中考英语名词专项

名词

名词：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

1. 可数名词和不可数名词：【理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词】

英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词，一般有单数和复数形式两种形式。可数名词的单数变为复数的规则为：1）一般情况下，在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。

如：book－books；pen－pens；eraser－erasers

2）以字母x；s；ch；sh结尾的单词，其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。

如：bus－buses；box－boxes；watch－watches

3）以辅音字母＋ｙ结尾的可数名词，其复数形式是把字母ｙ变为i再加-es。如：baby－babies；country－countries；city－cities

注意：如果是以元音字母＋y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。 如：boy－boys；toy－toys

4）以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词，其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。如：wife－wives；leaf－leaves；knife－knives

5）以字母o结尾的可数名词，其复数形式一般加-s，或－es。 如：photo－photos，radio－radios，piano－pianos，tomato－tomatoes，potato －potatoes

6）一些特殊变化的复数形式。

如：man/woman－men/women；child－children； foot－feet；tooth－teeth；mouse－mice 7）有些名词的单复数形式相同：

如：sheep，deer，Chinese，Japanese，yuan（元），jin （斤）

注意：

有些集体名词本身既表示单数意义又表示复数意义。当这些名词指代一个单位、机构或被看成一个整体时，作单数形式理解；如果表示这个群体的所有成员，通常被看作复数。

常用的这类词有：

class 班级；team 队（员）；family 家庭/人；government ；group 组（员）

The family is not large. 这个家庭不大。（指家庭这个整体） The family are all music lovers. 这一家人都是音乐爱好者。（指家庭中的成员）Almost all families in this village have taken part in the program. （指多个家庭）在这个村庄几乎所有家庭都参加了这个节目。

2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法

1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。如：

The rich man has a lot of money．那个富人有很多钱。 There is some milk in the bottle．瓶子里有一些牛奶。 Is there any water in the glass？杯子里有一些水吗？

I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice． 我不喜欢冬天，因为有太多的冰和雪。

2）用a piece of, a cup of 这类定语修饰不可数数名词.。 a piece of paper ; a piece of wood; a piece of bread a bottle of orange ; a glass of water（milk）; a cup of tea 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数。

two cups of tea; four pieces of paper; three glasses of water; three bags of rice

3. 名词所有格【熟练掌握所学名词所有格的用法】

名词所有格是中考的重点。名词所有格表示人或者事物的所有及所属关系，在句子中作定语。

1）表示人或者有生命的名词的所有格的形式，单数名词的后面加

“’s”。

如：This is my father’s car. 这是我父亲的汽车。

2）表示集体、时间、距离、世界、国家等名词的所有格也可以用“’s”形式。如：Is there anything strange in today’s newspaper?

今天报纸上有什么特别的消息吗？

3）表示无生命的名词所有格要用of＋名词的形式，有时也用于有生命的名词。如：Look at the map of China, please. 请看这张中国地图。

I know the girl’s name/ the name of the girl. 我知道这个女孩的名字。

注意：

1）用连词and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同所有关系时，只在最后一个名词的后面加“’s”，

如：This is Li Lei and Li Ping’s father. 这是李雷和李平的父亲。（两个人共同的父亲）

如果两个名词分别所有，则在两个名词的后面分别加“’s”， 如：These are Li Lei’s and Li ping’s books. 这些是李雷和李平的书。（两个人各自所有）

2）以s或es结尾的复数名词，其所有格只在字母s的后面加“’”；而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式仍然要加“’s”。

如：It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to my school.

从我家到学校步行大约十分钟。

Here is the Children’s Palace. 这里是少年宫。 3）双重所有格：

“of +名词的-’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用双重所有格。

例如：Tom is a friend of my father’s. 汤姆是我父亲的一位朋

友。

I gave him two photos of mine. 我给了他我的两张照片。 【真题再现】

1. The _____ often eat grass on the hill. 【2012湖北随州】 A. chicken B. horse C. cow D. sheep

2. The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of ___________ from it. 【2012广西玉林】

A. thing B. message C. informations D. information

3. —What is your favorite food? 【2012广西玉林】 —I like ______ best. I had a large bowl last night. A. potato noodle B. potatoes noodles C. potato noodles D. potatoes noodles

4. A friend of my _______ and I are going to visit _______ next week. 【2012蚌埠】

A. father; Browns B. father’s; the Browns C. father; the Browns. D. father’s; Browns

5. This is ____________ computer. 【2012天水】 A. Ann’s and Tom B. Ann and Tom’s C. Ann and Tom

D. Ann’s and Tom’s

6. －Where does your uncle work, Jack? 【2012温州】 －In a ________ in Paris. He is a policeman. A. TV station B. book store C. post office D. police station

7. I like _________ best of all the vegetables. 【2012黔西南】 A. potatoes B. tomato C. bread D. rice 【巩固练习】 I. 单项选择。

1. Mr. Black gave us ____ on how to learn English well. A. an advice B. many advices C. some advice D. some advices

2. You can get much ______ about the World Expo on the Internet.

A. map B. picture C. ticket D. information

3. I saw many _________ eating grass on the hill. A. horse B. cow C. rabbit D. sheep

4. I don’t think looking after children is just work. A. woman B. woman’s C. women D. women’s

5. The hospital is a bit far from here. It’s about _______. A. forty minutes walk B. forty minute’s walk C. forty minutes’ walks D. forty minutes’ walk

6. There are a lot of ______ planting trees on the hill. A. boy B. people C. girl D. student

7. There is some _______ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears

8. The______ has two _______ . A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch

9. —They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ? —Certainly.

A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water

D. some bottle of waters

10. There are a lot of yellow _____ on the tree when autumn comes.

A. leafs B. leaves C. apple D. banana

11. There are about one hundred teachers in our school. Two thirds of them are

_______.

A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher

II. 用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。

1. Please take some ________ (medicine) and stay in bed for two days.

2. The baby has already had four ______ (tooth) when she was seven months old.

3. Could you help me to clean the fallen _______ (leaf) on the ground?

4. We need a lot of ______ (dictionary) in our class. Could you buy some for us?

5. There is a lot of ______ (salt) in my soup. It is too salty to drink.

6.－Whose car is this?

－I think it must be your ________ (father).

7. I hear the yellow car is ________ (Dave and Jane).Is it right? 8. Our teacher is very angry with your brother because he made many ________ (mistake) in his homework.