第一部分：交际用语（来自统考题库）
1. Why he did it will remain a _______ for ever. A. strange B. pass C. public D. puzzle 答案：D
2. Look! Here _______ the famous player. A. comes B. come C. had come D. coming 答案：A
3. One needs a good sense of ______ to ride a bike. A. level B. skill C. balance D. ability 答案：C
4. In order to _______ your goals, you must work hard. A. make B. achieve C. require D. develop 答案：B
5. The policeman needs to see _______ your ID card or your driver's license. A. every B. each C. either D. both 答案：C
6. He ______ a sum of money every month to help the two orphans. A. sets aside B. sets up C. sets along D. sets in 答案：A
7. A _______ boy was the only survivor in the plane crash. A. two years old B. two-year-old C. two-years old D. two-years-old 答案：B
8. He looked quite healthy though he was ______. A. in seventy B. in his seventies C. at seventies D. age of seventy 答案：B
9. This is the ______ photo I have ever taken. A. worse B. better C. best D. most worst 答案：C
10. For some years after his graduation, he _______ some of his classmates, but as times went by, he dropped them one by one.
A. caught up with C. kept up B. kept in touch with D. made up with 答案：B
11. What's the weather forecast ______ tomorrow? A. for B. to C. with D. of 答案：A
12. I don't have much free time as my work _______ all my time. A. takes away B. takes over C. takes up D. takes in 答案：C
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13. Either the shirts or the sweater ______ a good buy. A. is B. has C. are D. was 答案：A
14. The girl sometimes has difficulty ______ what the teacher says in class. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood 答案：B
15. Jenny is learning Japanese. ______ her brother. A. So is B. So does C. Nor is D. Nor does 答案：A
16. All the evidence points to the fact ______ he is the murderer. A. who B. which C. that D. those 答案：C
17. As they can't afford to let the situation get worse, they will take some necessary _______. A. decisions B. sides C. directions D. steps 答案：D
18. That company doesn't take credit cards, so customers have to pay ______. A. dollars C. coins B. finance D. cash 答案：D
19. You should take the medicine after you read the ______. A. lines B. words C. instructions D. suggestions 答案：C
20. He has smoked for so many years that he can ______ give it up. A. directly C. exactly B. mostly D. hardly 答案：D
21. --- Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the post office? --- ___________. A. Don't ask that C. No, I can't say that B. Sorry, I'm a stranger here D. No, you're driving too fast 答案：B
22. --- Have you found anything wrong with my stomach? --- ______. I’ll let you know the result next week. A. Not yet, I’m still examining C. Yes, there is a serious problem B. Oh, no, there’s nothing wrong D. I don’t know 答案：A
23. --- Excuse me. Is this table taken? --- ___________ A. Sorry, you should sit somewhere else. C. Yeah. I’m saving these seats for friends. B. Yes, you can sit here. D. Sure, it’s really cheap.答案：C
24. --- ___________? --- He teaches physics in a school. A. What does your father want to do B. Who is your father C. What is your father
D. Where is your father now 答案：C
25. ---I know you’re busy, but you have to put some time aside to play with your kids. --- ______________ A. I should. But I have too much work to do these days. B. I think my children can play by themselves.
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C. Thank you, but it’s none of your business.
D. Thanks for your concern, and I won’t do that. 答案：A
26. --- Doctor, I don't feel well. --- ___________ A. You are fine. B. It doesn't matter. C. What's the matter? D. Don't take it seriously. 答案：C
27. ---Excuse me, sir, could you tell me the way to People’s Square? --- ___________ A. Sorry, I’m a stranger here, too. B. Don’t bother me. C. I don’t understand you. D. Why don’t you take a taxi? 答案：A
28. ---I missed yesterday's football final. --- _________ A. It's a good idea. B. What a pity! C. Remember to bring it next time. D. I'm glad to hear that. 答案：B
29. --- John said he didn’t like the film you went to last week. What did you think of it? --- ______, a total waste of time. A. It was not bad B. It was pretty good C. It was boring and unrealistic D. I like it very much 答案：C
30. ---Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend? ---__________. A. I believe not B. I don’t believe it C. I don’t believe D. I believe not so 答案：A
31. --- What's the problem with your bike? --- _________ A. Not at all. B. Nothing serious. C. Good, thank you. D. Sure 答案：B
32. --- Unbelievable! I have failed the driving test again! --- _______. This is not the end of the world. A. Cheer up B. Good luck C. Go ahead D. No problem 答案：A
33. --- Wow! This is a marvelous room! I've never known you're so artistic. --- _________. A. Great, I am very art-conscious B. Don't mention it
C. Thanks for your compliments D. It's fine
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答案：C
34. --- The lecture given by Sue was absolutely fascinating. --- _____. I was totally attracted by her. A. Yes, but I don’t think so B. I disagree with you
C. I couldn’t agree with you more D. Maybe you’re right 答案：C
35. ---But what happens if it rains? What are we going to do then? --- _________ A. The plan must be canceled with bad weather. B. Have a good time. C. It will never happen. D. Not at all. Go ahead. 答案：A
第二部分 阅读理解（来自统考题库）
1. By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most for the benefits of others - they are people against whom we measure others. They are men and women recognized for shaping our nation's consciousness and development as well as the lives of those who admire them. Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very idea of heroism is something beyond us - an artifact of the past. Some maintain, that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace, our age is essentially an unheroic one. Furthermore, the overall crime rate is down, poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy, and advances continue to be made in medical science.
Cultural icons are hard to define, but we know them when we see them. They are people who manage to go beyond celebrity (明星), who are legendary, who somehow mange to become mythic. But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? That's hard to answer. In part, their lives have the quality of a story to tell. For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince, renounced marriage and the throne, and died at the moment she found true love. Good looks certainly help. So does a special indefinable charm, with the help of the media. But nothing confirms an icon more than a tragic death - such as Martin Luther King, Jr., John F. Kennedy, and Princess Diana.
1. The passage mainly deals with ______. A. life and death
B. heroes and icons C. heroes and heroines D. icons and celebrities
2. Heroes and heroines are usually ______. A. courageous C. self-sacrificing B. exemplary D. all of the above 3. Which of the following statements is wrong? _________
A. Poverty in America has been eased with the economic growth. B. Superstars are famous for being famous.
C. Heroes and heroines can only emerge in war times. D. One's look can contribute to being famous.
4. Beautiful young Diana Spencer found her genuine love________. A. just before her death C. when she was 19 B. when she became a princess D. after she gave birth to a prince 5. What is more likely to set an icon's status? ________ A. Good looks. C. Personal attraction B. The quality of one's story. D. Tragic and early death. 2. The residents of 24 Acacia Grove were dissatisfied with the condition of the property, so John Preston called a meeting to discuss things last week. At the meeting John suggested setting up a residents’ committee. Everyone was so worried and angry about the agent’s inactivity that they agreed, and they elected John as chairman of the committee.
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Many residents said that they were tired of telephoning the agent and tired of complaining about the flats. Although the agent was responsible for the flats, they thought that he didn’t do enough. Therefore John was asked to write to the agent and say that they were disappointed with the management of the flats.
The next service payment was due at the end of the month. However, they agreed not to pay it until they were happy with the plans to improve the property. They decided to tell the agent that he must start the work within one month. They all went away very pleased with themselves.
1. Why did John Preston call a meeting last week?
A. Because the residents were dissatisfied with the present residents’ committee. B. Because the residents were dissatisfied with the bad management of the flats. C. Because some residents requested to change the present residents’ committee. D. Because he wanted to become Chairman of the committee. 2. Who elected John as chairman of the committee?
A. The agent. B. The committee. C. The residents. D. Acacia Grove. 3. What does the word “inactivity” mean in the third sentence in Para. 1?
A. Lack of actions B. Progress C. State D. Weakness 4. What does the word “due” mean in the first sentence of Para. 2?
A. large B. proper C. owed D. to be paid 5. When did they agree to pay the next service payment?
A. At the end of the month. B. Within one month.
C. The agent would tell them.
D. When they were happy with the plans to improve the property. 3.
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feeling must negatively affect people. A person’s conception of himself or herself is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.
Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing “the right thing.” Shy people are very sensitive to criticism: they feel it confirms their feelings of inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliment with a statement like this one: “You’re just saying that to make me feel good. I know it’s not true.” It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.
Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient efforts in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with a lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weakness as well as their strengths.
Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual, interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. Let’s not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.
1. What does the author try to prove by citing “what kind of impression am I making?” in Para.1?
A. Shy people benefit from their caring about their appearance.
B. People’s shyness made them care too much about their appearance and actions. C. It’s natural that shy people don’t believe other’s compliments. D. Shy people think they are different from others. 2. According to the writer, self-awareness is _______.
A. a weak pointy of shy people B. the cause of unhappiness
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C. harmful to people D. a good quality 3. That shy people react to a compliment in such a way is ________.
A. good C. harmful B. unreal D. very reasonable 4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Shyness can block our chances for a rich life.
B. Shyness enables us to understand ourselves better. C. Shyness helps us to develop our potential.
D. Shyness has nothing to do with lack of self-esteem.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that shy people_________.
A. should find more of their weakness
B. can get rid of their shyness while maintaining low self-esteem C. had better ignore their weakness
D. should understand themselves in the right way
4. How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to present those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something increases.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar. 1. The origin of language is _________. A. a legend handed down from the past B. a matter that is hidden or secret C. a question difficult to answer D. a problem not yet solved 2. What is true about words?
A. They are used to express feelings only. B. They can not be written down. C. They are simply sounds. D. They are mysterious.
3. The real power of words consists in their ______. A. properties
B. characteristics C. peculiarity
D. representative function 4. By “association” in the last paragraph, the author means ______. A. a special quality
B. a joining of ideas in the mind C. an appearance which is puzzling D. a strange feature
5. Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true?
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A. He is no more than a master of words. B. He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music. C. He can move men to tears. D. His style is always charming.
5、There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals.
Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly, months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.
The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase.
Long-term goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. 1. Our long-term goals mean a lot _______. A. if we cannot reach solid short-term goals B. if we complete the short-term goals C. if we have dreams of the future D. if we put forward some plans 答案：B
2. New short-term goals are built upon______. A. a daily basis
B. your achievement in a week C. current activities
D. the goals that have been completed 答案：D
3. When we complete each step of our goals, ________. A. we will win final success B. we are overwhelmed
C. we will build up our confidence to achieve success D. we should have strong desire for setting new goals 答案：C
4. What is the main idea of this passage? _______ A. Life is a dynamic thing.
B. We should set up long-term goals. C. Different kinds of goals in life. D. The limitation of long-term goals. 答案：C
5. Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage? _______
A. The long-term goals cannot amount to very much without achieving short-term goals. B. The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals. C. Life is a static thing, thus never allowing a long-term goal to limit us. D. We should often add new short-term goals to what have been completed. 答案：C
6. Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by
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train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening. One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one’s own.
Then, in the country one can really get away from the noise and hurry of busy working lives. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes gardens, one can spend one’s free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has the reward of one who has shared the secrets of Nature.
Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight’s (two weeks) visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night.
1. Which of the following statements is NOT true? B A. People who love Nature prefer to live outside the city.
B. All the people who work in London prefer to live in the country. C. Some people enjoying city life prefer to work and live inside London.
D. Many nature lovers, though working in London, prefer to live outside London.
2. With the same money needed for _C______, one can buy a little house with a garden in the country. A. getting a small flat with a garden B. having a small flat with a garden C. renting a small flat without a garden D. buying a small flat without a garden
3. When the garden is in blossom, the one __B____ has been rewarded. A. living in the country
B. having spent time working in the garden C. having a garden of his own
D. having been digging, planting and watering
4. People who think happiness lies in the town would feel that___A_____ if they had to live it outside London. A. their life was meaningless B. their life was invaluable
C. they didn’t deserve a happy life
D. they were not worthy of their happy life
5. The underlined phrase get away from in the 3rd paragraph refers to C . A. deal with B. do away with C. escape from D. prevent from
7. What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further. He must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations, Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many
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tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.
1. What makes a scientist according to the passage? B
A. The tools he uses. B. The way he uses his tools. C. His ways of learning. D. The various tools he uses.
2. “The scientist, however, goes one step further…”. The author says this to show ____________. C A. the important of information B. the importance of thinking
C. the difference between scientists and ordinary people
D. the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs.
3. A sound scientific theory should be one that _______A____________.
A. works not only under one set of conditions at one time, but also under the same conditions at other times B. does not allow any changes even under different conditions C. can be used for many purposes D. leave no room for improvement
4. The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate ____C__________. A. that measurements are keys to success in science B. that accuracy of mathematics
C. that the investigations are important in science
D. that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations 5. What is the main idea of the passage? D A. The theory of relativity.
B. Exactness is the core of science.
C. Scientists are different form ordinary people.
D. Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.
8. In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it's a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
1. What is the main idea of this passage? B
A. It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U.S. B. The role of time in social life over the world.
C. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the U.S. D. Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.
2. What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours? B A. A matter of work. B. A matter of life or death.
C. You want to see him or her. D. You want to make an appointment with him or her. 3. Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend? B
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A. at 7:00 am B. at 4:00 pm C. at the night D. at 4:00 am 4. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage? D
A. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.
B. There is no misunderstanding arising between people form different cultures about the concept of time. C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the U.S.A. D. Promptness is valued highly in American life.
5. From the passage we can safely infer that ________________ B A. it’s a matter of life or death if you call someone in the day time. B. the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.
C. it makes no difference in the U.S. whether you are early or late for a business party. D. if a person is late for a date, he needn’t make some explanation. 第三部分 词汇与结构（来自统考题库） 1、I won’t make the __B_____ mistake next time. A. like B. same C. nearD. similar 2、- ___B____ is your girl friend like? - She is very kind and good-looking. A. How B. What C. Which D. Who
3、He ___A____ driving me home, even though I told him I lived nearby. A. insisted on B. insisted at C. insisted that D. insisted in 4、You had better _____C___ a doctor as soon as possible. A. seeing B. saw C. see D. seen 5、A pair of spectacles ___A_____ what I need at the moment. A. is B. are C. has D. have
6、I don’t know ___B____ to deal with such matter. A. what B. how C. which D. /
7、Tom ___A_____ more than twenty pounds on the novel. A. spent B. paid C. cost D. took
8、I fell and hurt myself while I ____A____ basketball yesterday. A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played 9、He ___C____ lives in the house where he was born. A. already B. yet C. still D. ever 10、We came finally ___C______ the conclusion that she has been telling lies all the time. A. of B. into C. to D. at 11、- Write to me when you get home. - OK, I __C_____.
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A. must B. should C. will D. can 12、His mother __C___alone since his father dieD. A. lived B. lives C. has lived D. is living 13、The reason I did not go abroad was _C____ a job in my home town. A. because B. due to C. that I got D. because of getting 14、The workers are busy _D___models for the exhibition. A. to make B. with making C. being making D. making 15、Nancy is considered to be ___D_____ the other students in her class.
A. less intelligent B. the most intelligent C. intelligent as well D. as intelligent as 16、_B___ she survived the accident is miracle. A. What B. That C. As D. Which
17、It was well known that Thomas Edison _B____ the electric lamp. A. discovered B. invented C. found D. developed 18、They got there an hour _D____than the others. A. early B. much early C. more early D. earlier 19、Will you____A_____ me a favor, please? A. do B. make C. bring D. give
20、The young lady coming over to us _A____ our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that! A. must be B. can be C. would be D. could be 21、Sunday is the day _A___people usually don’t go to work. A. when B. which C. in which D. that
22、Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have ___C___ of fat.
A. a large number B. the large number C. a large amount D. the large amount 23、___D______her and then try to copy what she does. A. Mind B. See C. Stare at D. Watch 24、Mike is better than Peter ___B____ swimming． A. for B. at C. on D. in
25、It’s bad ____A____ for you to smoke in the public places where smoking is not alloweD. A. behavior B. action C. manner D. movement 26、What is the train ___C___ to Birmingham? A. fee B. tip C. fare D. cost 27、- It’s a good ideA. But who’s going to____A_____ the plan?
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- I think John and Peter will.
A. carry out B. get through C. take in D. set aside
28、__A____ the War of Independence, the United States was an English colony. A. Before B. At C. In D. Between
29、If she wants to keep slim, she must make a _A____ in her diet. A. change B. turn C. run D. go
30、The computer system ____A____ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A. broke down B. broke out
C. broke up D. broke in
26. Will you____A_____ me a favor, please? A. do B. make C. bring D. give 27. Singing these songs, I could not help ___C___ the good old days. A. thinking over B. thinking out C. thinking of D. thinking up 28. He ____A___ finding a taxi for me, even though I told him I lived nearby. A. insisted on B. insisted at C. insisted that D. insisted in
29. --- When shall we meet again? --- __D___it any day you like. It's all the same to me. A. Do B. Get C. Meet D. Make 30. The atmosphere _________certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.C A. composes of B. is made up C. consists of D. makes up of
31. You shouldn't ___B____ your time like that, Bob; you have to finish your school work tonight. A. cut B. kill C. do D. kick 32. There ___A____a basket ball match this afternoon. A. is going to be B. is going to have C. is going to is D. is going to has 33. I am going to ____B___ the meal, I insist. A. pay B. pay for C. pay about D. pay on 34. The young _____D_____ eaten up almost everything on the table. A. is B. are C. has D. have 35. We'll hold a sports meeting if it _C____rain tomorrow. A. won't B. isn't C. doesn't D. has
36. The new assembly line having been adopted, the factory produced _C___ cars in 2011 as the year before. A. as twice many B. twice many as C. twice as many D. as many as twice
37. Do you think you have talked too much? What you need now is more action and __A__ talk. A. less B. little C. fewer D. few 38. This dress costs_________. What’s more, it is ___B______ big for me. A. very much; much B. too much; much too C. much too; too much D. very much; too much 39. It is believed that if a book is ____D____, it will surely ________ the reader. A. interested/ interest B. interesting/ be interested C. interested/ be interesting D.interesting/interest 第 12 页 共 12 页
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40. I invited Larry and Linda to dinner, but ____A____of them came. A. neither B. either C. none D. both 41. The weather in Harbin is quite different from __A______ in Hainan. A. that B. it C. the one D. one 42. The red flower goes from one to____C_____ in the class. A. the other B. others C. another D. other 43. Uncle Sam sent him a ___D____ bicycle as a birthday present. A. red sports new B. sports new red C. new sports red D. new red sports 44. It is said that__B____ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball. A. very little B. quite a few C. quite a bit D. quite a little
45. You'll find this map of great ___C____in helping you to get around Beijing. A. price B. cost C. value D. useful
46. I fell and hurt myself while I _C_______basketball yesterday. A. play B. am playing C. was playing D. played 47. There's no food in the fridge. They ____A___shopping. A. are going B. are go C. go D. are going to go 48. I will count three hundred and not one of you __B___move a muscle. A. are to B. is to C. is D. are 49. Charles regretted ___D__the TV set last year .The price has now gone down. A. of B. from C. to buy D. buying 50. A number of people __A___at the street corner. A. are B. is C. am D. be 51. It ___A_____that they had no idea at the moment. A. seemed B. was seemed C. is seeming D. is seamed 52. I have been looking forward to __C__ from my parents. A. be heard B. being heard C. hearing D. hear 53. Father is busy __D___the meal while I am busy with the homework. A. to cook B. cooked C. cook D. cooking . --- Hi, Jane. Would you like to go to the ball this evening?
--- Sorry, Frank. __B_ _ tomorrow's lessons, I have no time to go out with you. A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared 55. He likes to swim __C_____. A. but play football B. and playing football
C. and to play football D. and he also likes playing football 第四部分 完形填空（来自课后练习）
The water level of oceans rises and ___1___ alternatively twice a day. This movement of water is called the tide. Tides are caused by the ___2___ of the sun and the moon on the earth’s surface; since the moon is much closer, it affects the tides more than the sun. When ___3___ is directly overhead, it actually pulls on the water that is ___4___ it. This causes the water level to ___5___ because water is pulled away from the earth. As the moon disappears over the ___6___, the pull ___7___ and the water level settles back towards the ocean bottom.
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When the water reaches its highest level, we have high tide. And when the water reaches its lowest level, we have low tide. From its ___8___ point, the water rises gradually for about six hours ___9___ it reaches high tide. Then it begins to fall continuously for about six hours until it reaches low tide. Then the ___10___ begins again. B1. A. felt B. falls C. fallen D. falling B2. A. strength B. pull C. drive D. power D3. A. the star B. the sun C. the earth D. the moon C4. A. inside B. beside C. below D. over A5. A. rise B. fall C. move D. float B6. A. surface B. horizon C. mountain D. tree D7. A. shortens B. rises C increases D. lessons C8. A. longest B. shortest C. lowest D. highest B9. A. after B. until C. although D. even if A10. A. circle B. work C. trip D. business
Another useful method for improving your reading is the ability to reflect on what is being presented. Readers _1_ the material that they have read not simply to understand it, _2_ to interpret, analyze, and critique this information. Readers use several different methods to help them reflect such as careful note-taking, synthesis(综合), and analysis.
Careful note-taking on your reading material _3_ while you read. Pausing periodically to _4_ about important claims or ideas, _5_ details, or questions about unclear concepts is a valuable practice. The act of note-taking will help you to reflect about the content of the document, and the notes you keep will _6_ an archive that you can refer to in the future.
Synthesis is the ability to take what are _7_ seeming irrelevant points and put them together into a meaningful, new whole. Synthesis may occur during your reading, or it may take place after you have read a document in its entirety.
Analysis moves synthesis one step _8_, encouraging a reader to carefully examine thoroughly the points _9_, and how they are synthesized. After readers analyze a passage or a whole text, they _10_ regarding the document, either generally agreeing or disagreeing with its message.
B1. A. study B. reflect on C. consider D. think B2. A. and B. but also C. moreover D. yet D3. A. must take B. may start C. have to begin D. should occur C4. A. make note B. write note C. take notes D. keep note A5. A. relevant B. connected C. associated D. linked B6. A. act as B. serve as C. consider as D. regard as D7. A. firstly B. to begin with C. first hand D. at first C8. A. in advance B. farther C. further D. forwardly B9. A. to be made B. being made C. having made D. to make A10. A. take a position B. insist on C. consider D. hold the view
Human language is a system of symbols. No other animal has a complex symbolic language that must be learned. Animal language is largely instinctive, 1 basic human language is learned speech, composed 2 sounds that symbolize things, ideas, actions, and the like.
We learn to read, often with considerable effort, by noticing or 3 taught that groups of letters stand for the sounds that we already know 4 to speak. With even 5 effort, we learn to write the letters, 6 are symbols of sounds, and to put them together on paper so that others can read what we \"say\".
Since human language is a form of human behavior, 7 is nothing absolute about it. It has 8 slowly throughout human history and will continue to develop. In the English language there are perhaps 600,000 9 , possibly more, but most of them are 10 only to specialists and are
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rarely used.
B1. A. because B. while C. since D. so D2. A. on B. by C. in D. of C3. A. having B. are C. being D. been A4. A. how B. what C. which D. why D5. A. larger B. fewer C. less D. greater C6. A. they B. those C. which D. that A7. A. there B. it C. which D. one B8. A. lasted B. developed C. survived D. functioned B9. A. works B. sounds C. letters D. signs A10. A. known B. seen C. felt D. given
Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that go into the collecting of those
fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always asked of me is 1 I became an animal collector in the first place. The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any 2 was not the conventional “mamma” or “daddy”, but the word “zoo”, which I would 3 over and over again with a shrill voice until someone, in groups to 4 me up, would take me to the zoo. When I was growing a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great 5 of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare time 6 the countryside in search of fresh specimens to 7 to my collection of pets. 10 my first trip and I have been going ever since then. Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of disappointments, it is certainly a job which will appeal to all those who love and travel.
Later on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student aide to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison（野牛）and ostriches（鸵鸟）, which were not easy to keep at home. When I left, I successfully had enough money of my own to be able to 8 my first trip and I have been going9 ever since then. Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of disappointments, it is certainly a job which will appeal to all those who love10andtravel. A1. A. how B. where C. when D. whether A2. A. clarity B. emotion C. sentiment D. affection D3. A. recite B. recognize C. read D. repeat B4. A. close B. shut C. stop D. comfort C5. A. many B. amount C. number D. supply D6. A. living B. cultivating C. reclaiming D. exploring C7. A. increase B. include C. add D. enrich D8. A. pay B. provide C. allow D. finance B9. A. normally B. regularly C. formally D. rarely B10. A. pets B. animals C. plants D. Zoos
When Beethoven was 28, he began to notice a strange noise in his 1 . As it grew worse, he went to see doctors, and was told that he was going deaf. This was too much for any composer to 2 . Beethoven was in despair; he was sure that he was going to die. He went to the countryside 3 he wrote a long farewell letter to his brothers, describing 4 sad and lonely his deafness made him. He longed to die.
In fact, Beethoven did something braver than dying. He gathered his courage and went on writing
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music, though he could hear 5 he wrote more and more faintly. He wrote the music for which we remember him best 6 he became deaf. This music was very different from any that had been composed before. 7 the elegant（优雅的） and grand music that earlier composers had written for their wealthy listeners, Beethoven wrote stormy, exciting music which reminds us 8 his troubled and courageous life. His Heroic Symphony（交响曲） and Fifth Symphony both show his courage in struggling with his fate.
In time (终于) he went completely deaf, but he wrote more gloriously（辉煌地） than ever, for he could \"hear\" his music in his mind. He was lonely and often unhappy, but 9 this, he often wrote joyful music. Because of his courage and strong 10 , his music has given joy and inspiration (灵感) to millions of people. B1. A. eyes B. ears C. nose D. mouth D2. A. understand B. keep C. catch D. bear C3. A. which B. what C. where D. when A4. A. how B. so C. such D. very B5. A. which B. what C. that D. all B6. A. until B. after C. before D. later C7. A. in addition to B. on the contrary C. Instead of D. by comparison A8. A. of B. about C. in D. from D9. A. in view of B. in relation to C. in regard to D. in spite of B10. A. mind B. will C. heart D. Strength
Art is not limited to literature. It 1 as building designing, as music, and certainly as paintings, water colors, oils, and other 2 . The pictures on the following pages, as well as the art collections, throughout the text, are meant to help you realize that certain things are 3 to all art forms. Once he has decided whether he will write, build or paint, 4 must choose material, shape it, and aim it to 5 his artistic purpose.
You will find, too, that Man's strong wish or hope to picture his surroundings, his thoughts, and his feelings is not 6 to any age or culture. The 7 of art passed down from their great grandfathers' grandfathers is used as a supply to which artists may turn for 8 common to all men. Suppose you wanted to paint a picture that would, somehow, suggest a folk-tale. Would your characters be modern or would they be simple? Careful 9 of art works in Part Six of the book will help you to answer these questions, and to see how the 10 of one art form, literature, can be changed to those of another art form, paintings. A1. A. appears B. looks C. seems D. serves D2. A. shapes B. sizes C. colors D. forms A3. A. common B. the same C. shared D. public A4. A. an artist B. a man C. a student D. anyone D5. A. finish B. complete C. get to D. achieve C6. A. controlled B. led C. limited D. fixed up B7. A. collections B. wealth C. streams D. life A8. A. subjects B. helps C. characters D. feelings D9. A. test B. watching C. experiment D. examination B10. A. quantities B. qualities C. numbers D. amount
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第五部分 指出下面句子中下划线的部分是什么句子成分 样题：
1. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times.
A. 宾语 B. 状语 C.主语 D. 谓语 第六部分按要求翻译以下句子
3句中译英，3句英译中，来自课本中讲过的文章。
课文复习
UNIT 1
PASSAGE1
Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history, greater than what only a few other men have achieved. An American university president once commented that Einstein had created a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity of time and space and so on, but even ordinary men understand now that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.
By 1914 the young Einstein had gained world fame. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study, but soon his peace and quiet were broken by the First World War. Einstein hated violence. The misery of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.
In the years following World War I, honors were increasingly heaped on him. He became the head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize, and he was honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.
翻译：爱因斯坦艾伯特对科学和历史有很大的影响，比其他几个人所取得的成就更大。一位美国大学校长曾评论说，爱因斯坦创造了一个新的观点，一个新的宇宙观。这可能是一段时间之前的平均心智完全理解时间和空间的身份等，但即使是普通的人也明白，现在宇宙是比以往任何时候都更大的东西。
1914年轻的爱因斯坦获得了世界的名声。他接受邀请成为柏林普鲁士科学院教授。他很少有责任，很少有教学和无限的机会，但很快他的和平和宁静被第一次世界大战打破了。爱因斯坦讨厌暴力。战争的苦难深深地影响了他，他闷闷不乐地坐在办公室里做点。他对他的研究失去了兴趣。只有当和平来到1918是他能够回去工作。 战后，他获得了越来越多的荣誉。他成了理论物理研究所所长凯撒whihem。1921年他获得了诺贝尔奖，他很荣幸在德国，直到纳粹当他被赶出德国，因为他是犹太人。 PASSAGE 2
In 16, Einstein went to Zurich to study physics. There he met a girl from Hungary. They studied in the same class and the same interest in physics brought them together and they became good friends. Before long they fell in love. In 1903 when Einstein was 24, he married Marits, who was 4 years older than he.
After their marriage, Einstein devoted himself to the research of the great theory. To give her husband more help, Marits gave up her own work, and became a good wife and assistant. She tried her best to encourage him whenever possible. She was sure that her husband would succeed. They often discussed the theory while walking outside or sitting
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together in the room. They even did that in their letters when one of them was away from their home.
In 1914, Einstein moved to Berlin and settled down there. At that time his theory proved to be correct and he had become famous all over the world. But it was not long before the First World War broke out. Marits, as well as her two sons, who was on holiday in Switzerland, couldn’t come back to Berlin any more. The war not only stopped Einstein’s work but also broke up the warm, happy family. In 1919 Einstein and Marits had to get divorced.
翻译：在16，爱因斯坦去苏黎世学习物理。在那里他遇到了一个来自匈牙利的女孩。他们在同一个班级学习，同样的兴趣把他们聚集在一起，他们成了好朋友。不久他们就坠入爱河。1903爱因斯坦24岁时，他娶了正，谁是比他大4岁。
婚后，爱因斯坦致力于对伟大理论的研究。给丈夫更多的帮助，正是她自己放弃了工作，成为一个好妻子和助手。她尽可能地鼓励他。她确信她的丈夫会成功。他们经常在室外散步或坐在一起讨论这个理论。他们甚至在他们的信中，当他们离开他们的家。
1914，爱因斯坦搬到柏林定居下来。在那个时候他的理论被证明是正确的，他在全世界都很有名。但在第一次世界大战爆发前不久。正，还有她的两个儿子，谁是在瑞士度假，不能回到柏林再。战争不仅停止了爱因斯坦的工作，而且还打破了温暖、幸福的家庭。1919爱因斯坦和正不得不离婚。
PASSAGE 3
One day in 1965, when I was a library worker at school, a teacher came to me. She had a student who finished his work before all the others and needed something more difficult for him to do. \"Could you help me in the library?\" she asked. I said, \"Send him along.\"
Soon, a golden-haired boy appeared. \"Do you have a job for me?\" he asked. I told him about a system for sorting books. He picked up the idea immediately. Then I showed him some cards for some unreturned books that I thought had been returned but not recorded. Maybe some books were put on wrong places. He said, \"Is it a kind of a detective job?\" I answered yes, and then he began his work.
He had found three books with wrong cards by the time his teacher opened the door and said, \"Time for rest!\" he argued for finishing the finding job, but the teacher won.
The next morning, he arrived early, \"I want to finish these books,\" he said. At the end of the day, when he asked to work with me more often, it was easy for me to say yes.
After a few weeks I found a note on my desk, inviting me to dinner at the boy's home. At the end of a pleasant evening, his mother declared that the family would be moving to another school. Her son's first concern, she said, was leaving the library. \"Who will find the lost books?\" he asked. When the time came, it was hard to say goodbye. Though at the beginning he had seemed an ordinary boy, his strong feeling of interest had made him different.
Do you know who he is? This boy became a great man of the Information Age: Bill Gates.
翻译：有一天，在1965，当我是一个图书馆工人在学校，一个老师来到我。她有一个学生，他完成了他的工作之前，所有的人和需要的东西更难以做。你能帮我
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在图书馆吗？”她问。我说，“把他送过来。”
不久，一个金发男孩出现了。”你有一份适合我的工作吗？”他问。我告诉他关于图书分类的系统。他立即拿起了这个主意。然后我给他一些未归还的书的一些卡片，我以为已经回来了但没有记录。也许有些书放在了错误的地方。他说：“这是一个侦探工作吗？”我回答说是的，然后他开始他的工作。
他找到了三本书，他打开了门，说：“时间休息！”他为完成这一发现而争论，但老师赢了。
第二天早上，他很早就到了，“我想完成这些书，”他说。在一天结束的时候，当他要求和我一起工作的时候，我很容易说是的。
几周后，我在我的桌子上发现了一张纸条，请我在男孩家里吃饭。在一个愉快的晚上结束时，他的母亲宣布这个家庭将搬到另一所学校去了。她儿子的第一个问题，她说，离开图书馆。”谁会找到丢失的书？”他问。当时间来了，很难说再见。虽然在刚开始时，他似乎是一个普通的男孩，他强烈的兴趣使他有所不同。
你知道他是谁吗？这个男孩变成了一个伟大的人的信息时代：比尔盖茨。 PASSAGE4
Martin Luther King was a black minister, who became a great leader of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and1960s.
King was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. When he was young, he was strongly influenced by Thoreau and Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi’s idea of non-violent resistance. Having received a Ph. D (Doctor of Philosophy) from Boston University, he became a political and religious leader of the non-violent civil rights movement in 1955. On August 28, 1963, he led over 250,000 Americans on a march in Washington D.C. to fight for the Civil Rights Law to guarantee equality for all people, and delivered Though he died, he was greatly respected and loved by the Americans, both the white and the black. By vote of Congress in 1968, the third Monday of every January is now a federal holiday in Luther King’s honor. He lives in people’s hearts forever.
翻译：路德金是一个黑人牧师，并成为了20世纪50年代和60年代的民权运动的伟大领袖。
国王于1929年1月15日出生于佐治亚州亚特兰大市。当他年轻的时候，他被梭罗和印度领袖甘地的非暴力抵抗思想的强烈影响。获得了波士顿大学哲学博士学位，他成为1955个非暴力民权运动的政治和宗教领袖。1963年8月28日，他带领250000多美国人在华盛顿，争取民权法案，以确保人人平等，并提供了一个机会。
虽然他死了，但他很受美国人的尊敬和爱戴，无论是白人还是黑人。在1968日的投票中，每一个一月的第三个星期一是联邦假日，在路德金的荣誉。他永远活在人们的心中。
UNIT 2 PASSAGE1
When he took office, George W. Bush, son of former president George Herbert Walker Bush, became the first son to follow his father into the White House since John Quicey Adams followed John Adams in the early 19th century. Bush was born on July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut, the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and Barbara Pierce Bush. Although George Herbert Walker Bush began his career in the oil
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industry, he finally served as a congressman, and vice president and president of the United States.
At the age of two, Bush moved with his parents from Connecticut to Odessa, Texas, where his father took up the oil business. After a year in Texas, the family moved to California for business reasons. A year later, the family returned to Texas and settled in Midland, where Bush lived from 1950 to 1959. In 1959, again for business reasons, the family moved to Houston, Texas. In 1961 Bush left Texas and went to Andover, Massachusetts, to attend Phillips Academy, a boarding school that his father had also attended. At Phillips, Bush played basketball, baseball, and football. He was best known for being head cheerleader. In 19 he enrolled at Yale University in Connecticut. His father and grandfather had also attended Yale. At Yale, Bush was considered an average student, but he was popular with his classmates. Bush graduated from Yale with a bachelor’s degree in history in 1968. Then he joined the Air National Guard and remained in the Guard until 1973. After earning his MBA from Harvard in 1975, Bush returned to Midland. Like his father, he first entered the oil industry as a “landsman”. However, Bush’s oil companies never enjoyed great success. He took more interest in politics. He helped his father to become president and in 1994 he himself was elected governor of Texas.
翻译：小布什的办公室，当他带着儿子，前总统乔治赫伯特沃克布什，成为第一个儿子跟随父亲进入白宫以来，约翰quicey亚当斯跟亚当斯早在第十九世纪。1946年7月6日，在康涅狄格州的新的港口，赫伯特的第一个孩子，巴巴拉，他在新的港口。虽然赫伯特在石油工业上开始了他的职业生涯，但他最终成为了一名国会议员，他是美国副总统和总统。
在2岁的他和他的父母从康涅狄格州搬到敖德萨德克萨斯，他父亲在那里做石油生意。在德克萨斯一年后，全家搬到加利福尼亚，因为商业原因。一年后，全家回到德克萨斯，定居在中部，在布什生活从1950到1959。在1959，又因经营原因，全家搬到休斯敦德克萨斯。1961布什离开德克萨斯去多佛，马萨诸塞州，参加菲利普斯学院，一所寄宿学校，他的父亲也参加了。菲利普斯，布什打篮球，棒球和足球。他最出名的是队长。19他在康涅狄格州的耶鲁大学就读。他的父亲和祖父也曾就读于耶鲁大学。在耶鲁，他被认为是一个普通的学生，但是他很受同学们的欢迎。在1968年里，有一个学士学位，在耶鲁大学毕业了。然后，他加入了空军国民警卫队，并保持在后卫，直到1973。他获得MBA学位从哈佛1975，布什回到米德兰。像他父亲一样，他第一次进入石油行业作为“同胞”。然而，布什的石油公司从未享有巨大的成功。他对政治更感兴趣。他帮助他父亲成为总统，1994岁的他自己当选为德克萨斯州州长。
PASSAGE2
In 1801, Thomas Jefferson was the first president to take the oath of office in the nation's permanent capital, Washington D.C. Although Washington was a new city, it was already familiar to President Jefferson. In fact, Jefferson had helped plan the capital's streets and public buildings. Besides being a city planner and architect, the new President was a writer, a scientist, and the inventor of several tools. Jefferson lived in the Presidential Palace. The Palace was more than a home; it contained offices for the President and some of his staff and advisors. It also included dining and reception rooms, where the President could entertain congressmen. However, President Jefferson did not
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give many formal parties. This was partly because there was no First Lady. Jefferson's wife had died in 1782. But it was also because Jefferson liked to live in a simple fashion. Once, he showed up for an important meeting wearing old clothes and slippers! Neither Washington nor Adams would ever have dressed so casually. Jefferson was different from the first two Presidents in other ways, too. He disagreed with them about how the country should be run, and about what part a President should play in running it.
翻译：在1801，杰佛逊托马斯是第一任总统宣誓就职的国家的永久资本，华盛顿特区，虽然华盛顿是一个新的城市，它已经很熟悉杰佛逊总统。事实上，杰佛逊已经帮助了首都的街道和公共建筑的计划。除了作为一个城市规划师和建筑师，新总统是一个作家，一个科学家，和几个工具的发明者。杰佛逊生活在总统府。这座宫殿不仅仅是一个家庭，它还包含了总统和他的一些工作人员和顾问的办公室。它还包括餐饮和接待室，那里的总统招待国会议员。然而，杰佛逊总统没有给许多正式的政党。这部分是因为没有第一夫人。杰佛逊的妻子已经死了1782。但也因为杰佛逊喜欢活在一个简单的时尚。有一次，他出现了一个重要的会议，穿着旧衣服和拖鞋！无论是华盛顿还是亚当斯都不会穿得那么随便。杰佛逊在其他方面也不同于前两位总统。他不同意国家应该如何运行，以及总统应该在运行中发挥什么样的角色。
PASSAGE3
Jean-Michael Lourdis was a promising young pianist. But when the young man played, it seemed to him as if his hands were iron. He worried so much about his playing that he became oversensitive to the comments of his playing. Unfortunately, in those days, a critic was not considered a critic unless he found something wrong. This attitude of the critics would often leave the young man ready to give up his dream and return home. He was invited to play in Helsinki. The rich, the famous, the leaders of State were all there. Jean-Michael had one of those days when everything went wrong. That night as he played, he felt as if it were the worst concert of his young life. The next day, in the newspapers, some of the comments were so unkind. The young musician was painful. That day, as he sat in his hotel room in total despair, there came a knocking at his door. He had a visitor. The famous Finnish composer Jean Sibelius had come by to congratulate the young pianist on his performance. Jean-Michael asked how he thought of that and began to quote some of the newspaper critics. \"Hands of iron. No imagination. Little skill, no joy. Don't you hear what they say?\" he asked.
翻译：米迦勒是一个有前途的青年钢琴家lourdis。但是，当年轻人玩的时候，他似乎是他的手是铁。他非常担心他的演奏，他变得敏感对他的演奏的评论。不幸的是，在那些日子里，一个评论家没有被认为是批评家，除非他发现了一些错误的东西。批评家的这种态度往往会让年轻人放弃自己的梦想，回到家里。他被邀请参加赫尔辛基的比赛。富人、名人、国家领导人都在那里。琼-米迦勒有一天，一切都错了。那天晚上，当他演奏时，他觉得这是他年轻生命中最糟糕的一场演唱会。第二天，在报纸上，一些评论是如此的无情。这位年轻的音乐家很痛苦。那一天，当他坐在旅馆的房间里，总感到绝望时，有一个敲门声来了。他有一位客人。著名的芬兰作曲家，西贝柳斯，祝贺他的表演的年轻钢琴家。米迦勒问他是怎么想的，并开始报一些报纸的批评。铁之手。没有想象。小技巧，不喜悦。难道你不知道他们说什么吗？”他问。
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PASSAGE4
In 1920, barely out of his teens, Alfred Hitchcock went to work for an American film company which had opened a studio in Islington, London. His first job at the studio was writing captions for silent movies. Within two years, he was writing scripts and working as an assistant director. For the rest of the 1920s, Hitchcock worked on one film after another in Britain and Germany. Filming was often a rough-and-ready affair and the assistant director was required to step in and plug gaps.A cameraman went missing, Hitchcock became a cameraman. A scene needed rewriting, Hitchcock rewrote it. Someone needed to be in charge of money when the film crew was on location, Hitchcock looked after the money. At the same time, this being the era of silent movies, Hitchcock was learning the language of cinema: telling a story－not through dialogue, but through visual images. This led to his success later.
When he began to direct his own films, first in Britain and later in Hollywood, he was determined to make films that held the audience's attention and kept tension. He succeeded. Hitchcock's ability to put you on the edge of your seat makes him one of the greatest makers of suspense movies.
翻译：1920，几乎从他十几岁的时候，艾尔弗雷德希区柯克去了一家美国影戏公司，开了一个工作室在伦敦伊斯灵顿的工作。他在工作室的第一份工作是写无声电影字幕。在两年内，他正在写剧本，并作为一名助理导演工作。在20世纪20年代，希区柯克曾在英国和德国的另一部电影中工作过。拍摄往往是粗略的事件和副主任要求和步骤来填补。摄影师失踪，希区柯克成为一名摄影师。一个场景需要重写，希区柯克改写了它。当电影摄制组在拍摄地点时，有人需要负责的钱，希区柯克看了看这些钱。同时，这是无声电影时代，希区柯克学习电影语言：讲故事－不通过对话，而是通过视觉图像。这导致了他后来的成功。
当他开始导演自己的电影，第一次在英国，后来在好莱坞，他决心使电影，观众的关注和保持紧张。他成功了。希区柯克把你放在座位边上的能力让他成为了一个最伟大的电影制作人。
UNIT3
PASSAGE 1
Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is “Don’t!”．But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act，although the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school．Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted，and the course lasts two years．Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing
everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny.
Of course，some people have remarkable chances which lead to fame and success without this long and hard training．Connie Pratt，for example，was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory．A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop，as he drove past in his car．He stopped and got out to speak to the
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girl．He asked if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test，and she thought he was joking．Then she got angry and said she would call the police．It took the producer twenty minutes to convince Connie that he was serious．The test was successful．And within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day．But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!
翻译：演戏是一个过于拥挤的职业，应该给年轻人一个思考的阶段是“不要！“但这是没有用的，试图阻止别人的感觉，他必须采取行动，虽然他成为著名的机会渺茫。开始正常的方式是去戏剧学校。通常只有学生的承诺，才能被接受，要上两年的课程。然后年轻的男演员或者女演员要一个剧团，通常作为一个助理舞台监督。这意味着在剧院里做所有的事情：画风景，看家具，照顾服装，甚至在很小的地方表演。这是非常辛苦的工作。工作时间长，工资很小。
当然，有些人运气非常好，名誉和成功不需要经过长期艰苦的训练。Connie，举例来说，只是一个平凡的女孩，在一家自行车厂工作。一个电影制片人碰巧看见她一天早上在公共汽车站等车，他开车经过他的车，他停下来，走出来的女孩，他问她是否想去电影制片厂做测试，她以为他是在开玩笑，然后她生气了，说她会打电话给。制片人花了二十分钟才让Connie相信他是认真的。试验是成功的，并在几周内她演主角相反的一天中最有名的演员。但是象这样的机会在蓝月亮上的！ PASSAGE2
In 1933 an unknown American called Clarence Nash went to see the film maker Walter Disney. He had an unusual voice and he wanted to work in Disney’s cartoon films for children. When Walter Disney heard Nash’s voice, he said, “stop! That’s our duck!”
The duck was the now famous Donald Duck, who first appeared in 1934 in the film the Wise Little Hen. Donald lived in an old houseboat and wore his sailor jacket and hat. Later that year he became a star after an eight-minute Mickey Mouse film. The cinema audiences liked him because he was lazy and greedy, and because he lost his temper very easily. And they loved his voice, when he became angry with Mickey’s eight nephews. Soon Donald was more popular than Mickey Mouse himself, probably because he wasn’t goody-goody like Mickey.
In the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s Donald and his friends Mickey, Goofy and Pluto made hundreds of Disney cartoon. He also made educational films about the places of the USA in the world, and safety in the home. Then in 1966 Donald Duck and his voice
disappeared—there were no more new cartoons. Clarence Nash died in February, 1985. But today’s children can still see the old cartoons on TV and hear that famous voice.
翻译：1933一个未知的美国叫纳什去看电影制作人华特·迪士尼。他有一个不寻常的声音，他想在迪斯尼的卡通电影为儿童工作。当沃尔特迪斯尼听到纳什的声音，他说：“停止！那是我们的鸭子！“
这只鸭子是现在著名的唐纳德鸭，他第一次出现在1934个在电影中的聪明的小母鸡。唐纳德住在旧船上，穿水手服，帽子。一年后，他成为了一个八分钟的米老鼠电影明星。电影观众喜欢他，因为他是懒惰和贪婪，因为他很容易失去他的脾气。他们喜欢他的声音，当他生气了米奇的八个外甥。唐纳德很快就比米老鼠受欢迎，可能是因为他不是伪善的人喜欢米奇。
在20世纪30年代，20世纪40年代和50年代的唐纳德和他的朋友米奇、高飞和冥王星制作了数百个迪斯尼动画片。他还制作了美国的教育电影，在世界上，安全的家庭。然后在1966个唐纳德鸭和他的声音消失了没有更多的新的漫画。纳什在二月
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去世，1985。但今天的孩子们仍然可以看到电视上的老漫画，听到那个声音。
PASSAGE 3
A film was at the Circle Five Ranch to film a Marlboro commercial. This was in 1868, before they prohibitedcigarette ads from American television. Darrell Winfield was watching the crew set up the equipment. The scene included an actor crossing a river on horseback, but when the time came to shoot, the man was too drunk to ride. Someone from the crew saw Winfield and asked him if he would ride the horse for 50 dollars. \"Hell,\" said Winfield, \"for 50 bucks, I’ll jump that damn horse over the moon!\"
To people in many countries, Winfield is just a familiar but nameless face, a simple cowboy with advertising message about a connection between the West and a brand of cigarettes. Few people know that he is 55, a family man who' s been married to the same woman for 37 years and has 5 children and 7 grandchildren. Most surprisingly, he’s a real, working cowboy who raises horses in his ranch in Wyoming.
One of the most striking things about the Marlboro Man is that success hasn’t changed him much. He says that complete strangers sometimes come up to him and say, \"I've met you, know you from somewhere.\" Whenever it happens, he says that he gets embarrassed. 翻译：电影是在圆五牧场拍摄万宝路商业。这是1868，在他们prohibitedcigarette从美国电视广告。温菲尔德达雷尔正在观看船员们设置的设备。现场包括一名演员在骑马时穿过一条河，但是当时间到了，那人太醉了，不能骑马。船员看见温菲尔德，问他是否要骑50美元。地狱，“温菲尔德说，”50块钱，我会跳，该死的马在月球！”
对许多国家的人来说，温菲尔德只是一个熟悉但无名的脸，一个简单的牛仔，一个关于西方和一个品牌的香烟之间的联系的广告信息。很少有人知道他是55岁，一个和同一个女人结婚37年的家庭，有5个孩子和7个孙子。最令人惊讶的是，他是一个真正的，工作的牛仔，他在怀俄明的农场里养了一匹马。
一个关于万宝路男人最引人注目的事情是成功并没有改变他。他说完全陌生的人有时会出现在他身上，说：“我见过你，从某个地方认识你，”每当它发生的时候，他说他会感到尴尬。
UNIT4 PASSAGE1
There are different ideas about pets in different parts of the world. In most cultures, animals are in a worse position than human beings. In some cases, however, people treat their pets like members of their families, or perhaps better. In the United States and Europe, there are special shops that sell clothing and food for cats and dogs.
In many countries of the world, there is special food for pets. It is common for big markets in many places to sell cat food and dog food. However, in a small town in France, there is a special restaurant for dogs. Dogs are the only customers. There is seating for twenty of them. The dogs choose from a variety of dishes on the menu.
Of course, in most parts of the world, pets don’t live in such wealth and comfort. People treat their pets in a more practical way. People own cats and dogs because they keep away mice and other unwanted animals. Owners have some loving feelings for their pets, but they do not see them as equal to family members. In most places in the world,
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there isn’t any special clothing or fine food for animals. There aren’t any special restaurants for dogs.
Pets around the world live in a great variety of ways, just as people do.
翻译：世界不同地区的宠物有不同的想法。在大多数文化中，动物的地位比人类更为糟糕。然而，在某些情况下，人们对他们的宠物，他们的家庭成员，或者更好。在美国和欧洲，有专门的商店，卖衣服和食物的猫和狗。
在世界许多国家，有专门的宠物食品。在许多地方，卖猫食和狗食是大市场的共同之处。然而，在法国的一个小镇上，有一家专门为狗的餐馆。狗是唯一的客户。其中有二十个座位。狗从菜单上选择了各种菜肴。
当然，在世界大部分地区，宠物不生活在这样的财富和舒适中。人们用更实际的方式对待他们的宠物。养猫和狗是因为他们不让老鼠和其他不想要的动物。主人对他们的宠物有一些爱的感觉，但是他们不认为他们和家庭成员一样。在世界上的大多数地方，没有专门的衣服或动物的食物。没有任何特别的餐馆的狗。 世界各地的宠物生活在一个伟大的各种方式，正如人们所做的。
PASSAGE2
While plant and animal species are disappearing at a rapidly increasing rate
throughout the world, scientists note some success stories. For example, the number of elephants killed illegally in Africa has fallen sharply. Eighty-nine thousand were killed in 1983. 46 thousand were killed one year later. This happened because African countries agreed to establish export limits on ivory from elephants. Ivory is the hard white material that forms an elephant's two long teeth, or tusks. Countries that import ivory are refusing to accept ivory shipments that do not have legal export documents.
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in a treaty signed by 91 nations led to the program for saving endangered elephants in Africa.
Successful efforts also have been made in protecting Africa's endangered mountain gorillas. Almost 400 of the gorillas survive in a volcano area on the border of Rwanda, Uganda and Zaire. The mountain gorilla population has remained about the same for 15 years. This happened partly because Rwanda developed an important business that
depends on protecting the gorillas. Visitors there can pay to get close to watch the gorillas in the animals' traditional home area.
Another successful program is to take endangered animals out of their natural homes. The animals are put into zoos or other protected areas where they can reproduce in safety. The goal of many of these programs is to produce enough animals to put back into the wild.
翻译：虽然植物和动物物种正在迅速增长的速度消失在世界各地，科学家们注意到一些成功的故事。例如，非洲非法猎杀大象的数量急剧下降。八零九千人死亡1983。一年后4万6000人死亡。这是因为非洲国家同意建立象牙的出口。象牙白色硬材料形成大象的长牙或牙。进口象牙的国家拒绝接受没有合法出口文件的象牙货。 91个国家签署的一项有关濒危物种国际贸易公约导致了非洲濒危大象的保护计划。 保护非洲濒危的山地大猩猩也取得了成功的努力。几乎400的大猩猩在卢旺达、乌干达和扎伊尔的边境上生存下来。山地大猩猩的数量一直保持着15年不变。这发生部分是因为卢旺达发展了一项重要的商业，这取决于保护大猩猩。在动物的传统家庭地区，游客可以得到接近观看大猩猩的报酬。
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另一个成功的计划是把濒危动物从他们的自然家园中走出来。动物被放置在动物园或其他受保护的地方，它们可以在安全的地方繁殖。许多这些节目的目标是生产足够的动物，把它们放回野外。
PASSAGE3
It was Monday. Mrs. Smith's dog was hungry, but there was not any meat in the house. Mrs. Smith took a piece of paper, and wrote the following words on it, “Give my dog half a pound of meat.” Then she gave the paper to her dog and said gently, \"Take this to the butcher and he's going to give you your lunch today.\" Holding the piece of paper in its mouth, the dog ran to the butcher's. It gave the paper to the butcher. The butcher read it carefully, recognized that it was really the lady's handwriting and soon did it as he was asked to. The dog was very happy, and ate the meat up at once. At noon, the dog came to the shop again. It gave the butcher a piece of paper again. After reading it, he gave it half a pound of meat once more. The next day, the dog came again exactly at noon still with a piece of paper in the mouth. This time, the butcher did not take a look at paper, and gave the dog its meat, for he had regarded the dog as one of his customers. But, the dog came again at four o'clock. And the same thing happened once again. To the butcher's more surprise, it came for the third time at six o'clock, and brought with it a third piece of paper. The butcher felt a bit puzzled. He said to himself, “This is a small dog. Why does Mrs. Smith give it so much meat to eat today? ” Looking at the piece of paper, he found that there were not any words on it!
翻译：这是星期一。史密斯夫人的狗饿了，但没有任何肉的房子。史密斯太太拿了一张纸，在上面写道，“给我的狗半磅肉。”然后她给了她的狗，轻轻地说，“把这个给屠夫，他会给你你今天的午餐。”嘴叼着纸片，狗跑到肉店。它给了屠夫。屠夫仔细地看了看，认出那是真的是那位女士的笔迹，很快就被问到了他。那只狗非常高兴，立刻把肉吃掉了。中午，狗又来到了商店。它又给了屠夫一张纸。读完后，他又给了它半磅的肉。第二天，狗又来了，正好在中午还用一张纸在嘴里。这一次，屠夫没有看一看纸，把它的肉，因为他认为狗是他的客户之一。但是，狗又在四点又来了。同样的事情又发生了。更让人吃惊的是，它在六点的时候就来了第三次，带着三分之一张纸。屠夫感到有点困惑。他对自己说：“这是一只小狗。史密斯夫人为什么把这么多的肉吃了吗？他看了那张纸，发现里面没有任何的词！
PASSAGE4
Pearl Carlson was shaken awake at 3:30 a.m. by a forceful pull. King, the family dog, was trying to pull her out of the bed. Then she smelled smoke and heard the sound of fire from her parent's room. Pearl's screams awaked her mother, Fern, and father, Howard, who had recently been in hospital for lung disease. Helping Howard to a first-floor window, Fern told him to climb out, then ran to her daughter.
Still inside, King appeared at Pearl's window, making squeaking sounds. When
running toward Pearl's bedroom, Fern realized her husband hadn't yet escaped. She made her way back through the smoke and flames, following King's sound to where Howard lay semiconscious on the floor. Fern helped him get outside. King came out only after both were safe.
As day dawned, the Carlsons saw that King's paws were badly burnt, and his entire
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body was burnt, too. His chain collar had gotten so hot that it burnt his throat, making it impossible for him to bark normally. Only after the seven-year-old dog refused food did they find pieces of wood in his mouth and realize that King, who slept outside, had bitten through a wood door to warn his family.
翻译：卡尔森珍珠都是凌晨3:30醒来，有力拉动。国王，家里的狗，正试图把她从床上拉出来。然后她闻到了烟味，听到了她父母的房间里发出的火焰的声音。珍珠的尖叫声吵醒了她的母亲，蕨类植物，和父亲，霍华德，他最近在医院肺部疾病。帮霍华德到了一楼的窗户，芬告诉他爬出来，然后跑到她的女儿。
还在里面，国王出现在珍珠的窗口，使吱吱的声音。当朝着珍珠的卧室跑去时，芬意识到她的丈夫还没有逃脱。她一路穿过浓烟和火焰，跟随王的声音，霍华德躺在地板上的时候。芬帮他走出了外面。国王出来后才两人都安然无恙。 PASSAGE5
After having lived for over twenty years in the same district, Albert Hall was forced to move to a new neighborhood. He surprised his landlord by telling him that he was leaving because he could not afford to buy any more chocolate.
It all began a year ago when Albert Hall returned home one evening and found a large dog in front of his gate. He was very fond of animals and as he happened to have a small piece of chocolate in his pocket, he gave it to the dog. The next day, the dog was there again. It held up its paws and received another piece of chocolate as a reward. Albert called his new friend \"Bingo\". He never found out the dog's real name, nor who his owner was. However, Bingo appeared regularly every afternoon and it was quite clear that he liked chocolate more than bones. He soon grew dissatisfied with small pieces of chocolate and demanded a large bar a day. If at any time Albert couldn't give it, Bingo got very angry and refused to let him open the gate. Albert was now at Bingo's mercy and had to \"buy him\" to get into his own house! He spent such a large part of his week's wage to keep Bingo supplied with chocolate that in the end he had to move somewhere else.
翻译：在同一区住了二十年后，艾伯特霍尔被迫搬到一个新社区。他告诉他，他离开了，因为他买不起更多的巧克力，他感到很惊讶。
这一切都始于一年前，当艾伯特霍尔一天晚上回到家里，发现一只大狗在门前。他很喜欢动物，他碰巧在口袋里有一小块巧克力，他给了狗。第二天，那只狗又在那里。它举起它的爪子，并获得了另一块巧克力作为奖励。艾伯特称他的新朋友“宾”。他从来没有找到那只狗的真实名字，也没有发现他的主人是谁。然而，他每天下午都会出现，很明显，他喜欢吃巧克力超过了骨头。他很快就对小的巧克力不满意，并要求每天大的酒吧。如果在任何时候，艾伯特不能给它，他很生气，拒绝让他打开门。艾伯特是在他的怜悯，不得不“买他”进入他自己的房子！他花了这么大的一部分，他的工资，以保持与巧克力的游戏，最后他不得不搬到其他地方。
UNIT5 PASSAGE1
The total area of land on earth is about 149 million square kilometers, or about 29 percent of the total area of the earth.
The average height of the land is about 750 meters above the sea level. The Eurasian land mass is the largest with an area of ,527,600 square kilometers. The smallest
continent is the Australian mainland, with an area of about 7,614,600 square kilometers,
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which together with Tasmania, New Zealand, New Guinea and the Pacific Islands, is described as Oceania. The total area of Oceania is about 8,935,500 square kilometers, including West Iran which is political in Asia. The world's largest peninsula is Arabia, with an area of about 3,327,500 square kilometers. The largest island in the world is Greenland, with an area of about 2,175,600 square kilometers. The largest island surrounded by fresh water is the Ilha de Marajo (4,022 square kilometers) in the mouth of the Amazon River, Brazil. The largest island in a lake is Manitoulin Island (2,766 square kilometers) in the Canadian section of Lake Huron. This island itself has on it a lake of 106 square kilometers called Manitou Lake, in which there are several islands.
翻译：地球总面积约1亿4900万平方公里，约占地球总面积的百分之29。 陆地平均高度约为海平面750米。欧亚地块面积最大，面积527600平方公里。最小的是澳大利亚，面积约7614600平方公里，与塔斯马尼亚、新西兰、新几内亚和太平洋群岛一起，被描述为大洋洲。大洋洲的总面积约35500平方公里，其中包括西伊朗，这是亚洲的政治。世界上最大的半岛是阿拉伯，面积约3327500平方公里。世界上最大的岛屿是格陵兰岛，面积约2175600平方公里。最大的岛屿包围的淡水是Ilha de马拉河岛（4022平方公里）在亚马逊河口，巴西。在湖中最大的岛屿是Manitoulin岛（2766平方公里）在休伦湖的加拿大部分。在这个岛屿上又有一湖106平方公里称为神灵湖，其中有多个岛屿。
PASSAGE2
The undersea world is very beautiful. Now more and more people want to dive in the water to find the secrets there. Scuba diving is a new sport today. It can take you into a wonderful undersea world. You will find many strange animals in the sea. Some are like a school bus. Many sea animals give out light in the dark and some have sharp teeth. During the day, there is enough light. Here, under the sea, everything is blue and green. When fish swim nearby, you can catch them with your hands. When you have bottles of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. However, you can't dive too deep. And you must be very careful when you dive in deep water. The deep sea is not an easy place to live in. It is cold, and it is dark, too. The deeper it is, the less sunlight there is. At about 3,000 feet, there is no light at all. It is very dark in the sea. Many fishes have no eyes. Some have big eyes. A few have eyes on one side. Besides the coldness and the darkness, deep-sea animals face a third danger - other animals. Animals eat! They must find food to eat. Many animals eat plants. However,some animals eat meat. This means these sea animals have two big jobs. They need to find animals as food, and they have to try not to become other animals' meal.
翻译：海底世界是非常美丽的。现在越来越多的人想潜入水里寻找秘密。潜水是一项新的运动今天。它可以带你进入一个奇妙的海底世界。你会在海上发现许多奇怪的动物。有些是一辆校车。许多海洋动物在黑暗中发光，有些牙齿锋利。白天，有足够的光。在这里，在大海，一切是蓝色和绿色。当附近的鱼游到附近，你可以用手抓住他们。当你在你的背上有一瓶空气，你可以在深水中停留很长一段时间。然而，你不能潜水太深。你必须非常小心，当你在深水潜水。深海不是一个容易生活的地方。它是冷的，它是黑暗的。它越深，阳光就越少。在大约3000英尺，没有任何光。它是非常黑暗的大海。许多鱼没有眼睛。有些人有大眼睛。有几个眼睛在一个侧面。除了寒冷和黑暗，深海动物面临三分之一种危险-其他动物。动物吃！他们
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必须找到食物吃。许多动物吃植物。然而，一些动物吃肉。这意味着这些海洋动物有2个大的工作。他们需要找到动物作为食物，他们必须设法不成为其他动物的食物。
PASSAGE3
Just four decades ago some 700 million people lived in cities. In 1990s the number stood at 1,800 million, and by the end of the 20th century it would reach 3,000 million—more than half the world’s estimated population. By the year 2000 an estimated 650 million people would crowd into 60 cities of five million or more—three quarters of them in the developing world. Only a single First World city—metropolitan Tokyo, which would have 24 million people—is expected to be among the global top five; London, ranked second in 1950 with ten million people, would not even make 2000’s top 25. In places where rates of natural population increase exceed three per cent annually—
meaning much of the Third World—that alone is enough to double a city’s population within 20 years. But equally powerful are the streams of hopeful migrants from the countryside. What faces and confuses urban planners is the huge scale of these trends. There have never been cities of 30 million people, let alone ones dependent on roads, sewer and water supplies barely adequate for urban areas a tenth that size. And the flood of new arrivals in swelling Third World cities far overtakes the supply of
jobs—particularly as modern industries put a premium ontechnology rather than manpower. So it would be virtually impossible to find permanent employment for 30 to 40 percent of the 1,000 million new city inhabitants expected by the year 2000.
Despite the terrible conditions that the city newcomers face, their numbers are growing at rates as much as twice that of the cities themselves—and every step taken to improve their living conditions in the slums only attracts more migrants.
翻译：就在四年前，大约有7亿人居住在城市里。在20世纪90年代，这个数字为18亿，而到了第二十世纪末，它将达到30亿以上的世界人口的一半。到2000年，估计有6亿5000万人会挤进60个或三个以上的五百万个城市，在发展中的世界里。只有一个城市的第一个世界大都市，这将有2400万人预计将在全球前五；伦敦，排名第二，在1950与一千万人，甚至不会使2000的前25名。在自然人口增长率超过三，每百分之第三的世界上的地方，这意味着的世界是足够的一一个城市的人口在20年内。但同样强大的是来自农村的希望移民的溪流。什么样的面孔和混淆的城市规划者是这些趋势的规模巨大。从未有过3000万人的城市，更不用说依赖于道路、下水道和供水的城市，这十分之一个城市的面积几乎没有。和新来的人在洪水肿胀第三世界城市远超工作特别是现代产业重视技术而不是人力资源的供应。因此，几乎不可能找到10亿到百分之40的30个新城市居民的永久就业，预计到2000。 尽管城市新人面临的可怕的情况，他们的数量正在增长率尽可能多的两倍，城市本身和每一步采取改善贫民窟的生活条件只吸引更多的移民。
PASSAGE4
In Europe many people died during the Second World War. As a result, at the end of the war there were many orphans there. A man called Hermann Gmeiner wanted to help these children. His idea was simple. He wanted orphans to have a home. And he wanted them to have the care and kindness of parents. Gmeiner asked people to give him some
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money. With this money he built the first SOS Children's Village at Imst, in Austria. It opened in 1949. This is how the SOS Children's Villages started. The letters SOS stand for ″Save Our Souls″. This means ″Please help us!″ An SOS Children's Village gives help to orphans. Hermann Gmeiner's idea for helping orphans soon spread all over the world. By 1983 there were 170 SOS Children's Villages in the world. People in many countries give money to help the villages. Today the children from the first villages are grown up. Now some of them work in other SOS Children's Villages. In SOS villages orphans live in family groups. There are several houses in each village. The biggest
villages have 40 or 50 houses! Between seven and ten children live in a house. A woman lives with each group of children and looks after them. She gives the children a lot of love and kindness. She cooks for them and makes a comfortable, happy home for them. Of course, the children don't spend all their time in the village. They go to school, they go out with their friends and they go into town. But the village gives them a home —sometimes for the first time in their lives.
翻译：在二战中许多人都死了。结果，战争结束时，那里有许多孤儿。一个叫赫尔曼gmeiner想帮助这些孩子。他的想法很简单。他想让孤儿有一个家。他希望他们有父母的关怀和仁慈。格迈纳请人给他一些钱。有了这笔钱，他建立了第一个SOS儿童村在Imst，在奥地利。它开在1949。这就是SOS儿童村开始。字母SOS代表″拯救我们的灵魂″。这意味着″请帮助我们！″SOS儿童村的孤儿提供帮助。赫尔曼gmeiner帮助孤儿的想法很快传遍世界。1983世界上有170个SOS儿童村。许多国家的人都给钱来帮助村庄。今天从第一个村庄的孩子们长大了。他们中的一些工作在其他SOS儿童村。SOS儿童村孤儿生活在家庭组。每个村庄里有几座房子。最大的村庄有40个或50个房子！七到十个孩子住在一个房子里。一个女人与一组儿童生活，并照顾他们。她给孩子们很多的爱和仁慈。她为他们做饭，为他们做了一个舒适的，幸福的家。当然，孩子们不在村里呆上所有的时间。他们去学校，和他们的朋友一起外出，进城。但村里给他们一个家，有时在他们的生活的第一次。
PASSAGE5
About ten men in every hundred suffer from colour blindness in some way; women are luckier---only about one in two hundred is affected in this manner. There are different forms of color blindness. A man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green—a strange world indeed. In certain occupations colour blindness can be
dangerous and candidates are tested most carefully. Colour blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions of very small things called “cones”. These help to see in a bright light and to tell the difference between colours. There are also millions of “rods” but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shape but not colour. Wait until it is dark tonight, and then go outside. Look round you and try to see what colors you can recognize. Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all, so they cannot see colours. As far as we know,bats and adult owls cannot see colours at all. They can see only light and dark shapes. Similarly cats and dogs cannot see colours as well as we can. Insects can see ultraviolet rays which are invisible to us, and some of them can even see X-rays. The wings
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of a moth may seem grey and dull to us, but to insects they may appear beautiful, showing colours which we cannot see. Scientists know that there are other colours around us which insects can see but which we cannot see. Some insects have favorite colours. Mosquitoes like blue, but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects but a blue lamp will. 翻译：约有十人每百人中以某种方式患有色盲；妇女是幸运的--大约二百人中只有一个是以这种方式的影响。有不同形式的颜色盲。一个人可能无法看到深红色。他可能认为红色、橙色和黄色都是绿色的。有时一个人不能分辨蓝色与绿色的区别。在罕见的情况下，一个不幸的人可能会看到在绿色色调的一切确实陌生的世界。某些职业色盲很危险，考生进行最仔细的。在人类的颜色失明是一个奇怪的事情来解释。在一个单一的眼睛有数以百万计的非常小的事情称为“锥”。这些有助于看到在一个明亮的光线和颜色的区别。也有数百万的“棒”，但这些都是用来观看时，它几乎是黑暗的。他们给我们展示的形状，但没有颜色。等到天黑了，然后去外面。环顾四周，试着看看你能认出什么颜色。在夜间狩猎的鸟类和动物，眼睛中含有很少或根本没有锥，所以他们不能看到颜色。据我们所知，蝙蝠和猫头鹰的猫头鹰根本看不见颜色。他们只能看到光和暗的形状。同样，猫和狗也不能看到颜色和我们所能看到的一样，昆虫就可以看到我们看不见的紫外线，有的甚至可以看到X射线。一个蛾的翅膀看起来像灰色和呆滞的我们，但对昆虫，他们可能会出现美丽，显示出我们看不到的颜色。科学家们知道我们周围有其他的颜色可以看到，但是我们看不到。一些昆虫有最喜欢的颜色。蚊子喜欢蓝色，但不喜欢黄色。一个红色的光不会吸引昆虫，但一个蓝色的灯。
UNIT6 PASSAGE1
Oil is so important that it is sometimes called \"black gold\". Almost half of our energy comes from oil. We use it to run our cars and factories and to heat our homes, offices and schools. Many everyday things are made from oil. Your shirt may have oil in the material. The soap you wash your hands with might also be made from oil. Your favorite plastic toy is made from oil. Oil is hard to find, because it is trapped deep under the earth. Once people knew there was oil in some place when it leaked out of the ground. Today,
however, we have many ways of finding oil. One tool measures the pull of gravity. Places where gravity is weaker are more likely to have oil. Another tool is sound waves. Sound waves travel through different kinds of rocks at different speeds. We can use them to find the rocks that have oil in them. We need a lot of oil, and we are using up the oil wells we know about. Soon we must find new ways of looking for this \"black gold\".
翻译：石油是如此重要，它有时被称为“黑色黄金”。我们几乎有一半的能源来自石油。我们用它来运行我们的汽车和工厂，并加热我们的家，办公室和学校。许多日常用品都是由石油制成的。你的衬衫可能有油的材料。你手上的肥皂也可能是用石油制成的。你最喜欢的塑料玩具是由石油制成的。石油很难找到，因为它被困在地下深处。有一次，当人们知道在某个地方有油的时候，它就从地里漏出来了。然而，今天，我们有很多方法寻找石油。一个工具测量重力的拉力。重力较弱的地方更可能有油。另一种工具是声波。声波以不同的速度行驶在不同的岩石上。我们可以用它们来发现有石油的岩石。我们需要大量的石油，我们正在用我们所知道的威尔斯的石油。很快我们必须找到新的方法来寻找这个“黑色黄金”。
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PASSAGE2
As long as the sun shines, the earth will not run out of energy. The sun pours more energy on earth than we can ever use. Most of that energy comes to us as heat and light. Energy from the sun is called solar energy.Anything to do with the sun is called \"solar\". The word began with the Romanword for the sun and their god of the sun, who was called Sol. Solar energy is a safe kind of energy. It doesn't make pollution or have dangerous leftovers. That is why scientists and investors are experimenting with ways of harnessing the sun to do some of the jobs fossil fuels have been doing.
But to make the sun do work like that, they have to solve some problems. They have to collect the sun's energy. Collecting sunshine is not easy, unless you are a plant. Sunshine is not easy to store, either. You can't fill a tank with it or put it in the wood box. You can not move it through a pipe or a wire. You can not just turn it on. 翻译：只要阳光普照，地球就不会耗尽能量。阳光倾泻
地球上的能量比我们能用的更多。大部分的能量都来源于我们的热量 和光。来自太阳的能量叫做太阳能。
和太阳一起做的任何事都被称为“太阳”。这个词开始与罗马人 太阳的太阳和太阳的太阳，他们被称为太阳的神。太阳能是安全的 能量的种类。它不污染或有危险的剩余。这就是为什么 科学家和投资者正在试验利用太阳的方法来做一些 化石燃料的工作正在进行中。
但要让太阳这样做的工作，他们必须解决一些问题。他们
必须收集太阳的能量。收集阳光并不容易，除非你是一个工厂。 阳光不容易储存，无论是。你不能用它填满它，或者把它放在木头里 盒子。你不能把它通过管道或电线。你不能只把它打开。
PASSAGE3
When you are in England, you must be very careful in the streets because the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street, you must look to the right first and then left. If the traffic lights are red the traffic must stop. Then the people on foot can cross the road carefully! If the traffic lights are green, the traffic can go. People on foot mustn’t cross. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from work, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most dangerous then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, too. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. Have a look first or you will go the wrong way. In many English cities, there are big buses with two floors. You can see the cities very well. It is very interesting.
翻译：当你在英国的时候，你必须非常小心地在街上，因为在左边的交通驱动器。在你过马路之前，你必须先看看右边，然后离开。如果交通灯是红色的交通必须停止。然后步行者可以小心地穿过马路！如果交通灯是绿色的，交通可以去。徒步的人不能穿过。在早上和晚上当人们去或来自工作，街道非常繁忙。交通是最危险的。当你去英国的公共汽车时，你必须小心。永远记住在左边的交通。所以你一定要小心。先看一看，否则你会走错方向。在许多英国城市，有2层的大公共汽车。你可以看到城市很好。这很有趣。
PASSAGE4
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If you like looking at more places or people, travel by bus. Buses don’t go very fast in the centre of London. In general, London buses are red and double-deckers. They have a driver and a conductor. When you have got on the bus, the conductor says, “Tickets, please!” You say where you want to go; he tells you how much to pay; you pay him and he gives you a ticket. A lot of London bus drivers and conductors come from the West Indies. There are other sorts of buses in London, too. The red single-decker buses have a driver but no conductor. You pay the same price for a short journey as for a long journey. The green buses are called the Green Line. These busses cross London, but they don’t stop very often. They are mainly for people who live a little way out of London and who travel in and out.
翻译：如果你喜欢看更多的地方或人，乘公共汽车旅行。在伦敦市中心公共汽车不走得很快。总的来说，伦敦的公共汽车是红色双层巴士。他们有一个司机和一个售票员。当你上了公共汽车，售票员说：“车票，请！你说你想去哪里，他告诉你要付多少钱，你给他钱，他给你一张票。许多伦敦的公共汽车司机和售票员来自西印度。伦敦还有其他种类的公共汽车。红色的单层巴士有一个司机但没有售票员。你付出同样的代价，为一段漫长的旅程。绿色的公共汽车被称为绿色线。这些公共汽车穿过伦敦，但他们不停的常。他们主要是为那些生活在伦敦的人，他们的旅行和外出的人。
PASSAGE5
The automobile has many advantages. Above all, it offers people freedom to go wherever and whenever they want to go. The basic purpose of a motor vehicle is to get from point A to point B as cheaply, quickly, and safely as possible. However, to most people, cars are also personal machines that serve as symbols of power, success, speed, excitement, and adventure.
In addition, much of the world's economy is built on producing motor vehicles and supplying roads, services, and repairs for those vehicles. Half of the world's expenses are auto related. In the United States, one of every six dollars spent and one of every six non-farm jobs are connected to the automobile or related industries, such as oil, steel, rubber, plastics, automobile services, and highway construction. In spite of their
advantages, motor vehicles have many harmful effects on human lives and on air, water, land, and wildlife resources. The automobile may be the most destructive machine ever invented. Though we tend to deny it, riding in cars is one of the most dangerous things we do in our daily lives. Since 1885, when Karl Benz built the first automobile, almost 18 million people have been killed by motor vehicles. Every year, cars and trucks worldwide kill an average of 250,000 people---as many as were killed in the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki---and injure or permanently disable ten million more. Half of the world's people will be involved in an auto accident at some time during their lives. Since the automobile was introduced, almost three million Americans have been killed on the highways---about twice the number of Americans killed on the battlefield in all U.S. wars. In addition to the tragic loss of life, these accidents cost American society about $60 billion annually in lost income and in insurance, administrative, and legal expenses. Streets that used to be for people are now for cars. Pedestrians and people riding bicycles in the streets are subjected to noise, pollution, stress, and danger. Motor vehicles are the largest source of
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air pollution, producing a haze of smog over the world's cities. In the United States, they produce at least 50% of the country's air pollution.
翻译：汽车有很多优点。首先，它为人们提供了自由，无论何时何地，他们想去的地方。汽车的基本目的是从一个角度，以低成本、快速、安全的角度去获取一个目标。然而，对大多数人来说，汽车也是个人的机器，作为权力的象征，成功，速度，兴奋和冒险。
此外，世界上大部分的经济体是建立在生产汽车和供应道路，服务和维修这些车辆的。世界上一半的费用都是自动的。在美国，每六美元的花费之一，每六个非农就业岗位之一都连接到汽车或相关行业，如石油、钢铁、橡胶、塑料、汽车服务、公路建设等。尽管汽车有许多优点，但汽车对人类生活和空气、水、土地和野生动植物资源都有许多有害的影响。汽车可能是最具破坏力的机器发明了。尽管我们倾向于否认它，但在我们日常生活中，乘汽车是我们日常生活中最危险的事情之一。自1885日，当卡尔奔驰建成第一辆汽车时，近1800万人已被机动车打死。每年，全世界的汽车和卡车平均杀死250000人，在长崎和广岛的原子弹袭击事件中，有多达人被杀害，而受伤或永久禁用一千万。世界上一半的人将在一段时间内发生汽车事故，在他们的生活中。自从汽车引进以来，大约有三百万美国人在公路上丧生，大约两次在美国战争中丧生的美国人的数量。除了生命的悲剧性损失外，这些事故每年损失了美国社会约600亿美元的收入损失，并在保险、行政和法律费用。过去人们都是汽车的街道。街道上的行人和骑自行车的人受到噪音、污染、压力和危险。机动车是最大的空气污染源，在世界城市上空产生了烟雾的烟雾。在美国，他们至少生产了50%的空气污染。
UNIT7 PASSAGE1
In learning a foreign language, one should first pay attention to speaking. It is the
groundwork of reading and writing. You’d better try your best to speak. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. While you are doing this, a good exercise is to write --- keep a diary, write notes or letters and so on. Many mistakes in your speaking will be easily found when you write. Through correcting the mistakes, you can do better in learning a language. If you are slow in speaking, don’t worry. One of the helpful ways is to improve your English by reading, either aloud or low to yourself. The important thing is to choose something interesting to read. It mustn’t be too difficult for you. When you are reading in this way, don’t stop to look up the words if you can guess their meanings or if they are not important to the sentence. You can do that some other time.
翻译：在学习外语时，首先要注意说话。它是阅读和写作的基础。你最好尽量说。不要害怕犯错误。当你在做这件事的时候，一个好的练习就是写日记，写日记，写笔记，等等。在你的演讲中有很多错误很容易被发现。通过纠正错误，你可以在学习语言上做得更好。如果你说话慢，不要担心。其中一个有用的方法是通过阅读来提高你的英语水平，无论是对自己还是对自己都要低。重要的是选择一些有趣的东西来阅读。这对你来说不太难。当你读到这样的时候，不要停下来查一下这句话，如果你能猜出他们的意思，或者他们不重要。你可以做一些其他时间
PASSAGE2
The ideal teacher may be young or old, tall or short, fat or thin. He should know his
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subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. The ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He must never teach anything he himself is not interested in. He should be a bit of an actor and he should not be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. He must like his students and respect them, but he must also respect himself and take pride in his work. Otherwise, he cannot respect his students and win respect from them. The ideal teacher should have an understanding of his students and be able to relate to them. He needs students’
understanding, too. The ideal teacher should be kind, encouraging, and helpful and he should motivate his students to seek knowledge. The ideal teacher should see his students as individuals and acknowledge their differences. He must know how to encourage the self-development and growth of each of his students. The ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students. So what about the teachers around you?
翻译：理想的老师可能是年轻或年老，高或短，脂肪或薄。他应该知道他的主题，但如果他愿意学习的话，他会犯错误的。他的人格和他的学识一样重要。理想的老师一定是热情的。他绝不能教任何他自己不感兴趣的东西。他应该是一个演员，他不应该害怕表达自己的感情，表达自己的喜好和厌恶。他必须喜欢他的学生和尊重他们，但他也必须尊重自己，并为他的工作感到自豪。否则，他不能尊重他的学生，赢得尊重。理想的教师应该对他的学生有一个了解，并能与他们相处。他也需要学生的理解。理想的教师应该是善良、鼓励、乐于助人，他应该激励学生求知。理想的教师应该把自己的学生当个人，承认他们的差异。他必须知道如何鼓励学生的自我发展和成长。理想的老师是一个成长、学习和提高自己和学生相处的人。那你周围的老师呢？
PASSAGE3
Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is for life. In some modern countries, it has been fashionable to think that by free education for all --- whether rich or poor, clever or stupid one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees refuse to do what they think \"low\" work. In fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We can live without education, but we would die if we had no food. If no one cleaned our streets and moved the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns. In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability and, secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that it is very bad to be ashamed of one’s work. Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.
翻译：教育不是一个结束，而是一种手段，一个结束。换句话说，我们不教育孩子只是为了教育他们。我们的目的是为了生活。在一些现代国家，自由的教育是一种时尚，无论是富人还是穷人，聪明还是愚蠢，都能解决社会的所有问题，建设一个
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完美的国家。但我们可以看到，所有的自由教育是不够的，我们发现在这样的国家有更多的大学学位的人拒绝做他们认为“低”的工作。事实上，在这样的国家，用手工作是肮脏和可耻的。但我们只要想一想就会明白，一个完全没有受过教育的农民的工作比教授更重要。没有教育我们可以生存，但如果我们没有食物，我们就会死。如果没有人清扫街道，把垃圾从我们的房子里移走，我们就应该在我们的城镇中得到可怕的疾病。事实上，当我们说所有的人都必须接受教育以适应生活，这意味着我们必须以这样的方式接受教育，首先，我们每个人都可以做任何适合他的大脑和能力的工作，其次，我们可以意识到所有的工作都是必要的社会，这是非常不好的工作，为自己的工作感到羞愧。只有这样一种教育才能被认为对社会有价值。
PASSAGE4
The aim of students who come to school is to study. But to study requires a right way, or you waste either the time or the money. The following are the ways of studying. The best time for reading is morning, because in the morning, the air is fresh and the mind is clear. For that reason, we can get good result. In studying we must have patience. If we have not known a text well, we must read it again. We should not read the next one till we have learned the first one. When we are studying, we must put our hearts into the book, or we can get nothing from the book while we are reading. We must always ask “why”. If it is not well understood, write it down and ask our teachers or our parents, or friends. In any possible way, we must know it completely and what we’ve learned can be used well and made better. Though there are many ways for studying, yet the above mentioned will be quite enough if we can keep them in heart and do so.
翻译：来学校的学生的目标是学习。但要学习需要一个正确的方法，否则你浪费时间或金钱。以下是学习的方法。读书的最佳时间是早晨，因为在早晨，空气清新，头脑清楚。因为这个原因，我们可以得到好的结果。在学习中我们必须有耐心。如果我们不知道一个文本，我们必须再次阅读它。我们不应该读下一个，直到我们已经学会了第一个。当我们在学习的时候，我们必须把我们的心放进这本书，或者我们在阅读时，我们不能从书中得到任何东西。我们必须经常问“为什么”。如果没有得到很好的理解，就把它写下来，向老师或我们的父母，或朋友。在任何可能的方式，我们必须知道它完全和我们所学到的，可以使用以及更好的。虽然有很多学习的方法，但上面提到的将是相当足够的，如果我们能够保持他们的心和这样做。
PASSAGE5
Time spent in a bookshop can be most pleasant, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. You soon focus on some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent too much time there and must hurry off to keep some forgotten appointment. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is the
main attraction of a bookshop. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can range round such places to your heart's content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the greeting, “Can I help you?” You needn't buy anything you don't want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished reading. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Once, a medical student had to read a
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textbook which was far too expensive for him to buy. He couldn't obtain it from the
library and the only copy he could find was in a bookshop. Every afternoon, therefore, he would go to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One day, however, he was disappointed to find the book missing from its usual place. He was about to leave, when he noticed the owner of the shop making a gesture to him with his hand. Expecting to be scolded, he went towards him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book which was put away in a corner. “I put it there in case anyone had a desire to buy it!” he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.
翻译：在书店度过的时间可以是最令人愉快的，无论你是一个书的情人，或只是有买书作为一个礼物。你甚至可能已经进入商店只是为了寻找一个突然的淋浴房。不管是什么原因，你很快就完全不知道你周围的环境。你很快就把重点放在了一些书上，通常只有在你意识到你花了太多的时间在那里，并且必须匆忙地去完成一些被遗忘的约会。这个机会逃避现实的日常生活是一个书店的主要吸引力。一家音乐店很像一家书店。你可以在这样的地方，你的心的内容。如果它是一个好的商店，没有助理会向你问候，“我能帮助你吗？“你不需要买任何你不想要的东西。在书店的助理应该留在背景，直到你完成了阅读。然后，只有这样，他的服务是必要的。有一次，一个医科学生必须读一本书，这本书太贵了，他买不到。他无法从图书馆获得它，他能找到的唯一副本是在一家书店里。每天下午，他都会去购物，并在一段时间内读一本书。然而，有一天，他很失望地发现这本书中缺少的地方。他正要离开，当他注意到店主向他手上做手势时。他期待着被骂，他走向他。令他惊讶的是，店主指的是那本放在角落里的书。“我把它放在那里，有人想买它！“他说，并留下了高兴的学生继续他的阅读。
UNIT8 PASSAGE1
Differences in American schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the fact that education here has long been intended for everyone, not just for privileged elite. Schools are expected to meet the needs of every child, regardless of ability, and also the needs of society itself. This means that public schools offer more than academic subjects. It surprises many people when they come here to find high schools offering such courses as typing, sewing, repair of radio, computer programming or driver training, along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics, history, and
languages. Students choose their curricula depending on their interests, future goals, and level of ability. The underlying goal of American education is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her own possibilities, and to give each one a sense of civic and
community consciousness. Schools have traditionally played an important role in creating national unity and “Americanizing” the millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins. Schools still play a large role in the community, especially in the small towns.The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many, not only because it is informal, but also because there is not much emphasis on learning facts. Instead, Americans try to teach their children to think for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities. Students spend much time learning how to use resource materials, libraries, statistics and computers.
Americans believe that if children are taught to reason well and to research well, they will
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be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of facts.
翻译：美国学校的差异与大多数其他国家的学校相比，这是一个事实，即教育长期以来一直都是为了每个人，而不仅仅是为了特权阶层。学校要满足每一个孩子的需要，无论能力，还是社会的需要。这意味着公立学校提供的不仅仅是学术科目。当他们来到这里的时候，发现许多人都会感到惊讶，因为他们提供这样的课程：打字、缝纫、修理收音机、电脑编程或驾驶训练，以及数学、历史和语言等传统学科。学生根据自己的兴趣、未来的目标和能力的水平选择他们的课程。美国教育的根本目标是发展每一个孩子，以最大限度地发挥自己的可能性，并给每个公民和社会意识一一种意识。学校都扮演着重要的角色在创造民族团结和“美国化”的人纷纷涌入这个国家从不同的背景和起源的数百万移民。学校在社会中仍然发挥着很大的作用，尤其是在小城镇，教学方法似乎不太熟悉，这不仅是因为它是非正式的，而且也因为没有太多重视学习事实。相反，美国人试图教他们的孩子自己思考，培养他们自己的知识和创造力。学生花很多时间学习如何使用资源材料，图书馆，统计和计算机。美国人认为，如果孩子们被教导要理性地去做，他们就能在他们的生活中找到自己需要的任何事实。了解如何解决问题被认为比事实的积累更重要。
PASSAGE2
The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many, not only because it is informal, but also because there is not much emphasis on learning facts. Instead,
Americans try to teach their children to think for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities. Students spend much time learning how to use resource materials, libraries, statistics and computers. Americans believe that if children are taught to reason well and to research well, they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of facts. age of 6 to 16. The first level is early childhood education. Its main purpose is to prepare children for school. The second level is elementary education. Education at this level is divided into six or eight grades, and children learn reading, arithmetic, writing, social studies and science. They also have art, music and physical education. The third level is secondary education. It is for junior and senior high school students. Some students take courses to prepare themselves for college. Other students take technical or vocational courses that prepare them for jobs after they graduate from high school. Higher education continues after high school. There are many kinds of institutions of higher education. Technical institutes offer two-year programs in electronics, engineering, business and other subjects. After two years at a junior college, students receive an associate degree and then they can continue at a four-year college. 翻译：教学方法似乎不熟悉很多，不仅是因为它是非正式的，而且也因为没有太多重视学习的事实。相反，美国人试图教他们的孩子自己思考，培养他们自己的知识和创造力。学生花很多时间学习如何使用资源材料，图书馆，统计和计算机。美国人认为，如果孩子们被教导要理性地去做，他们就能在他们的生活中找到自己需要的任何事实。了解如何解决问题被认为比事实的积累更重要。6岁至16岁。第一层次是幼儿教育。其主要目的是为孩子们准备上学的孩子。二是基础教育。在这个层次的教育分为六个或八个年级，孩子们学习阅读、算术、写作、社会学和科学。他们也有艺术、音乐和体育教育。第三层次是中学教育。它是为初中和高中生。一些
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学生选修课程为大学做准备。其他学生参加的技术或职业课程，准备工作后，他们从高中毕业。高中后继续高等教育。高等教育有许多种。技术学院在电子、工程、商业等学科中提供两年的项目。两年后，在一所专科学校，学生得到一个副学士学位，然后他们可以继续在一个四年的大学。
PASSAGE3
In the United States, teaching is very important. If teachers do not teach well,
students complain. If many students do not understand, people think that the teacher does not do a good job. The teacher has big responsibility to make sure students understand. In a sense, students are consumers and the teacher is offering services. Students have the right to judge their teachers, and they usually do so at the end of each course. That evaluation includes lots of aspects of teaching, such as explanation, preparation, using good examples, answering questions, and organization of classes. Students are supposed to read required textbooks and recommended books before class. Without reading them, they will find it very difficult to understand the class. Basic courses on doing research and writing papers are taught at the beginning of the program. They teach things very concretely and clearly. Students are expected to apply what they have learned to their studies. Classes are usually divided into lectures and group discussions. There are some lecture classes, where the teacher just gives a lecture, and students ask questions at the end. Most graduate level classes are lectures and discussions. Taking part in discussions is very important. Higher level classes involve very little lecturing. They emphasize discussion and presentation by the students.
翻译：在美国，教学是非常重要的。如果教师不教好，学生抱怨。如果许多学生不理解，人们认为，教师不做一个好工作。老师有很大的责任，确保学生理解。从一个意义上讲，学生是消费者，老师是提供服务的。学生有权利来判断他们的老师，他们通常这样做，在每一个课程结束。这种评价包括教学的许多方面，如解释，准备，使用好的例子，回答问题，和组织的课程。学生应该在课前阅读所需的课本和推荐书。没有阅读，他们会发现很难理解这个班。做研究和写作的基本课程是在课程开始时进行的。他们很具体地教事情。学生被期望将他们所学到的知识运用到学习中去。类通常分为讲座和小组讨论。有一些课堂，老师只是给一个讲座，学生问问题的最后。大多数研究生水平课程是讲座和讨论。参加讨论很重要。高级课程涉及很少的讲座。他们强调学生的讨论和演示。
PASSAGE4
Down the entrance hall of the school walk four eighth-grade students. Each one is carrying a small basket with a single egg inside. Soon more students join them, and each one of them is also carrying a basket with an egg. The eggs in a basket are part of a new school program that helps young people understand that having a baby is a great duty. At the beginning of the program, the teacher puts the students in pairs：one girl and one boy. Each pair gets an egg, which they must take care of for two weeks. For those fourteen days, the students have to take care of the eggs as though they were real babies. Students whose eggs get broken have to start the two weeks all over again with a new egg. One person in each pair must have the egg with him or her at all times 24 hours a day. At no time can they let the egg be out of sight. \"If a teacher catches you without your egg,\" said
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one student, \"she makes you go get it. They are really strict.\" The teachers also make the students spend half an hour each day sitting with the egg and just watching it. That can get pretty boring. But it's also something that parents spend a lot of time doing.Children say that the program has helped them understand the duties involved in having a child. \"It was really hard,\" said one student, \"You had to think all the time about the egg.\"
翻译：在学校的入口大厅走八分之四年级学生。每个人都带着一个小篮子，里面有一个鸡蛋。很快，更多的学生加入其中，每一个也都带着一个篮子。篮子里的鸡蛋是一个新的学校计划的一部分，有助于年轻人理解，有一个孩子是一个伟大的使命。在节目开始时，老师对学生们说：一个女孩和一个男孩。每一对都有一个蛋，他们必须照顾2个星期。这十四天，学生们要照顾的鸡蛋，因为他们是真正的婴儿。那些鸡蛋被打破的学生，要用一个新的鸡蛋重新开始这2周的时间。一个人在每一对必须有鸡蛋与他或她在任何时候24个小时的一天。在任何时候，他们都不能让鸡蛋被看不见。”一个学生说：“如果一个老师抓住你的话，她会让你去的。他们真的很严格，“老师也让学生每天花上半个小时坐在鸡蛋上，然后观察它。那会很无聊。但这也是家长们花了很多时间做的事情，孩子们说，这个计划帮助他们了解了孩子的职责。”“真的很难，”一个学生说，“你必须一直认为鸡蛋。”
PASSAGE5
In the United States 84 colleges now accept just women. Most of them were
established in the 19th century; they were designed to offer women the education they could not receive anywhere else. At that time major universities and colleges accepted only men. In the past 20 years many young women have chosen to study at colleges that accept both men and women. As a result some women's colleges decided to accept men students too. Others, however, refused to change. Now these schools are popular again.
The president of Trinity College in Washington D.C. said that by the end of the 1980s women began to recognize that studying at the same school with men did not mean women were having an equal chance to learn. The president of Smith College in
Massachusetts says a women's college permits women to choose classes and activities freely. For example, she says that in a women's college a higher percentage of students studies mathematics than in a college with both men and women. Educational experts say men students in the United States usually speak in class more than women students do. In a women's college, women feel freer to say what they think. Women's schools also bring out leadership capabilities in many women. Women are represented everywhere. For
example, at a women's college every governing office is held by a woman. Recent studies reportedly show that this leadership continues after college. The studies show American women who went to women's colleges are more likely to hold successful jobs later in life. 翻译：在美国84所大学现在只接受女性。他们中的大多数是在第十九世纪建立的，他们的目的是提供妇女的教育，他们不能得到任何地方。当时主要的大学和学院只接受男性。在过去的20年里，许多年轻女性都选择在接受男性和女性的大学读书。结果，一些妇女的大学也决定接受男性的学生。然而，其他人拒绝改变。现在这些学校很受欢迎。
在华盛顿的“三位一体学院”校长说，在20世纪80年代末，妇女开始认识到在同一所学校学习的人并不意味着妇女有平等的机会学习。在马萨诸塞州的史密斯学院院长说，女子学院允许妇女自由选择课程和活动。例如，她说，在一个妇女的大学
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比在一所学院的学生与男性和女性的高比例的学生。教育专家说，美国的男性学生通常在课堂上讲的是女生做的更多的课。在一个女人的大学里，女人们觉得自己更自由地说出他们的想法。女子学校也在许多妇女中发挥领导能力。妇女代表无处不在。例如，在一所女子学院，每一个执政的办公室都由一位妇女担任。据报道，最近的研究表明，这种领导在大学后继续进行。这些研究表明，在生活中，美国妇女对女性的大学更有可能在以后的生活中获得成功的工作。
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