高空作业

GUANGDONG DAPENG LNG COMPANY LIMITED

广东大鹏液化天然气有限公司

SHENZHEN, CHINA

中国深圳

Working at Heights

高空作业

DOCUMENT No.: DPLNG-OPS-PR-010

文件号：DPLNG-OPS-PR-010

0 B A

16-Jun-2005 15-Jun-2005 31-May-2005

Issued for Approval & Operation Issued for Review - Bilingual

Issued For Review PR PR PR

Chen W Y Chen W Y Chen W Y BR

Rev No 版本号 Date 日期 Purpose of Issue

出版目的 Issued By 出版

Checked Dept. Executive By Approval Approval 校核 部门批准 管理层批准

Typed initials in the signature box indicate that the document has been signed (original with Document Control).

在签字方格内使用打印姓名缩写表示该文件已签字（原件由文件控制部门存档）。

Date printed: 6/21/2005 Time printed: 8:41:07 PM

Guangdong Dapeng LNG Co., Ltd. 广东大鹏液化天然气有限公司 Shenzhen China 中国深圳

Operation Procedure

操作程序 Working at Heights

高空作业

Revision / 版本: 0

Prepared by编制: Paul S Richards Revised by修改:

Approved by批准:

Document Control Status文件控制状态:

Date / 日期: (May 31, 2005) Approval Date批准日期: Document number 文件号 DPLNG-OPS-PR-010

Page 页码：2 / 9

Working Procedure

工作程序

1.0

Scope范围

The working at heights program encompasses all the concerns that have been raised within GDLNG. The program is to apply to both GDLNG employees and contractors working on any site owned and operated by GDLNG and includes guidance about the use of mobile elevated working platforms.

高空作业程序涵盖广东LNG项目发生的所有相关工作。本程序适用于广东大鹏液化天然气有限公司的雇员和公司拥有或经营的所有现场的承包商，包括使用可移动高空作业平台指南。

2.0

General Responsibilities under this program 本程序规定的综合责任制 A.

GD LNG employees and contractors are required to use fall protection equipment or systems when an assessment of the hazard indicates that a person could fall six (6) or more feet. This program identifies when fall protection is required and provides requirements for fall protection systems.

当风险评估显示人员有可能从6英尺或更高处坠落时，要求广东大鹏液化天然气有限公司人员和承包商人员使用防坠落设备或系统。本程序用来鉴定何时要求实施防坠落保护并提供对防坠落系统的要求。

B. It is the Operations Manager responsibility to assure that the appropriate fall protection system

is being used, and employees are properly trained. Each individual has the responsibility to recognize fall hazards and take preventative measures. Contractors are required to follow these fall protection requirements. 生产经理负责保证防坠落系统的使用及妥善的员工培训。每个人都有责任识别坠落危险并采取

预防措施。要求承包商遵守这些防坠落要求。

C. Fall protection needs shall be included in the design and construction of new and remodeled

facilities.

防坠落工作应该贯穿在新建和改造设施的设计施工工作中。

Date printed: 6/21/2005 Time printed: 8:41:07 PM

Guang Dong Dapeng LNG Co. Ltd. 广东大鹏液化天然气有限公司 Revision / 版本: 0

Working Procedure

工作程序

D.

DPLNG-OPS-PR-010 Page / 页码: 3 / 9 Date / 日期: 17-May-2005

Engineering must be consulted for designing or verifying anchor points, horizontal lifelines and for assuring lifeline system standards are adequate to handle all fall arresting loads.

工程设计工作必须考虑到锚固点和水平救生索的设计和审核并保证救生索系统的标准足以应付全部捕获的坠落物的载荷。

The requirements of this program are not applicable to activities covered by the electric power generation, transmission and distribution section.

本程序的要求不适用于发电，电力传送和配电方面的工作。

E.

3.0

Definitions定义 A.

PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM (PFAS). A system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or combination of these items.

个人坠落捕获系统（PFAS）：用于捕获从工作界面坠落人员的系统。它由锚固点，连接器，连体安全带组成，还可能包括系索，减速器，救生索，或这些项目的组合。

SAFETY HARNESS. The part of fall protection equipment which supports the body in the event of a fall. The full body harness type is required for fall protection purposes. Safety belts, that are only secured around the waist are not allowed as fall arrest equipment.

连体安全带：防坠落设备的一部分，在坠落发生时可以撑住身体。防坠落用的安全带要求是连体式的。普通安全带仅能系在腰间，不允许被用作防坠落设备。

LANYARD. A flexible line of rope made from synthetic fibers having connectors at each end for connecting the body harness to a deceleration device, lifeline, or anchorage. The lanyard shall not be attached by means of knots or loops. The lanyard shall have a double latch self-locking snap hook at each end for connecting the body harness to a lifeline or anchor point. Some lanyards may have a built-in deceleration device. A shock absorbing lanyard is recommended because it imposes the minimum force to the body in the event of a fall. The manufacturer must design lanyards for fall arresting purposes. Only commercially manufactured lanyards shall be used. The lanyard must be capable of supporting a 5000 pound static load.

系索：由合成纤维制成的挠性绳线， 每端带有连接器用于同连体安全带与减速器，救生索或锚固点相连。不能通过打结或绳套的方式固定系索。系索应该在每端配有双重插销的自锁式安全钩以便连接连体安全带与救生索或锚固点。某些系索配有嵌入式减速器。建议使用减震系索，因为可以在坠落发生时把向人体施加的力降至最小。生产厂家设计的系索必须适合捕获各种坠落物。只能选用商业厂家生产的系索。系索必须能够承受5000 磅的静态载荷。

DECELERATION DEVICE. Any mechanism such as a rope grab, self- retracting lifeline, or shock absorbing lanyard which serves to dissipate the force of the fall which would otherwise be imposed on the employee.

减速器：例如绳子卡具，自收缩式救生索或减震系索等用于消除即将施加于人员身体的坠落力的任何机械装置。

ANCHOR POINT. A secure point of attachment of lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices. Anchor points must be capable of supporting a static load of 5,000 pounds per person attached.

锚固点：救生索，系索或减速器的固定点。锚固点必须能够承受5000磅的静态载荷。

WORKING HEIGHT. The distance from the worker's footing to the next lower working level or surface to which an employee can fall.

工作高度：从工人立足处至下面一层他有可能坠落到的工作界面或平面的距离。

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

Date printed打印日期: 6/21/2005 Time printed打印时间: 8:41:07 PM

Guang Dong Dapeng LNG Co. Ltd. 广东大鹏液化天然气有限公司 Revision / 版本: 0

Working Procedure

工作程序

G.

DPLNG-OPS-PR-010 Page / 页码: 4 / 9 Date / 日期: 17-May-2005

LIFELINE. A vertical line from a fixed anchorage or between two horizontal anchorages, independent of walking or working surfaces, to which a lanyard or fall arresting device is secured.

救生索：从固定锚固点引出的或位于两个水平锚固点之间的垂直绳线，不妨碍行走通道或工作界面，将系索或坠落物捕获装置固定其上。

COMPETENT TRAINER. A competent trainer is someone who has specialized knowledge of fall protection that includes: hazard recognition, proper use and care of fall protection equipment, inspection practices.

合格的培训员：合格的培训员是指具有专门防坠落知识的人员，包括：能识别危险，能妥善使用和维护防坠落设备，有检查经验。

COMPETENT PERSON. An individual knowledgeable of manufacturer's recommendations, instructions and manufactured components who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards, and trained in the proper selection, use and maintenance of fall protection. 合格人员：指熟知厂商建议说明及生产零件的人员，能够鉴别已存在和潜在的危险，通过选拔培训， 能够使用和维护防坠落设备。

DECELERATION DISTANCE. The vertical distance between the harness attachment point at the activation of the fall arrest equipment and that attachment point once the individual comes to a complete stop.

减速距离：是指坠落捕获设备启动后，从连体安全带固定点至坠落人员完全停止坠落的某个固定点之间的垂直距离。

H.

I.

J.

4.0

Fall Protection System防坠落系统 A.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

要求进行坠落防护的条件，包括但不限于以下情形：

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) B.

Personnel fall arrest systems are not required when working in these situations:

高空平台或载人篮筐。 被当作工作平台的梯子。 不完善的钢结构。

高空管线或管廊（高空管廊要求配备水平救生索系统） 敞开的塔盘键槽（超过6英尺连续下降，并且有坠落危险） 没有护栏的罐顶（不考虑工作位置） 起重区域的开放式通道。

不带有高度为42''的连续胸墙的建筑物屋顶（例如压缩机房或加工厂房等） 铲斗车的篮筐。

Elevated platforms or man baskets

Ladders when used as working platforms Incomplete structural steel

Elevated piping or pipe racks (A horizontal lifeline system is recommended for elevated pipe racks)

Opened tower tray key ways (where more than 6 foot continuous drop, and a fall hazard exists)

Tank roof without guardrail system (regardless of work location) Open access ways for hoist area

Building roofs (such as compressor and process buildings, etc.) without a 42'' continuous parapet wall

Basket on bucket truck

Examples where fall protection is required include, but are not limited to the following:

Date printed打印日期: 6/21/2005 Time printed打印时间: 8:41:07 PM

Guang Dong Dapeng LNG Co. Ltd. 广东大鹏液化天然气有限公司 Revision / 版本: 0

Working Procedure

工作程序

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) C.

DPLNG-OPS-PR-010 Page / 页码: 5 / 9 Date / 日期: 17-May-2005

Approved scaffolds (completed only and when working inside the guardrail system) Roofs with a 42'' high, continuous parapet, or standard guardrail system) Stairways with standard railings Caged ladders

Portable or scaffold ladders (only when used for access) Elevated walkways protected by guardrails

在以下工作条件下不需要配备人员坠落捕获系统：

经批准合格的脚手架（仅指在护栏系统内侧搭设的脚手架或在护栏内工作时） 带有高度42''的连续胸墙或标准护栏系统的屋顶。 带有标准护栏的楼梯。 带有防护笼的直梯。

便携式或搭接式梯子（只有在当作通道使用时） 有护栏保护的高空通道。

When a PFAS is used, these systems must be tied-off properly to anchorage points which are capable of supporting a static load of 5000 pounds per person attached.

在使用PFAS时，相关系统必须固定在固定点上，这些固定点能够支撑每人5000磅的静态载荷。

Anchorage used for the attachment of personal fall protection equipment shall be independent of any anchorage being used to support or suspend platforms. Only in rare situations where no such independent anchorage is possible, tying off the platform may be necessary. For example, when utilizing a suspended personnel manbasket the PFAS anchorage point must not be the platform itself. All PFAS equipment shall be connected and used in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and instructions.

用来固定个人坠落防护设备的锚固点应该与用作支撑或悬挂平台的锚固点分开使用。只有很少情况下锚固点才不能分开使用，而将平台固定其上。举例来说，当使用悬挂式载人篮筐时，不能将平台当作PFAS锚固点。

Personal fall arrest systems shall be rigged to limit free fall distance to 1.8 m or less. The deceleration distance must be limited to 1.05m and the personal fall protection system must allow for an unobstructed fall. In addition, the system shall be rigged to limit a swing fall hazard.

配备人员坠落捕获系统是为了应对自由坠落距离1.8米及以内的坠落。减速距离必须限定在1.05米，个人坠落防护系统必须适用于不设障坠落。另外，该系统还应该能够应对旋转坠落。 Open hoist areas must be protected by guardrails. When a portion of the guardrail is removed for hoisting, employees involved must wear fall arrest systems.

开放式起重区域必须设置护栏。如果由于起重需要将护栏局部拆除，则相关作业人员必须佩带坠落捕获系统。

D.

E.

F.

5.0

A.

All safety harnesses, lanyards, snap hooks and other PFAS equipment must meet the material and assembly specifications, and testing. Only approved fall protection devices may be used by personnel and must be worn as designated and as intended by the manufacturer. The key provisions are:

1) Connectors (Dee-rings and snaphooks) shall have been proof-tested to 1650 Kilograms,

and have a minimum tensile strength of 2275 kilograms (5000 pounds).

Fall Arrest System Equipment坠落捕获设备

Date printed打印日期: 6/21/2005 Time printed打印时间: 8:41:07 PM

Guang Dong Dapeng LNG Co. Ltd. 广东大鹏液化天然气有限公司 Revision / 版本: 0

Working Procedure

工作程序

2) Only locking type snaphooks shall be used at our facility.

DPLNG-OPS-PR-010 Page / 页码: 6 / 9 Date / 日期: 17-May-2005

所有连体安全带，系索，安全钩及其它PFAS设备必须符合材料，组装规范及试验的要求。施工人员只能使用批准合格的防坠落装置并按照指定的方法及厂商要求的方法佩带。主要规定包括：

1) 系索的最小断裂强度必须为2275kg（5000磅），并由合成纤维制成。

2) 连体安全带（D形环）上的固定点应该位于佩带者的背部中心靠近肩部的位置，或位于佩带

者头顶上方。

B.

Each employee must visually inspect the personnel fall arrest system components prior to each use for wear, damage and other deterioration. All equipment will be visually check on a quarterly basis to establish if the equipment is deteriorating whilst is storage Defective PFAS components must be immediately removed from service, and identified as ``out of service''.

每个员工在每次使用PFAS（人员坠落捕获系统）前都要检查其部件是否磨损，损伤或受破坏。所有设备都应该在每季度经过外观检查，查看存放过程中设备是否受损坏。有缺陷的PFAS部件必须马上撤换，并标明“禁止使用”。

C. Personal fall protection systems and components which have been subjected to impact from

arresting of an employee's fall shall be immediately removed from service. 对于在使用中遭受破坏的的个人坠落防护系统和系统部件应立即从工作中撤除。

6.0

Use of Mobile Elevated working platforms可移动高空作业平台的使用

Mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) can provide safe access and safe working at heights, and are often safer than ladders or other access equipment.

Each year there are a number of serious accidents in which operators are thrown from MEWPs, including about 3 fatalities each year from the baskets of 'cherry pickers'. In many situations, the wearing of a safety harness would provide good protection in the event of falling, or of being thrown, from the MEWP's basket

This guidance relates primarily to 'cherry pickers'. However, the advice is also relevant to scissor-type MEWPs if the operator is at risk of falling, eg as a result of leaning over the guard rail.

可移动高空作业平台（MEWP）能够提供高空通道和安全的高空作业。它通常比梯子或其它通道设备更安全。

每年都要发生多起操作人员被从MEWP上抛出的严重事故，包括每年大约3起由于车载升降台造成的死亡事故。在许多情况下，穿戴连体安全带能够对坠落或从MEWP篮筐中抛出事故起到很好的保护作用。

本指南主要针对车载升降台。但是指南中的建议同样适用于剪状MEWP上操作人员的坠落风险，例如由于靠在护栏上导致的危险结果。

7.0 THE RISKS风险

The typical MEWP consists of one or more pivoted arms. Movement from a single pivot causes the basket to move through an arc. To make the basket move in an approximately straight line, eg down the face of a building, the operator must adjust more than one control, either simultaneously or

Date printed打印日期: 6/21/2005 Time printed打印时间: 8:41:07 PM

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Working Procedure

工作程序

DPLNG-OPS-PR-010 Page / 页码: 7 / 9 Date / 日期: 17-May-2005

alternately. Many accidents occur when the controls are too 'coarse'. This may cause the basket to move more rapidly than anticipated or the operator may not be able to compensate sufficiently for the 'arc' movement. The basket then may strike, or be obstructed by, part of the structure, eg a windowsill. If power continues to be applied when the basket has become jammed, it is likely to cause failure of part of the supporting machine or it may result in the sudden movement of the basket, throwing out the occupant(s).

典型的MEWP由一个或多个回转臂组成。一根单枢的活动会导致篮筐作弧形移动。为使篮筐作近似直线的运动，即沿着建筑物表面向下移动，操作手必须同时或交替控制多个控制器。控制器控制不准确会引发许多事故。这将导致篮筐移动速度大大超过预期速度，或无法完全将弧线运动调整为直线运动。然后篮筐将受到撞击或被如窗台等结构阻绊。如果当篮筐受阻塞时继续通电，那么承载机械的部件很可能会出现故障，或者导致篮筐突然移动将筐里的人员甩出。

Other significant causes of accidents are:

(1) when a nearby vehicle or mobile plant strikes the MEWP, eg if part of the supporting arm

intrudes into a public thoroughfare or contacts an overhead traveling crane;

(2) when the operator either leans too far out of the basket or loses balance, eg when handling

awkward pieces of material such as long sections of guttering;

(3) failure of the leveling system or a major component of the MEWP; and

(4) unexpected movement or overturning due to incorrect installation or soft or uneven ground.

其它重要的事故原因包括：

(1) 附近车辆或移动设施碰撞MEWP，例如造成部分支撑臂伸入公用通道或与天车接触的情况。 (2) 操作手倚靠篮筐伸出篮筐过远或失去平衡， 例如由于搬运如长条形排水材料一类的难于处理的

材料。

(3) 找平系统或MEWP的主要零件出现故障；及

(4) 意外移动或由于安装不当或地面松软不平造成的倾覆。

Note that MEWPs are intended as work platforms and not as a means of access to elevated levels, eg persons have been injured climbing out of MEWP baskets to get onto a roof.

Error of judgment or lack of sufficient instruction and training can cause rapid movement of the basket and collision with racking etc while maneuvering. Whilst many incidents have been attributed to 'operator-error', many such errors are foreseeable and should be considered as part of a risk assessment.

PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN BEFORE WORKING FROM ANY MEWP

应该说明的是，MEWP是用作工作平台的，而不是通向高空作业面的通道，例如利用MEWP去屋顶而导致受伤。

在作业过程中，判断错误或缺少足够的指导培训会导致篮筐的快速移动和严重碰撞等事故。并且多数事故多归因于“错误操作”，许多此类错误都是可预见的并且属于风险评估的范畴。

在可移动高空作业平台上工作前的防范措施

The precautions for safe work from a MEWP include:

(1) guard rails round the edge of the basket to stop the user falling; (2) toe-boards round the edge of the platform;

(3) use of stability devices, eg outriggers, provided to make the machine stable;

(4) locking-out controls (other than those in the basket) to prevent inadvertent operation; and (5) a safe system of work which includes:

Date printed打印日期: 6/21/2005 Time printed打印时间: 8:41:07 PM

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工作程序

a) b) c) d) e)

DPLNG-OPS-PR-010 Page / 页码: 8 / 9 Date / 日期: 17-May-2005

planning the job (the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 reg.8); use of trained/experienced operator(s);

instructions when to enter/leave the basket, eg when basket is fully lowered;

instructions in emergency procedures, such as evacuation, should the power be lost, and

use, where necessary, of suitable fall restraint or, in high risk situations, fall arrest equipment.

在可移动高空作业平台上安全工作的防范措施包括：

(1) 在篮筐边缘安置护栏防止使用人员坠落。 (2) 平台周边安装踢脚板。

(3) 安装稳固装置，如安装支腿以便稳固机器。

(4) 安装上锁控制器（除了那些安装在篮筐里的以外）防止无意误操作。 (5) 安全工作体系包括：

a) 制定工作计划（吊装操作与吊装设备规则，1998 reg.8） b) 雇佣经过培训的有经验的操作手 c) 在篮筐完全降落时，对进入或离开篮筐进行说明指导。 d) 在断电情况下，进行应急程序指导，例如进行人员疏散。并且 e) 根据需要使用合适的坠落限定设施，或在严重危险情况下使用坠落捕获设备。

In 'high risk' situations the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for fall arrest should be required, as it could significantly reduce the risk of serious injury. The equipment will usually consist of a full body safety harness attached by a lanyard (and energy absorber) to a designated anchorage point on the basket. Situations which have been identified as 'high risk' are where:

在严重危险情况下要求使用个人防护设备（PPE）进行防坠落，因为PPE 可以大大降低严重伤害的风险。个人防护设备的构成通常是将一套连有系索（及减震器）的连体安全带固定在篮筐上指定的锚固点上。严重危险情况是指：

(1) there are protruding features which could catch or trap the basket; (2)

nearby vehicles or mobile plant could foreseeably collide with, or make accidental contact with, the MEWP. Situations include work in the vicinity of very wet or slippery road surfaces, and where the MEWP may intrude into the safety zone of a road traffic management section; the nature of the work being done from the basket may mean operators are more likely to lean out. This may happen, for example when operators: (a) (b) (4) (1) (2) (3)

inadvertently, or for reasons of speed and convenience, overreach or stretch from the basket and may overbalance; or

are handling awkward work pieces which may move unexpectedly;

(3)

rapid movement of the machine is possible. 出现可能会钩住或套住篮筐的凸出物。

附近车辆或移动设施被预见可能会与工作发生冲突或与MEWP 造成碰撞。 危险情况包括在非常潮湿或打滑的路面上工作，可能会造成MEWP闯入道路交管区的安全区域。

在篮筐内进行的工作的性质表明操作手有可能会探出篮筐操作。这种情况会由于操作手的下列行为造成： (a) (b)

无意或为了加快速度或为了便利，从篮筐过度伸出或探出造成篮筐失去平衡；或 搬运难于处理的工件出现始料不及的移动；

(4) 机器的快速移动。

Date printed打印日期: 6/21/2005 Time printed打印时间: 8:41:07 PM

Guang Dong Dapeng LNG Co. Ltd. 广东大鹏液化天然气有限公司 Revision / 版本: 0

Working Procedure

工作程序

8.0

A.

Training/Recordkeeping 培训/保留记录

DPLNG-OPS-PR-010 Page / 页码: 9 / 9 Date / 日期: 17-May-2005

Employees who might be exposed to fall hazards must be trained in fall hazard recognition and the proper use of fall protection methods. Thereafter, retraining is necessary whenever there is reason to believe a previously trained employee does not have the necessary understanding and/or skill required. Retraining will also be necessary when changes in the work or regulations make a previous training obsolete; when there are changes in the types of fall protection systems; when equipment or inadequacies in the use of protective equipment are apparent.

有可能会遭遇坠落危险的员工必须经过危险识别和正确使用防坠落设备的培训。随后，如果确信已经过培训的员工并没有领会要求的知识和技能时还要对其进行再度培训。当发生改变工作内容或工作规则时；防坠落设备改变类型时；明显没有充分使用防护设备时，先期的培训作废，还要对员工重新进行再度培训。

Training shall be conducted by a competent trainer. 由合格的培训员进行培训。

A written certification of training shall be maintained on site. Training records must include the name of each person trained, the date of training and the signature of the trainer. Past training may be utilized and the training record should contain the date the determination was made that past training was adequate.

现场保留书面培训证书。培训记录应该包括受训人姓名，培训日期和培训员签字。通过培训即可生效，培训记录中应该包含确定已通过的培训生效的日期。

B. C.

9.0

A.

Rescue of fallen employees, who are incapable of self rescue, shall be done using established rescue plans and procedures.

运用事先制定好的方案和程序救助无法进行自救的坠落人员。 Emergency Procedures应急程序

10.0

Reference参考资料 A.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor; 29 CFR 1926.500, 501, 502, and 503.

职业安全与健康管理局，劳动部；29 CFR 1926.500, 501, 502, and 503. http://www.hse.gov.uk/lau/lacs/1-6.htm

B.

11.0

Revision Log 修订记录

Revision date 修订日期

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Date printed打印日期: 6/21/2005 Time printed打印时间: 8:41:07 PM