters. Some people even get their exercise by doing the new sport of “mall walking”. Others go to malls to meet friends.

In some malls, people can see a doctor and even go to the church. In other words, people can do almost everything in malls. Now people can live in their favorite shopping centers in fact. ( ) 1. Those Americans are called mall rats.

A. who eat in food courts at malls B. who spend so much time at malls C. who enjoy themselves at malls D. who do all their shopping at malls ( ) 2. The passage gives reasons why American people like malls. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

( ) 3. According to the passage, Americans like doing shopping .

A. in one place B. in a quiet place C. in a busy place D. in different places ( ) 4. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?

A. People like to go to the mall. B. The Mall of American is noisy. C. When America had the first mall. D. The Mall of America is very large. ( ) 5. Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?

A. People can see a doctor in some malls. B. Parking is free in all the malls. C. The malls are only in big cities. D. The largest mall is in Hung Kong. 【篇章导读】

这是一篇说明文。本短文以“Malls”为中心，谈论了人们喜欢购物中心的理由，美国最大的购物中心，美国第一个购物中心的由来等情况。 【答案解析】

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4.D 主旨大意题。文中第三段由五个具体的数字体现了美国购物中心的“大”，故选D。

5.A 细节理解题。由短文最后一段第一句中“In some malls, people can see a doctor”可知：人们可以去一些购物中心看医生，故选A。 Passage 20

We have to accept the truth; sometimes, we just want to shout out loud. For example, we all have days like this; our dog has made a mess on the floor we just cleaned, or our friend called to tell us he or she couldn’t come at the last minute when we had cleaned dinner for him or her. We may be really angry but we tried to bear things like those. According to ancient Chinese wisdom (智慧), we should shout in a loud voice instead of keeping silent. In fact, it’s good for our health.

“Chinese people have passed on the practice from ancient times to now as a part of traditional medicine.” Said Mrs. Li, a 60-year-old women from Hangzhou. “My parents taught me to do this. It’s a part of our folk (民间的) culture.”

Mrs. Li is member of a group of people who love shouting. Each morning, she and some of her friends climb to top of the hill, and let out loud shouts before starting their daily exercise. They believe that shouting is good exercise for their lungs(肺) and it brings them a lot of fun.

“Sometimes I shout out and other shout back,” said Mrs. Gu, another shouting love. “It makes you happy. You laugh and then you feel very comfortable.”

Dr. Peter Calafiura, an America doctor, agrees that shouting can have a positive influence on people’s health.

So, next time you start our morning run, why not try to shout out first? It will make you healthier.

( ) 1. The underline word “bear” in Paragraph 2 means “______”in Chinese.

A. 纠正 B. 忍受 C. 铭记 D. 杜绝

( ) 2. Mrs. Li learnt to shout to make herself feel better from _______.

A. her parents B. her teacher C. Mrs. Gu D. Dr. Peter Calafiura ( ) 3. Where does Mrs. Li shout every day?

A. I n a park B. At a square C In her house D. On a hill ( ) 4. What does Dr. Caliafiura think of shouting?

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A. It’s great fun B. It’s good for people’s health C. It’s easy to learn D. It’s good exercise especially for kids ( ) 5. The passage is mainly about _______.

A. a shouting lover B. a shouting club C. the advantages of shouting D. the history of shouting 【篇章导读】

本文属于说明文。主要讲述了“shout”(喊)对人身体健康的作用。作者强调：当我们有压抑、生气等不愉快情绪的时候，“喊出来”要比憋在心里，对身体有益的多。 【答案解析】

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