考研英语(二)模拟试卷162(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（二）模拟试卷162 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)

Kelly Sortino had a tough time recalling what she’ d accomplished at the end of each busy workday. Her job as head of the upper school for the Crystal Springs Uplands School in Hillsborough, Calif., often【C1】______working 12-hour days, including weekends and evenings. She enjoyed the【C2】______but worried that she wasn’ t accomplishing everything she needed to. “I felt as if I wasn’ t really having the time to do more of the strategic and 【C3】______ work to make those larger changes at the school.” says Ms. Sortino. She decided to【C4】______a workshop at Stanford University on how to simplify work processes and reduce waste. She learned,【C5】______, to block out her time more efficiently and minimize distractions. She also 【C6】______ herself to systematically completing her daily task list and to completely clearing her email inbox and workspace on a regular【C7】______. The changes【C8】______a marked improvement in her time management. Ms. Sortino 【C9】______ works on weekends, but only as needed. It’s a tough time to be productive. Globalization, increased competition and the jarring immediacy of technology have made it difficult for modern employees to【C10】______on top of their growing workloads while maintaining a good work-life balance.【C11】______, experts say small adjustments to how employees【C12】______work can have a big impact on their workplace efficiency. Learn to prioritize and to commit yourself to working in【C13】______blocks of time throughout the day. A 2009 Stanford University study found that multitasking is less productive than single-tasking and that many self-proclaimed multitaskers have difficulty【C14】______out irrelevant information, further【C15】______their performance. It’s especially important to【C16】______what motivates the decisions your boss makes. Most subordinates have an employee-centric view【C17】______their managers, which tends not to be accurate. A better understanding of your boss can help you to “sell” the advice about【C18】______changes that can benefit the department and company.【C19】______with your boss to prioritize important work and eliminate unproductive tasks. Employees may think changing job functions is risky,【C20】______being proactive can impress your boss.

1． 【C1】 A．required B．forced C．compelled D．requested

正确答案：A

解析：根据第一段首句“每个忙碌的工作日结束，凯利.索尔蒂诺总是很难回想起这一 天究竟成就了什么”可知，凯利.索尔蒂诺的工作较繁忙，空格所在句子的主干为“她的 工作常常______她每天工作12小时”，所以应该选择表示“要求，需要”的动词，故A。re quired“要求”为正确答案。force“强迫，强加”和compel“强迫，迫使；强使发生”语气较 重。request“请求，请求得到；索取”，一般是下级对上级的，也排除。

2． 【C2】 A．title B．overtime C．recall D．work

正确答案：D

解析：本句句意为“她很享受______，但担心自己没有完成所有的任务”，根据转折词 but以及后面的worried，accomplishing，make those larger changes可知，凯利.索尔蒂诺 是喜欢这份工作的，只是担心不能完成工作，故

D．work“工作”为正确答案。文中只是客 观陈述她加班的事实，并没有反映出她对加班的态度，故overtime“加班”不符合文意。 title“头衔，称谓”和recall“回忆”与but后面的内容“担心不能完成所有的任务”不构成 意思上的转折，故排除。

3． 【C3】 A．complicated B．visioning C．important D．regular

正确答案：B

解析：此处需要填入一个形容词，与strategic“战略性的”共同修饰后面的work，而且做 这项工作的目的是make those larger changes at the school“让学校发生更大的变化”，所 以这样的工作涉及学校将来的发展，故

B．visioning“有远见的，前瞻性的”为正确答案。 complicated“复杂的”和regular“普通的；正式的”与策略和工作目的都不搭。important “重要的”虽然词义的方向正确，但是visioning比important表意更精准，故排除impor tant。

4． 【C4】 A．participate B．have C．start D．take

正确答案：D

解析：考生首先要确认workshop的含义，根据后面的Stanford University和learned可 知，该名词在此处意为“研讨会，研习班”，“参加研习班”的英文表达是take a workshop， 故

D．take“参加”为正确答案。participate作“参加”讲时，是不及物动词，应该加介词in， 故排除。have a workshop意为“有一个研讨班”，start a workshop意为“启动一个研讨 班”，二者均不符合文意，故排除。

5． 【C5】 A．by the way B．in fact

C．for example D．in particular

正确答案：C 解析：根据第二段首句可知，这个研习班是教如何简化工作流程和减少时间浪费的，画 线处所在句子指出她学到的______有效规划时间等内容，故本句是对首句的具体阐述 和例证，

C．for exampie“例如”符合文意，为正确答案。她“参加一个简化工作流程和减少 时间浪费的研习班”就是可以“学到如何更有效地规划时间以及怎样把注意力分散减到 最少”，这是很自然的顺承关系，并非是“顺便”“实际上”“尤其”学到，故排除A、B、D项。

6． 【C6】 A．contribute B．commit C．ask D．allow

正确答案：B 解析：本句句意为“她还______自己有条不紊地完成每天的工作任务……”，此处需要 填入动词，构成短语v．+oneself to doing sth．，根据句意可知commit oneself to doing sth． “致力于做某事”符合文意，故B项为正确答案。ask“要求”和allow“允许”均构成v．+sb． to do sth．，故排除。contribute oneself to doing sth．“对……做贡献”虽然搭配正确，但是不 符合文意，故排除。

7． 【C7】 A．scale B．amount C．basis D．time

正确答案：C

解析：本句句意为“……完成每天的工作任务，以及______清理电子邮箱和

办公区”，将 四个选项分别代入句中，其中on a regular basis“定期地，经常地”最符合文意，故

C．basis 为正确答案。on a regular scale“在常规范围内”和on a regular amount“在常规数量内”意 思上均不符合。如果用time，介词通常用at，即at a regular time“在常规时间内”，故排除 D项。

8． 【C8】 A．made B．followed C．meant D．produced

正确答案：D

解析：本句意在表达这些变化带来进步，produce“产生，引起，导致”代入句中，构成The changes produced a marked improvement“这些变化带来了明显的进步”，符合文意，故

D． produced项为正确答案。短语make an improvement“取得进步”的主语通常是人，故排 除。follow“跟随，追随”和mean“意味着”代入文中，表意均不准确，故排除。

9． 【C9】 A．still B．also C．seldom D．sometimes

正确答案：A

解析：文章第一段讲索尔蒂诺由于没有高效地规划时间，所以常常加班；第二段讲她参 加了研习班来学习如何更好地利用时间，并有了明显的改善；空格处所在的句子句意为 “索尔蒂诺女士______在周末加班，但只在必要的时候”。根据上述内容及转折词but可 知，索尔蒂诺现在还会加班，所以A．still“仍然”符合文意，为正确答案。副词also“也．而 且，同样”和sometimes“有时”不能和前文及but后的内容形成强烈的转折。seldom“很 少，不常”与文意相反，也排除。

10． 【C10】 A．relax B．compete C．stay D．work

正确答案：C

解析：根据本句句意“在全球化浪潮来临、竞争压力加剧和技术革新快得让人喘不过气 来的今天，员工们很难在______不断增加的工作量的同时还能保持

工作与生活的良性 平衡”可知，此处应该表达“应对，克服”的意思，stay on top of sth．意为“保持一切在掌控 之中”，符合文意，故

C．stay为正确答案。relax“放松”代入句中指“在不断增加的工作量 上放松”，与后面的while不构成反向对比，故排除。compete“竞争，比赛”不符合文意。 work“工作”与on搭配，意为“从事于……，继续工作”与文意不符，也排除。

11． 【C11】 A．Besides B．Therefore C．Fortunately D．Otherwise

正确答案：C 解析：根据上句中的difficult和本句中的adjustments，have a big impact可知，两句间有 转折关系，故

C．Fortunately“幸运地”代入句中，符合文意，为正确答案。Besides“此外，而 且”表示递进，Therefore“因此，所以”表示因果，Otherwise“否则”，三者均不符合文意， 故排除。

12． 【C12】 A．stick to B．think about C．start with D．take over

正确答案：B 解析：本句句意为“专家们说小幅调整员工对工作的______可以对他们的工作效率产 生重大影响”，并且首句指出“提高效率并不容易”，所以本句意在说明“小幅调整很小的 方面就能影响效率”，故

B．think about“想，思考，考虑(尤指考虑计划、意见的可行性)” 符合文意，为正确答案。stick to work“坚持工作”，start with work“从工作开始”，take over work“接管工作”均不符合文意，故排除。

13． 【C13】 A．uninterrupted B．individual C．countable D．separated

正确答案：A

解析：作答本题需要从下一句找线索，本段第二句提到“执行多项任务的效率要低于只 执行单一任务的效率”，关键线索是multitasking“执行多项任务”，故此处表示一项工作 在连续、不间断的时间内完成，故A．uninterrupted“不间

断的，连续的”为正确答案。indi vidual“个别的，独特的”和countable“可计算的，能算的”不符合文意。separated“分开的” 属于反向干扰。

14． 【C14】 A．figuring B．finding C．picking D．filtering

正确答案：D

解析：根据本句“斯坦福大学2009年的一项研究发现，同时执行多项任务的效率要低 于只执行单一任务的效率，而且许多宣称自己能同时做多件事情的人都很难______不 相关的信息”可知，此处表示“排除、过滤掉”不相关的信息，filter out“过滤，滤除”符合文 意，故

D．filtering为正确答案。figure out“解决；算出；想出”，find out“找到，找出”，pick out“挑选出”，均排除。

15． 【C15】 A．increase B．diminish C．accumulate D．destroy

正确答案：B

解析：根据空格前的further和前面的difficulty可知，此处需要选择表示消极、反面意义 的动词，故首先排除A项和C项。diminish“使减少，使变小”代入文中活译为“从而使他 们的表现打了更多折扣”，符合文意，故

B．diminish为正确答案。destroy“破坏，毁灭”指 彻底破坏，以致不可能修复，不符合文意。

16． 【C16】 A．guess

B．understand C．collect D．imagine

正确答案：B

解析：根据本句句意“试着______老板做决定的动机，这一点尤其重要”以及本段第三 句中的A better understanding of your boss“更好地了解老板的想法”可知，

B．understand “了解”为正确答案。guess“猜测”，collect“收集”，imagine“想象”，均表意不精准，故排除。

17． 【C17】

A．in B．on C．for D．of

正确答案：D

解析：本句句意为“大多数下属主要从雇员的角度出发看待上司，这样的看法往往是不 正确的”，表示“对……的看法”用have a view of，故

D．of为正确答案。in，on，for均无此 用法，故排除。

18． 【C18】 A．process B．time C．staff D．system

正确答案：A

解析：本句句意为“更好地了解老板的想法有助于你向上司“推销”有利于部门和整个 公司的______调整建议”，根据下一句中的prioritize important work and eliminate unpro ductive tasks可知，这一调整是有关过程／流程的，故A．process“过程，程序”为正确答 案。time“时间”，staff“员工”，system“体系，系统”，均与文意不符，故排除。

19． 【C19】 A．Accompany B．Operate C．Follow D．Work

正确答案：D

解析：本句句意为“______你的老板，优先处理重要的工作，取消徒劳的工作任务”，此 处意在说明“你需要配合着老板，与老板一起提高工作效率”，work with“与……共事，与 ……一起工作”符合文意，故

D．Work为正确答案。Accompany“陪伴”和Operate“操作” 语义上不符。Follow“遵循”虽然意思上符合．但应该是Follow your boss，故排除。

20． 【C20】 A．but B．and C．so D．unless

正确答案：A

解析：根据空格前的risky、空格后的impress，your boss，以及本句句意“员

工们可能认为 改变工作职能是冒险的，______表现得积极主动可以给你的老板留下深刻的印象”可知，两个分句之间是转折关系，故A．but“但是”为正确答案。and“和”表示并列关系，so“因此”表示因果关系，unless“如果不”表示条件关系，均排除。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been reassuringly dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain valuable, but many publishers are too wary of piracy and lost sales to co-operate. A-mong the big six, only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries. The others have either denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting. In August, for example, Penguin will start a pilot with public libraries in New York. Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live, electronic book files can be downloaded at home. Digital library catalogues are often browsed at night, from a comfy sofa. The files disappear from the device when they are due(which means no late fees, nor angst about lost or damaged tomes). E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different and often incompatible e-book formats, devices and licences. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, a global distributor that secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Some 35 million titles were checked out through OverDrive in 2011, and the company now sends useful data on borrowing behavior to participating publishers. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by Over-Drive’ s market dominance, as the company can increasingly dictate fees and conditions. Publishers were miffed when OverDrive teamed up with Amazon, the world’ s biggest online bookseller, last year. Owners of Amazon’ s Kindle e-reader who want to borrow e-books from libraries are now redirected to Amazon’ s website, where they must use their Amazon account to secure a loan. Amazon then follows up with library patrons directly, letting them know they can “Buy this book” when the loan falls due. So publishers keep tweaking their lending arrangements in search of the right balance. Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year, and HarperCollins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times. Penguin plans to keep new releases out of libraries for at least six months, and each book will expire after a year. Hachette is engaged in some secret experiments, and the others are watching with bated breath. In Britain the government will soon announce a review of the matter. The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.

21． According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true? A．E-books make the relationship between libraries and publishers boring.

B．Book digitization is certain to cause piracy and lost sales.

C．Random House and HarperCollins are not willing to co-operate. D．Penguin is reluctantly experimenting.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词the first paragraph定位到第一段。由最后一句的In Au gust，for example，Penguin will start a pilot with public libraries可知，Penguin是对前面的 举例说明。倒数第二句指出either denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting，所以可 知Penguin的情况符合后者，即“勉强进行试用”，故D项为正确答案。A项“电子书让图 书馆和出版商之间的关系无聊”不符合第一句的has long been reassuringly dull“长期存 在着无聊的(关系)”。B项“图书数字化一定会引起盗版和失去销量问题”太过绝对。C 项“兰登书屋和哈珀柯林斯出版社不愿意合作”不符合第三句的only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries，故排除。

22． We can learn from the passage that printed books______. A．can save you a considerable amount of time B．cannot be browsed at night, from a comfy sofa C．may produce late fee as they expire

D．won’ t be lost or broken especially great works

正确答案：C 解析：细节题。根据题干关键词printed books定位到第二段。由Unlike printed books和 The files disappear from the device when they are due(which means no late fees，nor angst about lost or damaged tomes)可知．印刷版书籍文件可能因为到期未还而产生滞纳金，故 C项为正确答案。A项“(印刷版书籍)会节省你大量的时间”不符合第二段第二句“印刷 版书籍需要去离家几英里外的实体图书馆借阅和还书。与印刷版书籍不同，电子书籍文 件在家就可以下载”。原文第二段第三句指出“人们常在晚上坐在舒适的沙发上浏览数 字图书馆目录”，而并没有涉及印刷版书籍，所以B项“(印刷版书籍)不能在晚上坐在舒 适的沙发上浏览”在文中没有提及。D项“(印刷版书籍)不会丢失或损坏，尤其是伟大的 作品”是对原文第二段最后一句的过度推断，不符合文意。

23． OverDrive’s market dominance makes publishers and libraries feel anxious because______.

A．OverDrive protects rights from publishers B．OverDrive offers e-books and audio files

C．OverDrive borrows useful data and sends them D．OverDrive raises licensing prices and conditions

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词OverDrive’s market dominance定位到第三段。由该段最 后一句“因为OverDrive公司可以提高授权费用和条件，所以这家公司的市场占有率让 出版商和图书馆担忧”可知，题目中的because和raises

licensing prices分别是原文as和 increasingly dictate fees的同义替换，故D项为正确答案。A项“OverDrive公司保护出版 商的版权”和B项“OverDrive公司提供电子书和音频文件”虽然符合文意，但不是题干 所找的原因。C项“OverDrive公司借有用的数据并输出”是对原文第三段倒数第二句的 曲解，也不是题干所找的原因。

24． Judging from the context, the word “miffed”(Para. 4)most probably means______.

A．excited B．annoyed C．worried D．delighted

正确答案：B

解析：含义题。根据题干关键词“miffed”(Para．4)定位到第四段。通读文章可知，第四段 是对第三段的进一步延伸，第三段最后一句“因为OverDrive公司可以提高授权费用和 条件，所以这家公司的市场占有率让出版商和图书馆担忧”承上启下，所以miffed应与 worried“担忧”同义，但程度更深。miffed是形容词，意为“有点儿恼火，有点儿不高兴”， 即slightly angry or upset，同义词是annoyed，故B项为正确答案。A项“激动的，兴奋 的”、C项“担心的”和D项“高兴的”均不正确。

25． The introduction of Random House, HarperCollins, Penguin, Hachette in the last paragraph is to______.

A．find the most appropriate balance B．adjust their lending arrangements C．contribute to the Britain government D．show the story of the library e-book

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词in the last paragraph定位到第五段。该段第二、三、四句 指出“兰登书屋在今年早些时候提高了授权价格，哈珀柯林斯出版社图书馆借阅条 目的次数为26次。在企鹅出版社的计划中，新书从出版后到进入图书馆，至少要等六个 月的时间，且一年后就到期。阿歇特出版社正在进行一些秘密实验……”，这些出版社的 举措是对该段第一句“因此出版商在不断微调它们的借阅合约以找到最恰当的平衡点” 的具体说明。它们的举措是在“不断微调它们的借阅合约”，而目的是“找到最恰当的平 衡点”，故排除B项，A项为正确答案。C项“为英国做出贡献”和D项“展示电子图 书馆的故事”均是对原文的曲解，故排除。

In a famous lab trial, a chimp named Sultan put two interlocking sticks together and pulled down a bunch of bananas hanging just out of arm’s reach. Nearly a century later, eager tourists have conducted their own version of the experiment. Equipped with the camera extender known as a selfie stick, they can now reach for

flattering CinemaScope selfies wherever they go. Art museums have watched this development nervously, fearing damage to their collections or to visitors, as users swing their sticks. Now they are taking action. One by one, museums across the United States have been imposing bans on using selfie sticks for photographs inside galleries(adding them to existing rules on umbrellas, rucksacks, tripods and monopods), yet another example of how controlling overcrowding has become part of the museum mission. The Hirshhorn Museum in Washington prohibited the sticks this month, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston plans to impose a ban. In New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has been studying the matter for some time, has just decided that it, too, will forbid selfie sticks. “From now on, you will be asked quietly to put it away,” said Sree Sreenivasan, the chief digital officer at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. “It’ s one thing to take a picture at arm’ s length, but when it is three times arm’ s length, you are invading someone else’ s personal space.” The personal space of other visitors is just one problem. The artwork is another. “We do not want to have to put all the art under glass,” said Deborah Ziska, the chief of public information at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, which has been quietly enforcing a ban on selfie sticks but is in the process of adding it formally to its printed guidelines for visitors. Last but not least is the threat to the camera operator, intent on capturing the perfect shot and oblivious to the surroundings. “If people are not paying attention in the Temple of Dendur, they can end up in the water with the crocodile sculpture,” Mr. Sreenivasan said. “We have so many balconies you could fall from, and stairs you can trip on.”

26． In the first paragraph, the author suggests that_____. A．Sultan is as smart as human beings B．tourists are easy to indulge in self-pity

C．nowadays people use selfie sticks to get things out of reach

D．camera extenders are useful to people as interlocking sticks to Sultan

正确答案：D

解析：推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段。第一句句意为“一个名叫苏丹的黑猩猩 把两根连锁棍连到一起，拉下了它的手够不到的一串香蕉”，接下来文章指出现在游客 们使用自拍杆，不管走到哪儿都能随意自拍。所以，这两件物品对于各自使用者都非常 有用。故D项“相机延长器对于人们是有用的，就像连锁棍对于苏丹一样有用”为正确答 案。A项“苏丹像人类一样聪明”和B项“游客很容易自恋”属于过度推断，原文并没有体 现。人们用自拍杆自拍，并不是为了获得够不到的东西，故C项错误。

27． Recently, the newly-added items that are banned by museums in the US are______.

A．backpacks B．umbrellas C．selfie sticks

D．supporting equipment for cameras

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段。第三句意为“美国的博物馆一个接一个 发布禁令，禁止在博物馆内使用自拍杆(之前已遭禁止的物品包括伞、背包、三脚架 和单脚架)”，所以自拍杆是最近遭到禁止的物品，故C项为正确答案。backpacks是文 中rucksacks的近义词，umbrellas是原文复现，D项“相机的支撑设备”是原文tripods and monopods“三脚架和单脚架”的上义词，三项均不符合题干，故排除。

28． That US museums impose bans on using selfie sticks reveals that_____. A．visitors are overcrowded in museums B．existing rules don’ t work C．museums are taking action D．people like to wave the sticks

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段。末句的第二个分句用转折词yet连接，后 面提到“……这再次表明，控制过度拥挤已经成为博物馆的任务之一”，故A项“博物馆 里的游客过度拥挤”为正确答案。B项“现存的禁令不起作用”，C项“博物馆正在采取行 动”，D项“人们喜欢挥舞自拍杆”均不符合文意。

29． According to Sree Sreenivasan, when selfie-stick users take pictures, they______.

A．should keep quiet

B．may be easily distracted

C．cannot stretch arms three times

D．capture the shots of balconies and stairs

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三、五段。Sree Sreenivasan出现在第三段后半 部分，他说you will be asked quietly to put it away“我们将委婉地请求你把它(自拍杆)收 起来”，此处的quietly指“委婉地、平和地”，故A项“(他们)应该保持安静”不符合文意。 第三段末句中的three times指“(但是如果你伸出的东西是胳膊的)三倍”，而C项指的 是“……(伸出胳膊)三次”，故排除。第五段最后也出现了Mr．Sreenivasan，此处他说明 如果人们用自拍杆时不留神就会摔倒或被绊倒。故B项“(人们)可能容易分散注意力” 为正确答案。D项是根据文中的名词balconies和stairs出的干扰项。

30． Selfie sticks have been banned in case of all the following problems EXCEPT_____.

A．invasion of personal space B．damage to the artwork

C．waste of printed guidelines D．danger to camera users

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第四、五段。第四段“其他游客的私人空间只是其 中一个问题，艺术品则是另一个问题”承上启下，涵盖了使用自拍杆带来的两个问题，A 项和B项分别进行了概括。第五段首句是该段的中心句，指出带来的问题还有“自拍杆 对使用者同样有威胁”，D项也是问题之一。C项“浪费纸质游客指南”文章没有提到，为 正确答案。

As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe’ s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans private lives. Europe’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today’s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so. Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative—dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn’ t got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Chaining” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don’t last long—if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she’d never have wanted to do what her mother did—give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”

31． More and more young Europeans remain single because_____. A．they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism B．they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age C．they have embraced a business culture of stability D．they are pessimistic about their economic future

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。通过第一段第三句“The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle，ob serves a French sociologist，is part of the‘irresistible momentum of individualism’”(从家庭 生活向单身生活方式的转变是个人主义不可阻挡的潮流的一部分。)可以推断出人们的 这种选择是受到整个社会的这种趋势的影响，故A项“他们被压倒性的个人主义所驱使” 正确。

32． What is said about European society in the passage? A．It has fostered the trend towards small families. B．It is getting closer to American-style capitalism. C．It has limited consumer choice despite a free market. D．It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。第二段第二句话提到“The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy to the sharper，more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism．”(现在单身生活的这一代入成年时，欧洲正处在由社会民主向 更加鲜明，个人气息更浓的美式资本主义转换的时代。)即欧洲正在向美式资本主义转 变。因此，B项“它越来越接近美式资本主义”正确。其他三项均属于文中未提及的内容。

33． According to Para. 3, the newest group of singles are_____. A．warm and lighthearted B．on either side of marriage C．negative and gloomy D．healthy and wealthy

正确答案：D 解析：推断题。根据第三段最后一句“They were young，beautiful，strong!Now，young people want to live alone．”(他们年轻，漂亮，强壮!现在年轻人喜欢单独生活)及第三段 第二句中的“the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasing- ly view living alone as a lifestyle choice．”(最新的单身者是那些越来越多的选择独身生活 的三四十岁的高收入群体)，可以得知D项“健康、富有的”是新一代单身族的特征。A项 “热情、愉快的”不正确。第三段第一句提到“Once upon a time，people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage…”(从前，单身生活的人要么是未婚，要么是 曾经结过婚……)，因此，

B项要么是未婚，要么是曾经结过婚，是指过去的单身族，不是 指新一代的单身族。C项“消极、阴郁的”，也是指过去的单身生活。

34． The author quotes Eppendorf to show that_____. A．some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom

B．the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe C．some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely D．most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable

正确答案：A 解析：推断题。文中最后一段引用Eppendoff的话说“I’ve always done what I wanted to do：live a self-determined life．”(我只做自己想做的，过自己做主的生活)，这说明了新单 身族的生活主张。故A项“一些现代女性喜欢自由自在的生活”正确。B项属于过度推 断。C项与这个例子无关。D项与文意不符。

35． What is the author’ s purpose in writing the passage? A．To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B．To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C．To examine the trend of young people living alone. D．To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.

正确答案：C 解析：主旨题。本文主要是关于新一代的年轻人受到社会和经济的影响更加趋于独自 生活的原因。作者主要讨论欧洲单身化趋势、单身族的特征以及选择单身的原因。C 项“审视年轻人单独生活的趋势”很好地概括了这一内容，故正确。其他三项均概括不正 确，不能体现作者的意图。

How best to solve the pollution problems of a city sunk so deep within sulfurous clouds that it was described as hell on earth? Simply answered: Relocate all urban smoke-creating industry and encircle the metropolis of London with sweetly scented flowers and elegant hedges. In fact, as Christine L. Corton, a Cambridge scholar, reveals in her new book, London Fog, this fragrant anti-smoke scheme was the brainchild of John Evelyn, the 17th-century diarist. King Charles II was said to be much pleased with Evelyn’ s idea, and a bill against the smoky nuisance was duly drafted. Then nothing was done. Nobody at the time, and nobody right up to the middle of the 20th century, was willing to put public health above business interests. And yet it’s a surprise to discover how beloved a feature of London life these multicolored fogs became. A painter, Claude Monet, fleeing besieged Paris in 1870, fell in love with London’s vaporous, mutating clouds. He looked upon the familiar mist as his reliable collaborator. Visitors from abroad may have delighted in the fog, but homegrown artists lit candles and vainly scrubbed the grime from their gloom-filled studio windows. “Give us light!” Frederic Leighton pleaded to the guests at a Lord Mayor’ s banquet in 1882, begging them to have pity on the poor painter. The more serious side of Corton’ s book documents how business has taken

precedence over humanity where London’ s history of pollution is concerned. A prevailing westerly wind meant that those dwelling to the east were always at most risk. Those who could afford it lived elsewhere. The east was abandoned to the underclass. Lord Palmerston spoke up for choking East Enders in the 1850s, pointing a finger at the interests of the furnace owners. A bill was passed, but there was little change. Eventually, another connection was established: between London’ s perpetual veil of smog and its citizens’ cozily smoldering grates. Sadly, popular World War I songs like “Keep the Home Fires Burning” didn’t do much to encourage the adoption of smokeless fuel. It wasn ‘t until what came to be known as the “Great Killer Fog” of 1952 that the casualty rate became impossible to ignore and the British press finally took up the cause. It was left to a Member of Parliament to steer the Clean Air Act into law in 1956. Within a few years, even as the war against pollution was still in its infancy, the dreaded fog began to fade. Corton’s book combines meticulous social history with a wealth of eccentric detail. Thus we learn that London’s ubiquitous plane trees were chosen for their shiny, fog-resistant foliage. It’s discoveries like these that make reading London Fog such an unusual and enlightening experience.

36． Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A．The fragrant anti-smoke scheme was inspired by John Evelyn’ s child. B．King Charles II was not actually satisfied with Evelyn’ s idea.

C．The process of drafting the bill against the smoky nuisance was slow.

D．It wasn’ t until the middle of the 20th century that someone willingly put public health above commercial interests.

正确答案：D 解析：推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段。根据该段最后一句Nobody at the time， and nobody right up to the middle of the 20th century，was willing to put public health above business interests．可知，20世纪中叶之前，没有人愿意把公共健康置于商业利益之上。由 此可推断出D项“直到20世纪中叶才有人愿意把公共健康置于商业利益之上”为正确 答案，D项运用了强调句和not until，反向推断可能发生的现象。A项“芬芳抗烟方案的 灵感来自约翰.伊夫林的孩子，原文只是说“芬芳抗烟方案是17世纪日记作家约翰.伊夫 林的想法”，所以A项错误。B项“查理二世国王其实不满意伊夫林这个点子”与原文的 much pleased with相反。C项“拟定抗烟雾公害法案的过程比较慢”与原文的duly“按时 地；适当地”不符。

37． The word “grime”(Para. 3)is closest in meaning to______. A．fog B．dirt C．frost D．paint

正确答案：B

解析：含义题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。该段第二句提到London’s vaporous， mutating clouds“伦敦蒸汽缭绕、如同变异的雾霭”，再结合第一段的sulfurous clouds“硫 磺雾霾”和urban smoke-creating industry“城市里所有制造浓烟的工业”可知，在画室窗 上的是煤尘污垢。故B项“污垢；灰尘”为正确答案。A项“雾”、C项“霜”和D项“颜料， 涂料：绘画作品”均不符合题意，故排除。

38． Which of the following would be most heavily affected by London’ s pollution according to Corton’ s book?

A．rich dwellers in the east. B．the underclass in the west. C．East London’ s slum dwellers. D．servants of furnace owners.

正确答案：C 解析：推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段。根据该段第二句A prevailing westerly wind meant that those dwelling to the east were always at most risk可知，由于风向，住在东 边的人受污染的影响更大。所以排除B项。再结合第三句Those who could afford it lived elsewhere可知有钱人会搬家，故A项不符合。因此C项“东伦敦的贫民区居民们”为污 染影响最严重的群体，为正确答案。D项“大熔炉主人们的佣人”原文没有提及。

39． The author mainly shows in the last but one paragraph that______. A．Great Killer Fog led to huge mortality

B．The British press was also playing a big role C．It was a long way for Clean Air Act to be passed

D．reducing the air pollution worked though it was in the primary stage

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段。该段前两句指出两个为治理雾霾而 努力的具体事件，第三句做总结，指出“短短几年之内，虽然反对污染的战斗还处于初级 阶段，但可怕的浓雾已经开始退去”。故D项“尽管处于初期，但减少空气污染奏效了”为 正确答案。A项“‘杀雾’导致巨大的死亡”和C项“通过《空气清洁法案》曾是一个漫 长的过程”只是表层示例。B项“英国媒体也发挥了重要作用”并不是作者主要想表达的 内容。

40． There were plane trees everywhere in London because they_____. A．could resist fog and haze B．were related to social history

C．contained a wealth of eccentric detail

D．were shiny and beautified the environment

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第六段。该段第二句指出“我们从中读到，伦敦之 所以到处都有法国梧桐，主要是因为它们闪闪发亮的叶片能够抵御雾霾”，故A项“能够 抵御雾霾”为正确答案，其中原文的for表明前后是因果关系，且原因在后。B项“与社会 历史有关”、C项“包含丰富的古怪轶闻”和D项“闪闪发亮并能美化环境”均不是题干的 原因，故排除。

Part B (10 points)

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) [A]Pick up the local paper [B]Save from the first place [C]Use a guidebook—your own [D]Pick up the phone [E]Choose cheap countries [F]Download magazines from web [G]Splurge when it matters You’ve mastered the art of modern-travel savings: Your airfare alerts are set up on Kayak; you flit around Europe on cheap carriers like EasyJet. You stay in apartments rented through Airbnb. You could probably shave a few more cents off travel costs by downloading five new apps and bookmarking 10 new sites. But real savings will come to those who go retro by stepping away from the screen, or using it differently, to find old-fashioned tactics that can save you big. Here are some old-school tips for getting the most out of your travel buck. 【R1】______ We think we can get everything done online these days, but sometimes a simple phone call is your best bet for saving money. Speak with an innkeeper and learn of potential discounts on extended stays or information on how to get there from the airport by public transit. Contact the specific location where you’ll pick up your rental car and reserve a compact to avoid getting “upgraded” to a bigger vehicle that will increase(sometimes even double)your gas costs. Call travel agencies that strike special deals with airlines to get your prices below anything you’ ll find online. 【R2】______ Goodbye Norway, hello Bolivia. Or as a blogger put it, “Cheapest dorm bed in Zurich=nice room in Bangkok.” Extrapolate that to tour guides, museum entries, food and more, and the savings start to add up. Of course, keep in mind how much it will cost you to get there in the first place. Luckily, a lot of the cheaper countries are also cheap to fly to; another blogger put together a list of 10 “Cheap Places to Travel on the U.S. Dollar,” which includes Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Peru, Hun gary and Romania. 【R3】______ Most travelers will never be across-the-board cheapskates. Street food, nosebleed-theater seats and bunk beds are not for everyone. But you don’t have to be a purist. For each trip, decide on a themed “waste” or two—transportation, food, arts, lodging—and save on the rest. 【R4】______ No listings are more up-to-the-minute than Friday arts supplements, alternative weeklies or the local editions of Time Out magazine. Get them on actual paper while they last. You’ 11 not only find the nontouristy scene laid out for you in one handy package, but often come across coupons or specials you certainly won’t find on Yelp. 【R5】______ I still carry a travel guide around when I travel—as backup, if nothing else. But those books are pricey, and there’s so much free information online that, with a little copying and

pasting(and printing out), you can come pretty close to matching them with your own bespoke travel guide. So, in a retro twist, no Wi-Fi needed.

41． 【R1】

正确答案：D

解析：首先浏览一下小标题。A项“阅读当地报纸”，B项“从第一站开始节省”，C项 “使用你自己的指南”，D项“打电话”，E项“寻找便宜的国家”，F项“从网上下载杂志”，G 项“在重要事项上挥霍一把”。接下来结合第二段首句“在当今社会，许多人都认为什么事都 可以在网上办妥，但有时打个电话是省钱的最佳方式”可以判断，本段主要讲打电话可以在 旅行中省钱。该段中的a simple phone call，speak，contact，call等词是关键的提示词，所以D 项Pick up the phone恰当地概括了本段的主题。

42． 【R2】

正确答案：E

解析：本段首句引用一位博主的话Cheapest dorm bed in Zurich=nice room in Banzkok “苏黎世最便宜的床位=曼谷高档旅馆”，下面又讲到a lot of the cheaper countries are also cheap to fly to“到许多消费低的国家的机票也很便宜”，最后列举了旅游便宜的一些国家， 所以本段的主题是讲寻找便宜的国家，该段中的cheapest，cheaper countries，cheap places to travel等词是关键提示词，所以E项Choose cheap countries为正确答案。

43． 【R3】

正确答案：G

解析：浏览本段But you don’t have to be a purist．For each trip，decide on a themed“waste” or two--transportation，food，arts，lodging--and save on the rest．可以发现，本段主要讲旅行中 可以选择在一些事上省钱，在另一些事上挥霍一下。浏览选项发现只有G项Splurge when it matters与段落主题相符，splurge是文中waste的近义词。

44． 【R4】

正确答案：A

解析：本段首句列出了多个报纸Friday arts supplements，alternative weeklies or the local editions of Time Out magazine，第二句用祈使句说明Get them on actual paper while they last“请使用纸版，因为有形且持久”，下文将讲述纸版报纸的好处，所以A项Pick up the local Paper为正确答案。

45． 【R5】

正确答案：C

解析：浏览本段发现，第一句作者讲自己旅行带一本旅行指南。接下来作者指出纸质 版的指南较贵，建议在网上寻找免费信息，打印出来作为自己定制的旅行指南。明确的一 个关键词是travel guide，所以C项Use a guidebook--your own为正确答案。

Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

46． Exercise has innumerable health benefits, but losing weight may not be among them. A provocative new study shows that a substantial number of people who take up an exercise regimen wind up heavier afterward than they were at the start, with the weight gain due mostly to extra fat, not muscle. But the study also finds, for the first time, that one simple strategy may improve people’ s odds of actually dropping pounds with exercise. As we all know, the fundamentals of weight loss should be simple. Burn more calories on any given day than you consume and, over time, you will lose weight. Theoretically, we can achieve that desirable condition by reducing the number of calories that we take in through dieting or by increasing the number of calories that we consume through exercise. But in reality, most people do not achieve or sustain weight loss, no matter what method they try.

正确答案：运动对健康有数不清的益处，但减肥可能并非其中之一。一项富有挑战意味的新研究表明，很多人在开始执行体育锻炼计划后体重反而有所增加，更糟糕的是，增加的这部分大多是多余的脂肪而不是肌肉。 但也正是这同一项研究首次发现了一种可以切实增加人们运动减肥概率的简单策略。 我们都知道，减肥的基本原理非常简单。只要你每天消耗的热量多于摄入量，随着时间的推移，你就会越来越瘦。从理论上说，通过节食减少热量摄人或通过运动增加热量消耗都能达到上述理想状况。但在现实中，大多数人试遍了所有方法，还是没能达到或维持所希望的减肥效果。

解析：(1)第一段第二句的主干为A provocative new study shows…，that引导宾语从句，作show的宾语；who引导的定语从句修饰先行词people，with引导的介词短语作整个句子的伴随状语。其中wind up为固定搭配，意为“最终沦落到；最终落得；(以……)告终”。(2)第二段中odds是个多义词，有“机会，可能性，希望，概率”等释义。联系上下文，可知此处译成“概率”最恰当。(3)on any given day本意为“在任何给定的一天”，在此处译成“任何一天”即可。(4)第三段第三句中第一个that引导的从句作achieve的宾语；第二个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词calories；第三个that引导的定语从句，修饰它前面的calories。其中take in在此处译为“吸收”。

Section III Writing

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

47． Recently you have seen an advertisement in China Daily to recruit the volunteers for the World Horticultural Expo in Beijing. You are supposed to write a letter to apply for it. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.(10 points)

正确答案： Dear Sir or Madam, I have acquired the information about the volunteer of the World Horticultural Expo in Beijing from the China Daily. Therefore, I am writing this letter to apply for it. I believe that I would be well qualified for this volunteer. In the first place, I majored in English during my college years. This lets me grasp the ability to speak it fluently, thus it helps to communicate with foreigners in the exposition. Furthermore, I have the experience of being a part-time volunteer in similar events, and it can help to fully adapt for this volunteer activity without any other anxiety mood. I am anticipating for being a volunteer of the exposition. I hope that my qualifications could deserve it. Thanks for your time and consideration.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

解析：本题要求写一封申请信，此类信件的书写要注意三点：第一，首段要点明身份，交代清楚写信目的，且用语要礼貌恰当；第二，主体段落要将题干要求的信息包含进去；第三，文章结尾要表达自己的真诚愿望。

Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)

48． Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should 1)interpret the chart, 2)explain the phenomenon, and 3)give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

正确答案： The bar chart given above has seen the change of time Chinese netizens spent on the Internet per week. The average time spent on the Internet was about 21.7 hours in June 2013, and it climbed to 26.5 in June 2016. However, there was a sudden decline in the average time from 25.9 hours in June 2014 to 25.6 hours in June 2015. Several reasons account for that. Firstly, with the development of technological and society, Chinese people have easier access to electronic devices such as laptops, smart phones and i-pads so that they can surf the Internet whenever and wherever they like. Secondly, netizens can enjoy more convenient online recreations, for instance, watching movies and playing electronic games. Thirdly, as online stores provide a variety of goods with relatively low price, many people are fond of online-shopping. Finally, some people realize that the Internet also brings some problems such as Internet addiction, a waste of time and harm to health, so they try to cut down the time or even stop using the Internet. Therefore, we should not only make the best use of the Internet, but also reduce the negative influences.

解析：本题的图表为2013年6月、2014年6月、2015年6月和2016年6月，中国网民平均每周上网的时长统计。考生首先要描述图表，说明这期间中国网民平均每周上网时长的变化，即从2013年6月到2016年6月，时长总体上增加了，但是2014年6月到201 5年6月有小幅下降。其次分析这种变化产生的

原因，可以从技术的发展、网上娱乐和购物的便捷角度来解释增加的原因，从沉溺于网络的危害角度解释有所下降的原因。最后总结全文，告诉人们利用好网络，减少其消极影响。