中国科学院研究生英语A期中考试翻译1-20

1. WALT DISNEY

(1) Among his first efforts in this area was ―Tommy tucker’s Tooth‖ (1922), a short combining live action and animation made on assignment for a local dentist.

在这个领域中，他的第一件作品是“汤米·塔克的牙齿‖（1922），是受当地牙医委托制作的一个结合真人和动画的短片。

(2) A 1945 Look magazine article, titled ―Walt Disney: Teacher of Tomorrow,‖ described Disney as ―revolutionizing an educational system‖ and cited how the Donald Duck short ―The New Spirit,‖ made for the United States Treasury Department, affected 37 percent of Americans regarding their willingness to pay taxes.

1945年瞭望杂志有一篇文章，题目是―沃尔特·迪斯尼：明日之师‖，描述了迪斯尼是―教育系统的改革者‖，并通过其为美国财政部制作的唐老鸭短片“新精神”是如何影响37%的美国人的交税意愿加以引证。

(3) This film contributed to Disney’s being presented with an award of merit, for his contribution to public safety, by the Automobile Club of Southern California. 这部电影促成了迪斯尼获得南加利汽车协会颁发的优秀奖，以表彰他在公共安全方面做出的贡献。

(4) ―I’m not an educator. My primary purpose is to entertain----though if people want to read education into my work, that’s fine with me.‖

―我不是一个教育家。我的主要目的是娱乐大众——然而如果大家想从我的作品中读出教育的意味，我也感到非常高兴。‖ 2. DIFFUSION AND OSMOSIS

(1) Diffusion is the process by which molecules or ions scatter or spread from regions where they are in higher concentrations toward regions where they are in lower concentrations. 扩散是微小颗粒或离子分散或者从高浓度区域向低浓度区域传递的过程。

(2) Such motion is haphazard, but it account for the mixing of molecules that commonly occurs when different kinds of substances are put together. 这样的运动是不规则的，但是它对将不同种类的物质放置在一起时，通常出现微小颗粒的混合的现象作出了解释。

(3) Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion. It occurs whenever water molecules diffuse from a region of higher concentration through a selectively permeable membrane, such as a cell membrane.

渗透是一种特殊的扩散。它出现在水颗粒通过一个选择性渗透膜从高浓度区域向外进行扩散的时候，比如说细胞膜。 Unit3

1.one of the problems of watching weather forecasts on TV is that by the time they have reached your region ,you have turned out and missed the vital information you have waiting for. 2.在电视上看天气预报的问题之一就是到了播报你需要的信息的时候，你走神了就漏掉了你所等待的至关重要的信息。

3.That is not a problem in the United States where they have a channel devoted entirely to weather.Set up in 1982, the weather channel was given just weeks to survive by its critics,but such is the interest in the vagaries of the climate that it has thrived.

4.这在美国不会是问题因为美国有一个专门的天气频道，该频道在1982年建立，批评者们说这个天气频道只能幸存几个周，但是人们对天气的浓厚兴趣使得这一频道的发展欣欣向荣。

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5.Weather is a big business in the United States .the country has 750 weather zones,including eight in the New York metropolitan area alone.

6.在美国天气是一个巨大的产业，这个国家有750个天气区域，单单纽约这样的大都市就包括了8个区域。 Unit4

1.The Julian calendar,devised by Julius Caesar and based on the phases of the moon, had trouble pining down that date.

2.儒略历，由凯撒大帝根据月相设计，但是很难确定具体日期。

3.Aside from setting the first year of the Lord around Jesus’s fourth birthday,it does not account for a year 0,the concept of a whole number between minus one and one had not yet made journey from the Arab to Western Europe. Thus, the new millennium was born one years old.

4.其中的一个缺陷是将耶稣的第四个生日作为第一年，另一个缺陷是没有考虑0这一年。负1和正1之间的这个整数的概念还没有从阿拉伯传到欧洲。因此，新的一年从1开始算。 5. A TALL TALE

(1)Do you think it is possible to defeat an opponent so fierce that a glance at her turns one to stone? This was the fate of anyone who looked upon the Medusa, a dreaded monster whose hair wasmade of hissing serpents.

你认为有可能战胜一个对手，她如此凶残以至于看她一眼就会变成石头？这是任何一个看到美杜莎的人的命运，她是一个可怕的怪物，她的头发全是嘶嘶叫的蛇。

(2)The brave Perseus undertook to fight the Medusa, but he was compelled to do battle in a most awkward manner. To help Perseus in his venture, the goddess Minerva had lent him her bright shield, and the god Mercury had given him winged shoes. 勇敢的帕修斯准备与美杜莎战斗，但是他被迫以一个笨拙的方式进行战斗。为了帮助冒险中的帕修斯，女神米诺娃把她的放光盾借给他，并且天神墨丘利给他了一双可以飞行的鞋子。 (3)Cautiously he approached theawesomemonster. Usingthe imageof the Medusa inhis shield asa guide, he succeeded in cutting off her head and fixing it to the center of Minerva’s shield. 帕修斯小心翼翼的靠近了可怕的怪物。他使用盾牌上的美杜莎的形象作向导，他成功地把美杜莎的头砍下来了，并把它固定在米诺娃的盾牌的中心。

(4)Perseusthen flew to therealm of King Atlas whose chief pridewas his gardenfilledwith goldenfruit. Thirstyand near collapse, he pleaded with the King forwater to quench histhirst and fora place to rest. 帕修斯随后飞到了阿特拉斯国王的领地，这里的首领最引以为傲的便是长满金色水果的花园。帕修斯口渴并接近虚脱，他恳求国王给他一些水来止渴和并提供一个休息的地方。

(5)But Atlas feared that hewould bebetrayedinto losinghis goldenapples.He uttered just one word, ―Begone!‖Perseusfinding that hecould not pacify Atlas, responded by beckoning upon Medusa’shead. Atlas was changedimmediately into stone.

但是阿特拉斯害怕帕修斯会背叛他以至于失去他的金苹果。他只说了一个字，“滚蛋！”帕修斯发现他不能使阿特拉斯平静下来，于是以引诱他看美杜莎的头作为回应。阿特拉斯立刻变成了石头。

(6)Hishead and hairbecame forests, his body increasedin bulk and becamecliffs, and thegodsruled thatthe heaven withall its stars shouldrest upon his shoulders. Can there be aworse calamitythan thatwhich befell Atlas.

他的头和头发变成了森林，他的身体增大成一块并且变成了悬崖，并且众神规定，天上所有

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的星星都应在他的肩膀上休息。还有比降临在阿特拉斯身上的更严重的灾难吗？ 6. KEEP DREAMING (1)The

key to achievingthis seeminglyunbelievable feat liesin knowing how tomake the most ofa verynatural sleep phenomenon--dreaming.

达到这种看似不可思议的壮举的关键在于了解如何充分利用一个非常自然的睡眠现象——做梦。

(2)Toprepare for the dream, write a description inyour notebook ofthe character’s personality, physical traits, tastes in musicand art--whatever unique characteristicsyou intend to give her.

做为梦的准备，你可以在笔记本上写一个关于她个性特点、身体特征、音乐和艺术品味——任何你打算赋予她的独特个性的描述。

(3)Let the images that filled your mind during the dream return. 在梦回逝时让梦中的形象充满你的思维。

(4)Your dreams can provide you with realistic options, spicy subplots, and believable complications for your story.

你的梦可以给你的故事提供现实的选择，刺激的情节，和可信的复杂程度。 Unite7

1.After some month, the choice was made and work was about to begin when one of the companies which had not been successful complained to the minister.

2.在几个月以后，当其中没有成功的公司中的一个向抱怨的时候，已经做出了决定并且项目即将启动。

3.They said that the official who had been responsible for advising him on the choice of a company to do the work had accepted bribes.

4.他们说负责建议他由哪个公司完成这个工作的接受了贿赂。

5.The minister at once ordered an inquiry into the whole matter, and after a month had proof that the official had indeed taken bribes.

6.立刻要求对整个事件进行调查，一个月之后调查结果证明了确实接受了贿赂。 7.I didn’t just take one from the company to which i recommended that you should give the work, I took a bride from each company to favor it in my choice of the one to recommend. 8.我不仅仅是接受了建议您中标的那个公司的贿赂，我接受了每个公司的贿赂以帮助我选择哪个公司。 Unite8

1.The prototypes are frozen solid in huge refrigerators,flooded in the artificial rainstorms, driven through mud and water and up hills as steep as the steepest hill in San Francisco. They are twisted screeching around sharp corners, jolted over cobblestones, and lifted off the ground and suddenly dropped.

2.原型车在巨型的冰箱中冻得结结实实的，在人工暴雨中冲刷，在泥泞雨水中穿行，并且爬上像在旧金山最陡峭的山那样的山。原型车在急转弯处转弯时发出刺耳的声音，在鹅卵石铺成的路上颠簸，被从地上举起又突然放下。

3.A special machine opens and slams a prototype’s doors 80000 times, and other instruments test the brakes and the amount of gasoline and oil the engine uses.

原型车用专门的仪器开关撞击车门八万次，并用其他的仪器测试刹车和发动机的耗油量。 4.Since the same type cars will be sold to the customers in Maine as well as Arizona, and Montana as well as Florida, the engineers want to be sure that they will stand up under all kinds of weather

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and road conditions.

5.因为同样型号的车要被卖到Maine，Arizona，Montana，Florida这四个不同的州，工程师们想要保证他们能够承受各种天气和路况。

6.This shows them whether the car is wearing as well as they had expected, or if changes are necessary.

7.这项检查告诉工程师们车辆的磨损程度是不是和预期相同，或者是否需要改进。

8.Among the most severe tests is the head-on collision with another car. Through such tests, engineers designed a collapsing steering column and controlled crush front end and frame to protect drivers from serious injury in case of accident.

最剧烈的测试是两辆车的头部相撞，通过这项测试，工程师们设计了折叠式转向柱，可控粉碎式前端，以及用于保护驾驶员在意外车祸中受到重伤的框架。 9. THE WILL

1. The cliché in legal circles is that ―where there’s a will there are relatives‖.‖ 法律界有这么一种说法―哪里有遗嘱，哪里就有亲戚‖。

2. Countless millions of families have been torn apart and caused immeasurable pain and expense because the income producer neglected to write a will.

正是因为家庭收入生产者忽视了立遗嘱这个问题，数不清的成千上万的家庭因此支离破碎,造成不可估量的痛苦和损失。

3. There even have been cases in which families have split apart over a set of soup bowls or a couple of clay pots-because a will failed to spell out how the crockery should be divided. 甚至还有这样的例子，由于遗嘱中没有详细说明陶器如何分配，一些家庭就为了一套汤碗或几个黏土罐子而发生。

4. They didn’t know the groom well enough to be sure of him, and they had no use for his father, a widower.

他们并不十分了解新郎所以还不知道他是否可靠，而且他们并不喜欢他的鳏夫父亲。

5. Most people will take just about any advice on how to expand their wealth – but these same people will fail utterly to explore the most economical ways of passing on their assets to their survivors.

大多数人会采纳如何扩大他们财富的建议，但是这些人完全不会寻找最经济的方法把他们的财产传递给后人。 10.CALCIUM

1. What’s so frightening about this so-called silent killer is that it often does not produce symptoms for years,secretlydamaging arteries and organs throughout the body until it erupts in the form of stroke,heart attack,congestive heart failure or kidney disease. 这一所谓的潜在杀手的可怕之处在于它常年并不产生症状，而是悄悄地损坏全身的动脉和器官，直到以中风、心脏病、充血性心衰或肾脏疾病的形式爆发出来。

2. If left untreated, even mild hypertension can reduce the life expectancy of a 35-year-old by several years.

如果放弃治疗，即使是轻微的高血压，也会使一个35岁的人减寿几年。

3. Evaluating the results of a 13-year survey undertaken by the National Center for Health Statistics, James H. Dwyer, associate professor of preventive medicine at the University of Southern California School of Medicine, found that people who consumed 1300 milligrams of calcium a day were 12 percent less likely to develop hypertension than those consuming only 300 mg a day.

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南加州大学医学院预防医学副教授James H. Dwyer评估了由国家卫生统计中心承担的一项长达13年的调查研究的结果，发现那些每天摄入1300毫克钙的人罹患高血压的可能性比每天只摄入300毫克的人小12 %。

4. Soon doctors may urge some hypertension patients to increase their calcium intake, much the way they now advise sodium restriction.

很快医生们会建议一些高血压患者增加钙的摄入量，就像他们现在建议钠的摄入。 5. Our studies shows that people who try the low-sodium approach don’t stay with it very long. 我们的研究发现，那些想通过低钠盐饮食方法控制高血压的人们不能坚持很长时间。 Unit11

1.If a foreign film is captivating -say the Chinese drama Raise the Red Lantern-within a few minutes the subtitles melt away. One forgets that the characters are speaking a different languages,and the message of the film ,its plot ,its humor, come through.

2.如果一部外国电影非常有吸引力，比如说中国的戏剧大红灯笼高高挂，在几分钟之内你就不会再注意字幕了。观众会忘记电影中的角色在讲一门不同的语言，并且电影传递的信息，情节，幽默就会显现出来。

3.On the song My Heart, My Life, he also experiments with phrasing that is more direct than the unworldly style of his qawwali work.

4.在歌曲我的心，我的生活里面，他也尝试了比以往超凡脱俗的卡瓦力音乐更加直接的措辞方式。

5.Some American rock stars, perhaps seeking to fill a spiritual void in their own music, have gravitated to Khan.

6.一些美国的流行歌手，也许寻求填补他们自己的音乐的精神空虚的方法，被Khan所吸引。 7.Unit12

8.In hunting,as Oscar Wilde said,the unspeakable in pursuit of the uneatable,or is it a countryside tradition,misunderstood and defamed by over-sentimental city dwellers?

9.狩猎是像奥斯卡王尔德所说的是被坏透了的乡绅们对非食用之物的追求，还是被过分感性的城市居民所误解和诽谤的乡间传统呢？

10.They use guerrilla tactics to disrupt hunts and often end up in violent struggles with the riders,much to the delight of the television crews.

11.他们采用游击战术破坏狩猎，并经常以和狩猎者发生暴力冲突来结束，这正好符合电视台工作者的心意。

12.They see hunting as cruel,elitist and an inefficient way of controlling animals that may not need to be controlled anyway.

13.他们认为通过狩猎来控制动物是残酷的，精英主义的，低效的方式，而这些动物本来是不需要被控制的。

14.They accuse hunters of abusing not only the foxes,deer and hares that they chase,but also of cruelty to the hounds and sometimes to their horses.

15.动物保护者们控告这些狩猎者们不仅滥杀狐狸，鹿，野兔，也残忍的对待他们的猎犬和马。

13. PATTERNS OF SEA WATER

1. Unmarked and trackless though the ocean may seem to us, its surface is divided into definite zones, and the pattern of the surface water controls the distribution of its life. 对我们来说海洋似乎是无形无迹的，但是它的表面被分成了特定的区域，表面海水的形态影响着其中生命的分布。

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2. Seasonal abundance of certain forms containing reddish or brown pigments may cause the ―red water‖ known from ancient time in many parts of the world, and so common is this condition in some enclosed seas that they owe their names to it—the Red Sea is an example. 自古以来在世界的很多地方都有发现，一些含有微红色、棕色色素的生物体会在某一个特定的季节集聚，可能会形成―红水‖，在一些封闭的海域这种情况是很常见的以至于用它来做名字——红海就是因为这一原因得名。 14. NEW DANGERS

1. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as laptops, mobile phones, radio and cassette players and game machines.

虽然仍没有确认产生干扰的原因，但渐渐地，专家指出产生这些干扰应归咎于便携式电子设备，像便携式电脑，手机，收音机，录音机和游戏机等。

2. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights.

一些专家甚至更进一步地要求在整个飞行过程中都应禁止使用（电子设备）。 3. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. 目前，使用这些设备的相关规定由各航空公司来制定。

4. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.

尽管有些航空公司禁止乘客在飞机起飞和降落时使用这些设备，但是大多数航空公司由于考虑到很多乘客想在飞行过程中工作而不愿意实行全程禁止。

5. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. 专家知道，便携式电子设备会发射射线，这些射线会对飞机上用于航行和通信所使用的无线电波产生影响。

6.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable to interference raisesthe risk that terrorists may deliberately tamper with radio systems in order to sabotage navigation equipment. 飞机也许容易受到外界的干扰的事实，增加了飞行风险，因为也许会故意干预无线电系统来破坏航行设备。

1、 the foot-binding of upper-class Chinese girls and the Nigerian custom of loading women’s

legs with pounds of heavy brass wire are extreme examples, but all over the world similar stratagems have been employed to make sure that once you have caught a woman she cannot run away, and even if she stays around she cannot keep up with you.

2、 中国上层社会的姑娘的裹足现象和尼日利亚风俗中将姑娘双腿绑上几磅重黄铜线的行

为是比较极端的例子，但放眼整个社会，人们都在用类似的方法来确保一旦你追上一个女性她就跑不掉，即使他在你旁边，她也跟不上你。

3、 The lotus foot, which seems to us a deformity, was passionately admired in china for

centuries, and today most people in western society see nothing ugly in the severely compressed toes produced by modern footwear.

4、 在我们看来十分畸形的莲花足在中国却流行了很多世纪，今天很多西方社会的人并不觉

得挤在时髦女鞋里的极度压缩的脚趾有多么丑陋。

5、 The high-heeled, narrow-toed shoes that for most of this century have been an essential part

of woman’s costume are considered sexually attractive, partly because they make the legs look longer-an extended leg is the biological sign of sexual availability in several animal

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species-and because they produce what anthropologists call a –courtship strut.

6、 在这个世纪中的大部分时间中高跟窄趾鞋成为女性时装领域的主要部分，它使人更加性

感，部分原因是它们能使女性的腿看起来更修长，在一些动物物种中，长腿是求爱的生物学信号，因为长腿可以走出更加性感的步态。

7、 Worst of all, if they are worn continually from adolescence on, they deform the muscles of

the feet and legs so that it becomes even more painful and difficult to walk in flat soles.

8、 最坏的一点是，如果她们从青春期就开始持续的穿高跟鞋，脚部和腿部的肌肉会由此变

形，以至于穿平底鞋走路时她们会感到更加痛苦和艰难。

9、 The halting, tiptoe gait they produce is thought provocative-perhaps because it guarantees

that no woman wearing them can outrun a man who is chasing her. 10、 这种慢吞吞用脚尖走路的步态被认为具有挑逗性，或许因为它能保证穿着它们的女

人无法在追求她们的男人面前跑掉。 11、 Students and faculty at many colleges now have access to email-electronic mail-which

combines the capabilities of the computer with those of the phone line. 12、 现在很多大学的学生和老师已经开始使用电子邮件，电子邮件是依靠电话线来联合

计算机的能力。 13、 No matter how many massages you send or how far you send them, your college or

university does not pay anything beyond the fixed amount required to maintain its own proportion of the internet. 14、 无论你发送多少信息或者你把这些信息发送多远，你的学院或是大学不会支付任何

超出维护互联网自身的那部分费用。 15、 As important as speed is the fact that the documents traveling directly from computer

to computer remain as computer files rather than as a fixed printed page. 16、 除了速度快这个优点，电脑文件还可以作为一个文档而不是一个固定的打印页从一

台计算机传到另一台计算机。 17. DRY MOUTH

1. Dry mouth is causedwhen the salivary glands inside the mouth do not produce saliva. This could result from an infection in the gland or from smoking or anxiety. 当口腔中的唾液腺不产生唾液时会导致口干。这也许是腺体感染，或者抽烟或者焦虑引起的。 2. Dry mouth is often caused by antihistaminemedicinesand decongestants taken to treat the common cold.

口干经常由服用普通感冒的抗组胺药和解充血药引起。

3. Dry mouth also can be caused by a serious disease called Sheehan’s syndrome. This is a disease that affects fluid producing glands throughout the body including the salivaryglands.

席汉氏综合症也可以导致口干。这是一种影响全身产生体液的腺体包括唾液腺的疾病。 18. ESKIMOS

1. Although this may have been true for some Arctic region Eskimos, it was not indicative of the life of most Alaskan Eskimos.

尽管对一些北极地区的爱斯基摩人来说这些情况是真实的，但不能代表大多数阿拉斯加爱斯基摩人的生活状态。

2. Some groups were quite mobile, since they subsisted mainly on the hunting of migrating caribou. Other groups were more sedentary and settled in coastal areas where whales and seals could be hunted.

一些群落是不定居的，因此他们移动主要依据狩猎移动的北美驯鹿。另一些群落是定居的，

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并且居住在海边，在那里他们可以捕捉到鲸鱼和海豹。

3. This kind of life-style that a particular group of Alaskan Eskimos followed at the time of the first European exploration of their homeland largely depended on the environment. 就在第一批欧洲人探索阿拉斯加州地区的时候，那里的爱斯基摩人的特殊族群所沿用的生活方式在很大程度上依赖于环境。

4. In the center of the community was a large structure known as a men’s club or communal house.This clubhouse was used by the men for various activities in their leisure time. 在这个社区的中心是一个很大的被称为男士俱乐部或公共的房屋的建筑。在空闲时间里，这个房子被用来举办各种各样的活动。

5. Also included in most communities were drying racks for meat and fish and storage pits where supplies for use during the winter months might be kept.

大多社区中也有肉和鱼的风干架，及用于储藏冬季数月食粮的储藏窖。 19.NAVIGATION

1. Such migrations optimize the environment for the organisms, as they move to areas where food is plentiful, breeding is safest or temperatures are optimal. 这种迁徙使得生物的生存环境得到了优化，因为它们往往是迁往食物丰富，繁殖安全或者温度适宜的地方。

2. There is little experimental evidence for celestial navigation in animals other than humans, since the organism must localize itself on the earth’s surface as well as maintain compass heading. 除了人类，鲜有实验证据可以证明动物也可以进行天体导航，因为这要求生物体必须将自己定位在地球表面上，同时保持罗盘的方向一致。

3. They seem to be due not to genetic or inborn traits, but rather to a sort of environmental imparting.

它们似乎不是由于遗传或与生俱来的特征，而是一种对环境的铭记。

4. In other words, the animal has learned some recognizable aspect of its environment, and navigation consists of a search pattern followed until some environmental feature is recognized. The animal then moves towards this feature.

换句话说，动物已经学会辨别一些环境特征，导航就是基于这种能力的一种搜索模式。动物向有这种特点的环境迁徙。

20. CHILDREN’S INTELLIGENCE

1. Now they’re doing well in school. But should you be taking credit? According to some scientists, your children would have done just as well without your zealous efforts. 现在孩子们在学校表现得很好，但是这应该归功于父母吗？一些科学家指出，即使没有父母的极大努力，孩子们也能表现得很好。

2. In the wake of the controversy that book stirred，The Wall Street Journal published a statement signed by 52 researchers saying studies ― indicate that genetics plays a bigger role than does environment in creating I.Q. differences‖. 紧接着这本书引起争论后，《华尔街》杂志刊登了一篇由52个研究员署名的声明，表明在产生智力差异方面基因比环境发挥了更大的作用。

3.Are efforts to improve their kids’ academic skills just time down the drain? 难道提高孩子学术技能的努力仅仅是在浪费时间吗？

4. The American Psychological Association recently chose a task force to examine genetic versus environmental influences on intelligence.

美国心理协会最近选择了一个特别的工作组来调查基因与环境对智力的影响。

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5. Indeed, a growing number of research shows that, especially in the early years of life when the brain is still taking shape, parental attention – even such a simple activity as playing peekaboo – helps to construct the complex brain circuitry essential to intellectual development. 尤其是在大脑不断塑造的生命的早期，父母的关心，哪怕是陪孩子玩一个这种简单的活动，对关于孩子智力发展的复杂大脑回路的塑造都很有帮助。

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