词汇学复习

第二部分 非选择题

Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）

16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and _______.

17. The language used in England between 450 and 1150 is called _____________. 18. CCELD is a __________ dictionary.

19 .In the phrase \"the mouth of the river\ 20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________ context.

Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)types of meaning changes; 2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）

A B

21.Scandinavian（ ） A. mill（place where things are made） 22.Germanic（ ） B .grammatical 23.extension（ ） C. double meaning 24.narrowing（ ） D .Swedish

25.linguistic（ ） E .comprehend/understand 26.ambiguity（ ） F. Dutch

27.participants（ ） G. degermined 28.difference in denotation（ ） H. pigheaded 29.appreciative（ ） I. non-linguistic

30.pejorative（ ） J. iron（a device for smoothing clothes） Ⅳ.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%） 31.predict（ ） 32.motel（ ） 33.potatoes（ ） 34.blueprint（ ） 35.preliminaries（ ） 36.Southward（ ） 37.demilitarize（ ） 38.hypersensityve（ ） 39.retell（ ）

40.multi-purposes（ ） Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%） 41.acronymy 42.native words 43.elevation

44.stylistic meaning

45.monolingral dictionary

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Ⅵ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）

46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.

47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points. 48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context? Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）

49.Analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly

50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of

using this form.\"Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time,\"

he said.

复习一答案

Ⅱ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic Ⅲ.(10%)

21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ.(10%)

31.bound root 32.（head+tail）blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix Ⅴ.(10%)

41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.

42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.

43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.

44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.

45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language. Ⅵ.(12%)

46.There are four types of motivation:

1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.

3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.

47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.

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48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.(18%) 49.

1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection（re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）.

2）Of the nine morphemes, only \"collecthey can exist by themselves. 3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50.

1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）

2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分） 3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分） 4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分） 5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1

英语词汇学复习试题二

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (15 % )

31. A world is a-------form of a language that has a given sound and syntactic function.

32. In the Middle English period, the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of----------

Words into English.

33. The basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity is a called a -----------.

34. The method of creation words by removing the supposed suffixes is called-------------.

35. Words such as ― vicious, tyrant, determined, famous, notorious‖ usually indicate the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. They have---------- meaning in themselves.

36. A word which is related to other words is related to them in----------.

37. Car which used to be a ― two- wheel cart drawn by horses and used in------------- ― has taken on the meaning ― automobile‖ with the development of modern car industry.

38. In the sentence ― Copernicus believed in a heliocentric universe, rather than in the geocentric theory. ― , the word ― heliocentric ― is explained by the clue of ------------ structure.

39. Due to structural ---------- of idioms, the word order of the idiom ― by twos and threes‖ cannot be turned into ― by threes and twos‖.

40. Against the traditional practice of lexicography, --------- creates an extra column arranged alongside the definitions. III. Define the following terms. (15%)

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41. archaisms

42. stem

43. grammatical meaning

44.amelioration

45. rhetoric characteristics of idioms

IV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )

46. What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?

47. What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain them with examples.

48. The word ― happy‖ has two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being negative and the other opposite. What are they?

49. Can you determine the meanings of the following sentences? Explain and make some alterations in the context so as to pin down the meaning. (a) The fish is ready to eat. (b) I like Mary better than Jean.

V. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )

50. Comment on the following groups of words to illustrate semantic features and grammatical features of compounds. Group 1 : ‖ a green hand‖, ― flowerpot‖

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Group 2: ― bad- mouth‖, ― new- borns‖

51. Analyze and comment on the following sentences based on the concept that antonyms differ in semantic inclusion. [ A ] How tall is his sister? [ B ] How short is his sister?

英语词汇学复习试题二答案

二 31 minimal free 32 French 33 root 34 back- formation 35 affective

36 sense 37 war 38 word 39 stability 40 CCELD

三 41 Archaisms are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.

42 A stem can be defined as a from to which affixes of any kind can be added.

43 Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms.

44 Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.

45 Apart from the stylistic features, idioms manifest apparent rhetorical colouring in such respects as of phonetic manipulation, lexical manipulation and figures of speech. 四

46 The three periods of the development of English are 1) Old English, which is the language used between 450and 1150 and which has a vocabulary of 50000-60000 words; 2) Middle English, which refers to the language spoken from 1150-1500;3) Modern English, which is divided by early modern English(1500-1700) and late modern English (1700 up to now).

47 When adjectives are concerted into the nouns, some are completely changed, thus known as full conversion, and other are partially changed, thus known as partial conversion. Adjective which are fully converted can achieve a full noun status, e.g. , having all the characteristics of nouns,, that is , they can take‖ a/an‖ or ―-s/-es‖ to indicate singular or plural forms: a native, a Republican, a pair of shoes, finals. Adjectives which are partially converted can still keep adjective features. They should always be used with‖ the‖, and they cannot take‖-s/-es‖ to show plural forms. Moreover, the words can have comparative or superlative degrees: the poorer, the poorer, the young, the very unfortunate.

48 Of the two antonyms of the word ― happy‖, the negative one is ― unhappy‖, the

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opposite one is ― sad‖.

49 Yes. On a grammatical basis, both sentence can have two interpretations. The first sentence may mean ― The fish is cooked or served, so ready for people to eat‖ or ―The fish is ready to eat things‖. However, in the context of‖ What a nice smell! The fish is ready to eat ―,‖fish‖ definitely means the former. To achieve clarity, we can say ― The fish is ready to be eaten‖. The second sentence can be regarded as an elliptical one, which gives rise to ambiguity:‖ I like Marry better than I like Jean‖ or ―I like Mary better than Jean like Mary‖. To achieve clarity , we can either say ― I like Mary better than Jean dose‖ or ― I like Mary better than I do Jean‖ or ― I like Mary better as Jean is untidy‖, etc. 五

Compounds are different from free phrases in semantic unity. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. For instance,‖ a green hand‖ is an‖ inexperienced person‖, not a hand that is green in colour. The meaning of such example cannot be easily inferred from the two components of the compound. Nevertheless, a lot of compounds are transparent, that is, the meaning can inferred from the separate elements of compound. The compound ‖ flowerpot‖ can be an example. But the two elements are inseparable and the change of element will result in the loss of original identity.

A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence, for example, a verb, a noun, or an adjective. ― Bad-mouth‖ used as a verb can take the third person singular‖-s‖ and the past tense marker‖-ed‖, e.g., ―He bad-mouthed me.‖ Compounds can show their plural forms by taking inflectional‖-s‖ at the end,e.g., ― new-borns‖. Of course, there are exceptions such as brothers-in-law, lookers-on. In spite of this their single grammatical role is apparent.

51 Pairs of antonyms are seen as marked and unmarked terms respectively. In many pairs, we find that one member is more specific than the other and the meaning of the specific is included in that of the general. So far as the meaning is concerned, sentence A includes the meaning of B. The use of ― tall‖ does not exclude the possibility of ― his sister being very short‖. But sentence B is much more restricted in sense and is considered semantically abnormal unless the speaker is particularly interested in how short his sister is.

英语词汇学复习试题三

Ⅱ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)

16. The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is___________.

17. Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English is a___________ dictionary.

18. When a new word appears for the first time, the author usually manages to give

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hints or ___________ in the context to help the readers.

19. Radiation and ___________ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy.

20. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to___________. Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) word origin, 2) word formation, and 3) types of synonyms or antonyms. (10%)

A B ( ) 21. skill A. back-formation ( ) 22. babysit B. blending ( ) 23. telequiz C. French origin

( ) 24. composition/compounding D. Scandinavian origin

( ) 25. government E. clipping ( ) 26. same/ different F. relative synonyms ( ) 27. gent G. Germanic ( ) 28. English H. absolute synonyms ( ) 29. change/ alter I. Contradictory terms ( ) 30. big/ small J. contrary terms Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of meanings, 3) processes of meaning development, and 4) formation of compounds. (10%)

31. neck→primary meaning: that part of man joining the head to the body;

a secondary meaning: the narrowest part of anything. ( ) 32. contradict ( ) 33. mother: love, care ( ) 34. upcoming ( ) 35. window shopping ( ) 36. radios ( ) 37. property developer 38. candidate→earlier meaning: white-robed;

later meaning: a person proposed for a place, award etc. ( )

overcoat39. handsometypewriter

man( )

( )

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40. northward ( )

Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%) 41. encyclopedia 42. borrowed words 43. blending 44. extension 45. phrasal verb Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)

46. What is the difference between prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples.

47. What is extra-linguistic context?

48. What is polysemy? Illustrate your points. Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)

49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you to work out the meaning.

Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in the street and ate it.

50. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.

词汇学复习试题三答案

II Complete the following statements with proper words Or expressions according to the course book．

16．extension 或generalization 17．specialized 18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500

III.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according tO 1)

word origin，2)word formation，and 3)types of synonyms or antonyms．

21．D 22．A23．B 24．H25．C 26．I27．E 28．G29．F 30．J IV．Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes

underlined，2)types of meanings，3)processes of meaning development，and 4)formation of compounds．

31．radiation 32．bound root

33．connotative meaning 34．adv+v-ing

35．n+v-ing 36．inflectional affix／inflectional morpheme 37．n+v-er 3.concatenation

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39．collocative meaning 40．suffix／derivational affix V．Definethefollowingterms．

41．An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword；it is not

concerned with the language per se.

42．Borrowed words,also，known，as loan words，are words taken over from foreign languages．

43．It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word with a part of another word．

44．Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now

become generalized．

45.idiom composed of a verb plus a preposition and／or a particle．

VI.Answer the following questions．Your answers should be clear and short．Write your

answers in the space given below．

46．Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem；it only modifies its meaning. e.g．treat--maltreat

Suffixation，On，the other hand，changes the word-class instead of its meaning.e.g．employ—— employer

47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation． (2)components

a.participants(addresser and addressee) writer and reader

speaker and listener／hearer b.time and place

c.cultural background

48.要点：1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages． 2)have more than one sense．

3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with from two angles：diachronic approach and

synchronic approach．

VII．Analyze and comment on the following．Write your answers in the space given below．

49(1)tiger is a hyponym，of carnivore (2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger (3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all (4)carnivore may feed on meat

(5)therefore，a carnivore is a meat-eating animal

50.(1)connotative meaning，known as connotation，refers to the overtones or associations

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suggested by the conceptual meaning．

(2)connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary．but associated with the word in actual

context to particular readers or speakers．Thus they are unstable.varying considerably

according to culture，historical period and the experience of the individual． (3)For example，home may remind one child of warmth，safety or love，while to another child who is

often scolded or beaten at home,it may mean indifference，hatred，or even hell．

英语词汇学复习试题四

第二部分 非选择题

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）

16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning. 17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.

18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.

19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.

20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）

types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms（10％）

21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish

22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl 23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated 24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state 25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond

26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated

27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars) 28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event) 29. extension ( ) I. part of speech

30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)

IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）

31. heart and soul ( )

32. father—male parent ( ) 33. mother—female parent ( )

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34. city-bred ( )

35. lip-reading to lip-read ( ) 36. headache ( ) 37. antecedent ( ) 38. preview ( ) 39. receive ( ) 40. called ( )

V. Define the following terms（10％） 41. specialized dictionary 42. collocative meaning 43. transfer 44. morpheme 45. old English

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）

46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.

47. What is dismembering?

48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）

49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.

Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.

50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)

The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.

英语词汇学复习试题四参

第二部分 非选择题

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)

16. stylistic 17.monolingual 18.semantic opposition 19. degradation 或 pejoration 20.productivity and collocability

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)

21. I 22. C 23. F 24. B 25. E

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26. D 27. J 28. G 29. H 30. A

IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)

31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature 32. conceptual meaning

33. conceptual meaning

34. n+v-ed 35. backformation 36. n+v 37. bound root 38. prefix 39. bound root 40. inflectional affix/morpheme V. Define the following terms.(10%)

41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)

42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)

43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer. 44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language. 45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%) 46. 要点： Radiation Concatenation i) primary meaning i) first sense

ii）次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接 iii）名词语义互不依赖 iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象 47. 要点：

（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分） （2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）

（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分） 注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）

48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:

pretty handsome

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. 答案要点

1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.

2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分) 3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分) 50.要点：

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（1）it is ambiguous（2分） （2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分） （3）stop drinking can be understood as

1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分 ) 2）police stop people drinking (1分) （4）improvement（3分）

1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.

2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.

英语词汇学复习试题五

第二部分 非选择题 Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)

16._________________meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.

17.The word __________has the old meaning \"servant\" and the elevated meaning \"head of a ministry\".

18.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.

19.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.

20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words. Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%) A B

21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low 22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose 23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face

24.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success. 25.personification ( ) E. hiss

26.portus ( ) F. bear; bear 27.come ( ) G. 28.heart ( ) H. cat 29.birds ( ) I. port

30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soul Ⅳ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)

31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )

32.sitcom ( )

33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )

34.form cradle to grave ( )

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35.might and main ( ) 36.fax ( )

37.disobey,impolite, ( )

38.hussy:\"housewife\"→\"a woman of low morals\"( ) 39.disease:\"discomfort\"→\"illness\"( ) 40.fond:\"foolish\"→\"affectionate\"( ) Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%) 41.dictionary 42.pejoration

43.idioms nominal in nature 44.Germanic 45.allomorph Ⅵ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%) 46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?

47. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.

48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)

49.Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.

a. The man said he would come to our school next week.

b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.

50.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.

unbearable, international, ex-prisoner

英语词汇学复习试题五参

Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)

16. Grammatical 17. minist 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. bound Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)

21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.E Ⅳ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)

31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym

34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration 36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes 38.degradation39.narrowing 40.elevation Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)

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41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.

42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.

43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word. (2)Each functions as a noun/also knows as noun idioms.

44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc. 45.one of the variants that realize a morpheme Ⅵ.Answer the following questions.(12%)

46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.

(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal. (3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.

47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.

B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.

48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words. Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49.要点：

Superordinate Subordinate 1) man scholar 2) come visit 3) school university 4) week Monday 50.

1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er). 2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.

3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.

英语词汇学复习试题六

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III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1 ) types of meanings;2) types of motivations; 3) types of dictionaries; 4) origins of English and 5) types of sense relations. (10%)

A

B

( )21. queer, odd ( )23. miaow ( )24. CED

A. onomatopoetically motivated B. subordinate hyponymy C. specialized dictionary E. polysemy

G relative synonym I. bilingual dictionary

( )22. surplus value

D. Greek

F. semantically motivated

H. conceptual meaning

J. German

( )25. hard disk, CPU etc. — computer ( )26. technology

( )27. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs ( )28. The pen is mightier than the sword. ( )29. gay-joyous, brilliant and homosexual ( )30. home/dwelling place

IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of context; 2) types of word formation; 3) causes of meaning change; 4 ) types of bound morphemes underlined. (10%)

31. boob-head-one who returns too often to jail 32. ascendant 34. descend 35. telequiz

( ( ( ( ( (

33. look out/look out

( ( (

(

) ) ) ) ) )

) ) )

)

36. landlord (in English vs. in Chinese) 37. a coloured nail/a copper nail 38. tolerance

39. churl-bad people 40. stockholder

V. Define the following terms. (10%)

41. creation (as a mode of vocabulary development) 42. free morphemes 43. collocative meaning 44. concatenation 45. grammatical context

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write

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your answers in the space given below. (12%)

46. What is suffixation? Give an example to illustrate your point

47. What is the remarkable feature of Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English ? 48. Supply two examples to illustrate that the influx of borrowings has caused some words to

change in meaning.

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. ( 18 % )

49. Explain the meaning of the phrase ―a laconic answer‖, using the theory of motivation.

50. Study the following sentence: 1) pick out the idiom, 2) explain its origin, and 3) comment on the use.

David’s head was in the tool-box, but his voice was heard saying, ―Too many cooks, better let me.‖

词汇学复习试题六答案

Ⅱ Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)

每小题2分，答错不给分，拼写错误最多给0.5分。

16.inflectional 17.prefixes 18.sense 19.semantic 20.negative

Ⅲ Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)types of meanings; 2)types of motivations; 3)types of dictionaries; 4)origins of English and 5)types of sense relations.(10%)

21.G 22.J 23.A 24.I 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.F 29.E 30.H

Ⅳ Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of context; 2)types word formation; 3)causes of meaning change; 4)types of bound morphemes underlined.(10%)

每小题1分，答错不给分，拼写错误最多给0.5分。 31. extra-linguistic factors-- psychological reason 32. derivational affix/prefix33. extra-linguistic context 34. derivational affix/prefix35. blending

36. extra-linguistic context37. lexical context of linguistic context

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38. bound root39. extra-linguistic factors-- class reason40. compounding Ⅴ Define the following terms.(10%)

每小题2分，表达完整准确得2分；基本达意但不够完整或准确，得1分；不达意，不得分。

41．Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements.

42. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words.

43. The word-meaning which is suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.

44. A semantic process in which each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains.

45. The meaning of a word that is influenced by the structure in which it occurs. Ⅵ Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)

每小题4分，其中内容3分，语言表达分。内容要点请参阅各小题的要点评分标准，各小题语言表达错误，最多扣1分。

46. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to sterms.(1分) Suffixes generally change the word class.(1分) For example, ―economy‖ is a verb, but ―employer‖ becomes a noun when the suffix –er is added to the stem ―employ‖.(1分)

47. 1）compiled on the principle of semantic field;(1分)

2）some 15,000 items classified into fourteen semantic fields of a practical

everyday nature;(1分) 3）subfields also included;(0.5分)

4）semantically related words defining one another(0.5分) 48. pig/pork, sheep/mutton(1分)

In old English, animals and their meat shared the same name. with the Norman Conquest and borrowing of corresponding French words, the English words were kept only for live animals and the French words for the animals killed and brought to the table.(2分)

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Ⅶ Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)

每小题9分，其中内容8分，语言表达1分。内容要点请参阅各小题的要点评分标准，各小题语言表达错误，最多扣1分。

49. Laconic is derived from Lacons (1分), a tribe of people who were known for their ―brevity of speech‖ (2分) and for their habit of never using more words than necessary. (2分) So laconic means ―brief or short‖ (1分)， which is etymologically motivated.(1分) ―A laconic answer‖ thus is ―a short answer‖. (1分) 50. 要点及评分标准：

1） ―too many cooks‖, from ―Too many cooks spoil the broth‖. (3分)

2） In the situation of disorder or chaos, when everyone tries to direct, the speaker

manages to control the situation. (2分)

3） The use of the short form indicate the informal situation. (2分)

4） This sentence implies the speaker and listeners are working or colleagues.

习语总汇：

1.A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔。；户枢不蠹，流水不腐。；转业不聚财。

2.It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back. 3.Kill the goose that laid the golden egg.

4.Velvet paws hide sharp claws.虚假的温柔;笑里藏刀，口蜜腹剑 5The pot calls the kettle black.责人严而律己宽 6. The leopard never changes his spots.本性难移 7. a square peg in a round hole

8. Jack of all trades and master of none. 9. It’s an ill wind that blows nobody good. 10.Needs must when the devil drives. 11. Art is long, life is short. 12. All is not gold that glitters.

13. Kill the goose that laid the golden egg. 14. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 15. Never do things by halves.

16. If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. 17. Actions speak louder than words.

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18. hold one’s tongue 保持沉默 ; 不开口 ; 缄默

19.behind closed doors 暗中地；与外界隔绝地

20. a slap in the face 耳光；公然受辱；突然的责备

21. a bitter pill to swallow 吞下苦果；不能不做的苦事，不得不忍受的屈辱 22. have no backbone 23. rule of thumb

24. throw cold water on

25. put all one’s eggs in one basket 26. play havoc with

27. as good as one’s word 28.wind and weather 29. wheeling and dealing 30. waifs and strays 31. town and gown

32. top and tail 33. time after time

34. rules and regulations 35. rise and fall 36. rags and tatters 37. puff and blow 38. pick and shovel 39. peace and quiet

40. over and above 41. one and only

42. off and on 43. neck and neck

44. shoulder to shoulder 45. moan and groan

46. milk and water 淡而无味的东西，淡而无味的谈话 47. man and beast

48. Curiosity killed the cat.好奇伤身。

49. A bird may be known by its song. 闻言知人；闻声知鸟。 50. As a man sows, so he shall reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 51. Beauty is but skin deep. 不可以貌取人。 52. Bitter pills may have wholesome effects. 良药苦口。

53. Caution is the parent of safety. 谨慎是安全之本。 . The child is the father of the man. 从小看到大。

55. Discontent is the first step in progress. 不满是进步的开端。 56. Do as they do at Rome. 入乡随俗。

57. A fall into a pit , a gain in your wit. 吃一埑，长一智。

58. The fire is the best of gold; adversity of strong man. 烈火试真金，逆境炼意志。

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