中考形容词与副词的用法

（一）形容词与副词的区别

a、 形容词（adj.) ：

worry→worried (担心的) break →broken (弄坏的) 《2》形容词 转换 副词

《1》概念：修饰名词和复合不定代词， ｛1｝形+ly, clear－clearly

sad—sadly, quiet—quietly 说明其性质、特征的词，常译为

“……的”,如:good(好的),happy(高兴的) 《2》句中用法及位置： ｛1｝主语 ＋系动词 +形容词 （be/look/sound）

｛2｝主语+make/keep+宾语+形容词

｛3｝形容词＋名词 例：(1)He looks _____( happy/happily) (2)It makes me____ (happy/happily)

(3)It is a ______(rain/ rainy)day. b、副词(adv.)

《1》概念：主要修饰动词或句子，说明 动作发生的程度、方式等等，常译 为“……地”，如：happily（快乐地） 《2》句中用法及位置： ｛1｝常位于谓语动词之后或句首， 做“状语”。例 (1)They played ______(happy/happily). (2) He speaks English_____ (good/well). （3）Luckily, he found it again.

｛3｝修饰“形容词、副词”： He is old enough to go to school. . C.形容词、副词的词性转换。 《1》名词/动词→形容词，方法如下： ｛1｝名词+y, rain(名)－rainy（形）

snow－snowy , wind－windy cloud－cloudy , sun－sunny ｛2｝名词+ly, friend－friendly ｛3｝名词+ful/less , help－helpful

use—useful care－careful care－careless, ｛4｝名词+ous, danger－dangerous ｛5｝动词+ed/ing interest→interested（感兴趣的） interesting(有趣的) excite→excited(感到激动的) exciting（令人兴奋的） please→pleased(感到高兴的) pleasant (令人愉快的) surprise→surprised（惊奇的） ｛2｝“辅+y”结尾，改y 为i,+ly, happy－－happily, lucky－luckily 例（:1)It will be _______(rain) tomorrow.

(2)He is ________(interest)in drawing. (3)They are playing ________(happy). 二) 形容词、副词的三个级别及构成：

a. 级别： ｛1｝原级：即“原形”，无比较意义，

如：tall、high, fast

｛2｝比较级：两个比较，其中一个比另

一个“ 更/较……”,如:taller, faster ｛3｝最高级：三个（或以上）比较，其中一个“最……”,如:tallest,fastest b.比较级和最高级的构成： ▲、规则变化： 《1》 单音节词和少数“er/or/ow/t/y”结尾 的双音节词（clever/quiet/happy） ｛1｝一般+er/est, tall－taller－tallest

fast—faster—fastest ｛2｝以不发音“e”结尾的，+er/est, 如：nice—nicer--nicest ｛3｝以“辅+元+辅”结尾的单音节词， 先双写后一个字母，再加“er/est”

(big/hot/fat/thin/wet/red) 例：big―bigger―biggest ｛4｝以“辅+y”结尾的.改“y”为i,再加er/est 例：happy―happier―happiest

early —earlier — eariliest 注：slowly → more slowly→ most slowly 《2》其它双音节词和多音节词在前+more/most例： careful － more careful－most careful

carefully－ more carefully－most carefully

▲、不规则变化：

｛1｝good/well－ better － best ｛2｝bad/ill ― worse ― worst ｛3｝many/much―more ― most ｛4 little ― less ― east

(5) far ― farther ― farther ( (6) old― older/elder― oldest/eldest

(三) 比较级的用法及句型：

a、用法：用于两者之间的比较，其中一

个比另一个“更/较……” b、句型：

【1】形→A+ be+（形）比较级+ than + B

副→A+行为动词+(副)比较级+than+B

(1) He is taller than I . He jumps higher than I.

(2) Art is more interesting than music. 【2】Who/Which +动词，A or B? (1)Who is taller, Jim or Tom？

(2) Who studies harder, Jane or Kate ? (3) Which do you like better , summer

or winter?

【3】主语+动词+比较级+any other+单名+

in… the other + 复名

He is taller than any other boy in his class. the other boys

【4】“the +比较级，the +比较级”→ 表示“越……越……”

（1）The more trees we plant, the better

our environment will be.

(2) The more regularly we eat, the healthier we will be.

5】“比较级+and +比较级”→“越来越…” (1) China is developing faster and faster. (2) I’m sure our hometown will become

better and better.

附：比较级用法注意事项

《1》比较级前不加the/very/more, 但可加：much(得多)、even(甚至)、 a little及数量词修饰,例： （1）He is ________ taller than I . A. more B.much C.very

(2) It is much ______ ( hot) today. It is even _____(cold) today.

《2》对比双方须同一范围或同类 例：His bike is newer than _____. A.you B.your C. yours

(四)最高级的用法及句型：

a、用法：用于三者（以上）的比较，其中一个“最……”

b、句型：

【1】 形→主语+ be+（形）最高级

+ of/in/among…

副→主语+ 行为动词+（副）最高级

+ of/in/among

（1）He is the tallest in his class.

He jumps (the) highest of the three. Jane studies most carefully in her class (2) Of all the things, water is the most

important.

Among them, I like English best.

2】主语+be +one of the +(形)最高级+…

(1)Liu Xiang is one of the best runners in the world.

(2)He is one of the most popular teachers in our school.

3】Who/Which +动词+最高级，A,B orC?

(1)Who is the tallest, Jim ,Tom or Mike? (2) Which do you like best, summer, winter or spring?

4】The Yellow River is the second longest in Chiona.

五)形容词、副词“原级比较”的用

法： 用于两个人/物在某一程度的对比，分为两种情况：

1】A=B时（两个程度相等），常用

“ as…as”(……和……一样)，结构: 形→A+ be+as+（形）原级+ as + B 副→A+行为动词+as+(副)原级+as+B (1) Jim is as tall as Tom.

Jim looks as funny as a monkey. (2)Jim jumps as high as Tom. 2】A≠B时（两个程度不相等），常用 “ not as(as)…as”(……和……不一样/ 不像/不如/不比)，结构:

形→A+ be+not +as+（形）原级+ as + B 副→A+行为动词的否式+as+(副)原级

+as+B

（1）Jim isn’t as(so) tall as Tom. =Tom is taller than Jim.

(2) Art isn’t as((so) interesting as music. =Art is less interesting than music. =Music is more interesting than art. (五) 、形容词、副词三个级别的判断：

【 【【【

(【【a、“原级”：无与其它人/物对比。

例：He works very___________(care).

b、比较级

（ 1）句中含“than”；

（2）前有修饰词“much、even”等。 （3）前后（上、下文）对比； （4）在比较级的句型中。 例:1) It is _______than before. 2) It is________ much (cheap)here. 3）Now it works_______(fast) with the machine. C、“最高级” 1.同一个范围内三者或以上比较 （句中常有“in、of、among”）. . I think it is the_______important of all.(much) (2)最高级的句型中（one of… ） It is one of the ____street in the city.(bust 巩固练习;

（一）写出下列各词的比较级和最高级：

tall _____ ________ clean _____ _______ few _____ ______clever _____ _______ nice ____ ______ wide _____ _______ big _____ ______ hot _____ ________ thin _____ _____ fat ______ ________ heavy___ _______ early_____ _______ lovely_____ ______/_____ ________ careful ____________ _____________ interesting___________ ______________ good _____ _____well ______ _______ many _____ _____ little _____ _______ far ______ _______ old______ ______-_ (二)选词填空： High little bad much large small cheap 1.The cost of the city is ______ than that in the country.

2.The rainforests are becoming much _____ than before.

3. There is ______noise in he countryside than in the city

4.The environment becomes even_______ because of the air pollution(污染).

5.This one is too expensive .I want a _____

one. 6. Water makes up the _______part of the human body. 7.I think water is the _______ important of all the things. (三)根据汉语提示，用正确的形式填入所缺动词，完成下列句子。 1.Kate is ______ (高) than jane. 2. Birds are _______(大) than insects. 3.The rainforests are becoming much _____ ( 小)than before.

4.In this area，there is much ______（少） rain 5.Jim feels even _______(严重)。 6.This coat is dear. Do you have any_____(便

宜) 7.which is ______(重)，this box or that one? 8.The elephant is the _____(大) on land

9.Jim is the ______(高) of all the boys. 10.summer is the ______(热)season in the year. 11.Shanghai is one of the __(大) cities in China.