高中英语 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors Section Ⅰ Warmi

Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors

甲骨文(oracle bone script)是中国古代的一种文字，被认为是现代汉字的早期形式，有时候也被认为是汉字的书体之一，同时也是现存中国最古老的一种成熟文字。甲骨文引导炎黄子孙走上使图形记号表示意义而不约束其读者的文字发展历程，造就了延绵数千年的统一文化意识。

Oracle Bone Script

Oracle bone script refers to the ancient Chinese characters found on animal bones or turtle shells used in divination(占卜) in Bronze Age China.The vast majority record is the divination by fire of the royal house of the late Shang Dynasty at the capital of Yin (modern Anyang，Henan Province)．

Because turtle shells as well as bones were used，the oracle bone script is also sometimes called shell and bone script.As the majority of oracle bones bearing writing date to the late Shang Dynasty，oracle bone script essentially refers to Shang script.

It is certain that the writing of the Shang Dynasty experienced a period of development before the Anyang oracle bone script; however，no significant quantity of clearly identifiable writing before or during the early to middle Shang cultural period has been discovered.

The oracle bone script of the late Shang appears pictographic(象形文字的)，as does its contemporary，the Shang writing on bronzes.The earliest oracle bone script appears even more so than examples from late in the period.Comparing oracle bone script

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to both Shang and early Western Zhou period writing on bronzes，oracle bone script is clearly greatly simplified；this is thought to be due to the difficulty of carving on the hard and bony surfaces.The more detailed and more pictorial(图片的，图画似的) style of the bronze graphs is thus thought to be more representative of typical Shang writing (as would have normally occurred on bamboo books) than the oracle bone script forms，and it is this typical style which continued to evolve into the Zhou period writing and then into the seal script of the Qin state in the late Zhou period.

[阅读障碍词]

1．Bronze Age 2．evolve v. [诱思导读]

根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)

1．The oracle bone script we say today mainly refers to Shang script.( ) 2．Typical Shang writing is more detailed and more pictorial. [答案] 1.T 2.T

( )

青铜时代 演化；演变

Ⅰ.匹配以下单词的词性及汉语意思 ( )1.assume

A．n.可能的选择

( )2.analysis ( )3.alternative ( )4.sharpen ( )5.quilt

( )6.starvation ( )7.interrupt ( )8.messy ( )9.accuracy 专业.

adj.供选择的；其他的

B．n.被子；棉被 C．n.挨饿；饿死 D．n.精确；准确

E．vt.&vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂 时中断或中止 F．vt.假定；设想

G．vi.&vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰 H．adj.足够的；充足的；富裕的 I．adj.凌乱的；脏的

.

( )10.ample

[答案] 1－5 FJAGB 6－10 CEIDH Ⅱ.选择以下句中词组的汉语意思

A．领……四处参观 B．关心；在意 C．至多；最多 D．得出结论 E．由……制成 F．切碎 G．遭受；患病 H．不管；不顾 ( )1.Let's cut the meat up and share it with each other. ( )2.Ralph has come to a conclusion that Martin was only interested in himself. ( )3.The table which is made of wood can be used longer than that made of glass. ( )4.Dad let me show the guests around our garden. ( )5.How long have you been suffering from a headache?

( )6.Regardless of where we are and what we are doing，our devotion to motherland will never change.

( )7.I don't care about the price as long as the car is in good condition. ( )8.The trip will only cost you fifty pounds at most. [答案] 1－5 FDEAG 6－8 HBC

J．n.分析

A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAN CAVES

A group of students(S)from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.An archaeologist(考古学家)(A)is showing them round①.

A：Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China.It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England，who are interested in archaeology.You must be aware that

②

it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this

part of the world.We've been excavating(挖掘) here for many years and．．．

周口店洞穴参观记

一群英国学生(简称学)来到周口店洞穴参观，有一位考古学家(简称考)正领着他们参观。 考：欢迎到中国来参观周口店洞穴。很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。你们想必都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个地区的最早人类的证据。我们在这儿进行挖掘工作已经很多年了，而且……

[助读讲解] ①show sb.round带领某人参观。②be/become aware that．．．意识到；专业.

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认识到。 S1：I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here？There are only rocks and trees.

A：Good question.You are an acute(敏锐的)observer.We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects.So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of(不顾) the cold

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S2：How did they keep warm？They couldn't have mats(垫子)，blankets or quilts

like we do.It must have been very uncomfortable.

A：We've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires

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.That would have kept them warm，cooked the food and scared wild beasts(野兽)away

as well.We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick，which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter.

学1：对不起，打断了你的讲话，但他们怎么会住在这儿呢？这儿只有石头和树木啊。 考：问得好。你是一个敏锐的观察者。在高山上的那些洞穴里我们找到了人骨和兽骨，还有工具和其他物品。所以我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。

学2：那他们是怎样取暖的呢？他们不可能像我们现在这样有垫子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。

考：我们发现在洞穴有生火用的地炉。他们用地炉里的火来取暖、做饭，还可以用火来吓跑野兽。我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。我们还没有找到门，但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬季他们可能是用兽皮挂在洞口来防寒的。

[助读讲解] ③在it is reasonable to assume．．．中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是to assume．．．。④must have done意为“一定……，肯定……〞，表示对过去情况的肯定推测。⑤make fires生火。 S3：What wild animals were there all that time ago? A：Well，we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves，and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.Now what do you think this tells us 专业.

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about the life of these early people？(shows picture of a sewing needle)

S2：Gosh！That's a needle.Goodness，does that mean they repaired things? A：What else do you think it might have been used for？

S4：Let me look at it.It's at most three centimetres long.Ah yes，it seems to be made of bone.I wonder how they made the hole for the．．．

S2：(interrupting)Do you mean that they made their own clothes？Where did they get the material?

A：They didn't have material like we have today.Can you guess what they used? S1：Wow！Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins？How did they prepare them？I'm sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together.

学3：在那以前有些什么野兽呢？

考：嗯，我们在洞里陆续发现老虎和熊的骨头。我们认为，这些野兽对他们来讲是最危险的敌人了。现在，你们看这个东西能告诉我们有关早期人类生活的什么情况呢？(指着一张画有针线的照片让大家看)

学2：哎呀！那是一根针。天哪，难道他们还会修补东西吗？ 考：除此之外，你们认为它还可能有别的什么用处吗？

学4：让我看看。这枚针最多三厘米长，噢，它看起来像是用骨头做的。我不知道他们是怎样做成针眼的……

学2：(插话)你是不是说他们自己做衣服穿？他们又是从哪里搞到衣料的呢？ 考：他们没有像我们今天穿的这种衣料。你们能猜出他们用的是什么吗？

学1：哇！他们穿的衣服全都是用兽皮做的吗？他们那些衣服是怎么做成的？我想兽皮剪裁并缝起来一定又厚又重吧。

[助读讲解] ⑥．．．what do you think this tells us about．．．？是复杂的特殊疑问句，其构成形式为：wh­/how＋do you think＋宾语从句。do you think 作插入语，其后宾语从句用陈述语序。除think外，可用于此句式的动词还有believe，suppose，imagine，expect，guess等。⑦be used for．．．被用来……。⑧过去分词短语made entirely of animal skins作后置定语，修饰clothes。 A：Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins.We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools.It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.Then smaller scrapers(刮刀)were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin.After that 专业.

⑨⑧⑦

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they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft.Finally，they would cut it and sew the pieces together.Quite a difficult and messy task！Now look at this.(shows a necklace)

S2：Why，it's a primitive(原始的)necklace.Did early people really care about their appearance like we do？It's lovely!

A：Yes，and so well preserved.What do you think it's made of?

S4：Let me see.Oh，I think some of the beads(小珠子) are made of animal bones but others are made of shells.

A：How clever you are！One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside.Can you identify(识别) any other bones？

考：我们有证据说明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮制作的衣服。我们不断发现一些磨削其他工具用的工具。看样子他们是用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮，可能再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后，他们可能在兽皮上边擦上大量的盐，使皮变柔软。最后进行剪裁，缝起来就成了。确实是既难又脏的活！现在来看看这个吧。(指着一串项链)

学2：哎呀！这是一条原始的项链吧。早期人类也像我们现在一样讲究外貌吗？太漂亮了！

考：是的。还保存得很好呢。你们看看是用什么做的？

学4：我看看。噢，我想有些珠子是用兽骨做的，但是其他的是用贝壳做的。 考：你真聪明！有块骨头实际上是野兽的牙齿，贝壳是从海边捡来的。你们认得别的骨头吗？

[助读讲解] ⑨did wear clothes made from animal skins中，did强调谓语动词wear，表示“的确穿着〞，过去分词短语made from animal skins作后置定语，修饰clothes。⑩care about在乎；介意；关心，care for照料；想要；喜欢。⑪identify v．辨认，确认。 S1：This one looks very much like a fish bone.Is that reasonable? A：Yes，indeed，as the botanical(植物学的)analyses have shown us ，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.Probably there were fish in it.

S3：But a lake is not the sea.We are miles from the sea，so how did the seashells(海贝壳)get here?

A：Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys.We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals⑬

⑫

⑪

⑩

.They didn't grow their own crops，but picked fruit when it ripened(成熟)and hunted

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animals.That's why they are called hunters and gatherers.Now，why don't we go and visit the caves？

学1：这根很像鱼骨头，对吗？

考：很对，正如植物学的分析结果告诉我们的一样，这四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖的一部分。当时可能湖里是有鱼的。

学3：不过，湖并不是海呀。我们离海还远着呢。那么，贝壳又是怎么来的呢？ 考：早期人类之间也许有贸易来往，或者他们也可能旅行到海边去。我们知道，他们跟着兽群四处走。他们并不种植谷物，而是在野果熟了的时候采摘它们并捕杀野兽来充饥。这就是他们被称为猎人和采摘者的缘故。好了，咱们现在去参观洞穴好吗？

[助读讲解] ⑫as引导非性定语从句，as指代后面整个主句的内容。⑬现在分词短语following the herds of animals作moved around的伴随状语。⑭That's why．．．意为“这就是为什么……〞，why引导表语从句，why从句表示结果，原因前面已经说明。

第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意 Ⅰ.速读P38－39教材课文，匹配段落大意 1．Topic 1

2．Topic 2 3．Topic 3 [答案] 1－3 BCA

Ⅱ.速读P38－39教材课文，选择最正确答案

The main idea of the passage is about the of the earliest people in the Zhoukoudian caves.

A．life and habits C．homes and fishing [答案] A

第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息 细读P38－39教材课文，选择最正确答案 1．Where do the caves lie? A．In the forest.

B．On the seaside. B．food and clothing D．farming and hunting A．What can we learn from a necklace?

B．Life in the cave.

C．What can we learn from a needle?

⑭

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C．At the foot of the hill.

D．Higher up the hill.

2．Our earliest people in the Zhoukoudian caves kept themselves warm by ． A．working C．making fires

B．fighting D．hunting

3．Evidence has showed that the earliest people in the caves used to make clothes according to the conversation.

A．leaves C．animal skins

B．tree skins D．cotton

4．Which of the following about fire is NOT right? A．Keeping warm.

C．Frightening the animals. [答案] 1－4 DCCD

第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考

根据P38－39教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.1.An archaeologist

is

showing

them

round.The

archaeologists

2.have

been

B．Cooking food. D．Making iron.

excavating(excavate) here for many years.After 3.finding(find) human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects，they think 4.it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.They 5.discovered(discover) fireplaces in the centre of the caves 6.where they made fires.Some evidence suggests that our ancestors did wear clothes 7.made (make) from animal skins.The archaeologist also shows the students a primitive necklace 8.preserved(preserve) quite well.Indeed，as the botanical analyses have shown us，all the fields around here 9.used(use) to be part of a large shallow lake.Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their 10.journeys(journey)．

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