国际公约的议定书
各缔约方,
考虑到1924年8月25日在布鲁塞尔制订的统一提单的某些法律规定的国际公约加以修正是合乎需要的,
兹协议如下: 第一条
1.第3条第4款增加下列规定:
“但是,当该提单已被转让至善意行事的第三者时,与此相反的证据便不予接受。” 2.第3条第6款第4项应改为:
“除第6款(之一)另有规定外,除自货物交付或本应交付之日起一年内提起诉讼外,在任何情况下,承运人和船舶将被免除对于货物的任何责任。但是,在诉因发生以后,经当事方同意,这一期限加以延长。”
3.第3条第6款之后应增加第6款(之一):
“即使在前款规定的一年期限届满之后,只要在受案所在地法律允许期间内,仍可以向第三方提起追偿诉讼。但是,允许的时间自提起此种诉讼之人已经解决向其索赔的案件,或在对其本人的诉讼中收到送达的传票之日起算,不得少于三个月。”
第二条
第4条第5款应予删除,并改为下列规定:
(a)不论是承运人或船舶,对超过每件或每单位相当于10000金法郎,或按灭失或受损货物毛重计算,每公斤相当于30金法郎(两者之中以较高者为准)的货物或与货物有关的灭失或损害,在任何情况下,概不负责,除非货物的性质和价值已由托运人在货物装运前声明,并在提单上注明。
(1968年2月23日颁布1978年1月1日实施)
(b)可赔偿的总额应参照该货物根据合同从船上卸下或本应卸下的当时当地的价值计算。
货物价值应按商品交换价格确定,或者,如无此种价格,按现时市场价格计算;如无商品交换价格和现时市场价格,参照相同品种和质量的货物的正常价值确定。
(c)如货物是以集装箱、货盘或类似的运输工具集装,则提单中载明的装在此种运输工具中的件数或单位数,应视为本款所述件数或单位数。除上述情况之外,此种运输工具应视为一个包件或单位。
(d)一个金法郎是指一个含有纯度为千分之九百的黄金65.5毫克的单位。将裁判的赔偿金额折合成本国货币的日期,应按受案所在地法律确定。
(e)如经证明,损害系承运人故意造成,或明知可能造成损害而轻率地采取的行为或不行为所引起,则无论是承运人或船舶,都无权享有本款规定的责任的利益。
(f)本款第(a)项所规定的声明如被载入提单,应成为初步证据,但不应对承运人具有约束力或终结效力。
(g)经承运人、船长或承运人的代理人与托运人协议,可在本款第(a)项所述金额之外另行确定一个最高金额。但此最高金额不得低于该第(a)项所述的相应最高金额。
(h)如果托运人在提单中故意谎报货物的性质或价值,则无论承运人或船舶,在任何情况下对货物或与货物有关的灭失或损害概不负责。
第三条
在本公约第4条和第5条之间应加入下述第4条(之一):
1.“本公约所规定的抗辩和责任,应适用于运输合同所包含的货物灭失或损害对承运人提起任何诉讼,而不论诉论是以合同或是以侵权行为为依据。
2.如果此种诉讼是对承运人的受雇人员或代理人(该受雇人员或代理人人并非合同人),该受雇人员或代理人有权援引承运人依照本公约可援引的各项抗辩和责任。
3.从承运人及此种受雇人员或代理人所能得到的赔偿总额,在任何情况下,不得超过本公约规定的限度。
4.但是,如经证明,损害系受雇人员或代理人故意造成,或明知可能造成损害而轻率地采取的行为或不行为所引起,该承运人的受雇人员或代理人便无权援引本条各项规定。”
第四条
本公约第9条应改为下列规定:
“本公约不影响制约核损害责任的任何国际公约或国内法的规定。” 第五条
本公约第10条应改为下列规定:
“本公约各项规定,应适用于在两个不同国家港口之间与货物运输有关的每一提单,如果:
(a)提单在某一缔约国签发;或者 (b)货物从某一缔约国港口起运;或者
(c)被提单所包含或所证明的合同受本公约各项规定或者给予这些规定以法律效力的任一国家立法的约束,而不论船舶、承运人、托运人、收货人或任何其他关系人的国籍如何。
每一缔约国应将本公约各项规定适用于上述提单。
本条规定不禁止缔约国将本公约适用于未在前述各款中列明的提单。” 第六条
本议定书缔约方之间,公约与议定书应作为一个文件,一并理解和解释。 本议定书的缔约方没有义务将本议定书中各项规定适用于在公约缔约方、但非本议定书缔约方的国家签发的提单。
第七条
在本议定书缔约方之间,任何一方根据公约第15条退出公约,都不应被解释为退出经本议定书修正的本公约。
第
两个或两个以上缔约方就本公约的解释或适用发生争议而未能通过协商解决时,应根据其中一方请示而提交仲裁。自请求提交仲裁之日起六个月内,如当事方就仲裁组织不能达成协议时,任何一方可按照国际的章程,将纠纷提交国际解决。
第九条
1.每一缔约方在签署或批准本议定书或加入本议定书时,可声明其不受本议定书第约束。其他缔约国就与作出这一保留的任何缔约国而言,不受本条约的约束。
2.根据第1款作出保留的任何缔约方,可在任何时间通知比利时撤销其保留。 第十条
本议定书对在1968年2月23日之前批准本公约或加入本公约的各国,以及出席1967-1968年第十二届海洋法外交会议的任何国家开放供签字。
第十一条
1.本议定书须经批准。
2.由非属本公约缔约方的任何国家批准本议定书,具有加入本公约的效力。 3.批准文件应交比利时保存。 第十二条
1.未出席第十二届海洋法外交会议的国家,联合国会员国或者联合国各专门机构成员国,可加入本议定书。
2.加入本议定书,具有加入本公约的效力。 3.加入书应交存比利时。 第十三条
1.本议定书自十份批准书或加入书交存之日起三个月后生效,并且,其中至少应有
五份系由拥有100万或100万总吨以上船舶的国家所交存。
2.本条第1款规定的决定本议定书生效的批准书或加入书交存之日以后,对于批准或加入本议定书的每一个国家,本议定书自其交存批准书或加入书起三个月后生效。
第十四条
1.任何缔约国可通知比利时退出本议定书。 2.此种退出具有退出本公约的效力。
3.此种退出自比利时收到通知之日起一年后生效。 第十五条
1.任何缔约国可在签署、批准或加入之时,或在此后任何时间,以送交比利时的书面通知,声明本议定书适用至处于在其主权之下或由其负责国际关系的领土。
2.如果本公约尚未适用于这些领土,则此种适用的扩大也应用于本公约。 3.根据本条第1款作出声明的缔约国,可在此后任何时间通过送交比利时的通知,声明本议定书不再扩大适用于此种领土。此种退出应自比利时收到该通知之日起一年后生效。此种退出也应适用于本公约。
第十六条
各缔约方可通过赋予本议定书以法律效力,或以国内立法相适应的方式在国内法中订入本议定书所采用的各项规定,而使本议定书生效。
第十七条
比利时应将下列事项通知出席1967-1968年第十二届海洋法外交会议的各国,本议定书各参加国及本公约各缔约国:
1.根据第10条、第11条及第12条收到的签署、批准和加入书; 2.根据第13条规定,本议定书将生效的日期; 3.根据第15条规定,有关领土适用的通知; 4.根据第14条收到的退出文件。
下列署名的各全权代表,经正式授权,签署本公约,以昭信守。
本议定书于1968年2月23日订于布鲁塞尔,正本一份,用法文和英文写成,两种文本具有同等效力,应存于比利时档案库,经核证无误的副本由比利时分发。
PROTOCOLTOAMENDTHEINTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONFORTHEUNIFICATIONOF CERTAINRULESOFLAWRELATINGTOBILLSOFLADING
(“VISBYRULES”)
(Brussels,23February1968)
THECONTRACTINGPARTIES,
CONSIDERINGthatitisdesirabletoamendtheInternationalConventionfortheunificationofcertainrulesoflawrelatingtoBillsofLading,signedatBrusselson25thAugust1924,
HAVEAGREEDasfollows:
Article1
(1)InArticle3,paragraph4,shallbeadded:
\"However,prooftothecontraryshallnotbeadmissiblewhentheBillofLadinghasbeentransferredtoathirdpartyactingingoodfaith\".
(2)InArticle3,paragraph6,sub-paragraph4shallbedeletedandreplacedby:
\"Subjecttoparagraph6bisthecarrierandtheshipshallinanyeventbedischargedfromallliabilitywhatsoeverinrespectofthegoods,unlesssuitisbroughtwithinoneyearoftheirdeliveryorofthedatewhentheyshouldhavebeendelivered.Thisperiodmay,however,beextendedifthepartiessoagreeafterthecauseofactionhasarisen\".
(3)InArticle3,afterparagraph6,shallbeaddedthefollowingparagraph6bis:
\"AnactionforindemnityagainstathirdpersonmaybebroughtevenaftertheexpirationoftheyearprovidedforintheprecedingparagraphifbroughtwithinthetimeallowedbythelawoftheCourtseizedofthecase.However,thetimeallowedshallbenotlessthanthreemonths,commencingfromthedaywhenthepersonbringingsuchactionforindemnityhassettledtheclaimorhasbeenservedwithprocessintheactionagainsthimself\".
Article2
Article4,paragraph5,shallbedeletedandreplacedbythefollowing:
\"(a)UnlessthenatureandvalueofsuchgoodshavebeendeclaredbytheshipperbeforeshipmentandinsertedintheBillofLading,neitherthecarriernortheshipshallinanyeventbeorbecomeliableforanylossordamagetoorinconnectionwiththegoodsinanamountexceedingtheequivalentof10,000francsperpackageorunitor30francsperkiloofgrossweightofthegoodslostordamaged,whicheveristhehigher.
(b)Thetotalamountrecoverableshallbecalculatedbyreferencetothevalueofsuchgoodsattheplaceandtimeatwhichthegoodsaredischargedfromtheshipinaccordancewiththecontractorshouldhavebeensodischarged.
Thevalueofthegoodsshallbefixedaccordingtothecommodityexchangeprice,or,iftherebenosuchprice,accordingtothecurrentmarketprice,or,iftherebenocommodityexchangepriceorcurrentmarketprice,byreferencetothenormalvalueofgoodsofthesamekindandquality.
(c)Whereacontainer,palletorsimilararticleoftransportisusedtoconsolidategoods,thenumberofpackagesorunitsenumeratedintheBillofLadingaspackedinsucharticleoftransportshallbedeemedthenumberofpackagesorunitsforthepurposeofthisparagraphasfarasthesepackagesorunitsareconcerned.Exceptasaforesaidsuchar
ticleoftransportshallbeconsideredthepackageorunit.
(d)Afrancmeansaunitconsistingof65.5milligrammesofgoldofmillesimalfineness900'.ThedateofconversionofthesumawardedintonationalcurrenciesshallbegovernedbythelawoftheCourtseizedofthecase.
(e)Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallbeentitledtothebenefitofthelimitationofliabilityprovidedforinthisparagraphifitisprovedthatthedamageresultedfromanactoromissionofthecarrierdonewithintenttocausedamage,orrecklesslyandwithknowledgethatdamagewouldprobablyresult.
(f)Thedeclarationmentionedinsub-paragraph(a)ofthisparagraph,ifembodiedintheBillofLading,shallbeprimafacieevidence,butshallnotbebindingorconclusiveonthecarrier.
(g)Byagreementbetweenthecarrier,masteroragentofthecarrierandtheshipperothermaximumamountsthanthosementionedinsub-paragraph(a)ofthisparagraphmaybefixed,providedthatnomaximumamountsofixedshallbelessthantheappropriatemaximummentionedinthatsub-paragraph.
(h)Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallberesponsibleinanyeventforlossordamageto,orinconnectionwith,goodsifthenatureorvaluethereofhasbeenknowinglymis-statedbytheshipperintheBillofLading\".
Article3
BetweenArticles4and5oftheConventionshallbeinsertedthefollowingArticle4bis:
\"1.ThedefencesandlimitsofliabilityprovidedforinthisConventionshallapplyinanyactionagainstthecarrierinrespectoflossordamagetogoodscoveredbyacontractofcarriagewhethertheactionbefoundedincontractorintort.
2.Ifsuchanactionisbroughtagainstaservantoragentofthecarrier(suchservantoragentnotbeinganindependentcontractor),suchservantoragentshallbeentitledtoavailhimselfofthedefencesandlimitsofliabilitywhichthecarrierisentitledtoinvokeunderthisConvention.
3.Theaggregateoftheamountsrecoverablefromthecarrier,andsuchservantsandagents,shallinnocaseexceedthelimitprovidedforinthisConvention.
4.Nevertheless,aservantoragentofthecarriershallnotbeentitledtoavailhimselfoftheprovisionsofthisArticle,ifitisprovedthatthedamageresultedfromanactoromissionoftheservantoragentdonewithintenttocausedamageorrecklesslyandwithknowledgethatdamagewouldprobablyresult\".
Article4
Article9oftheConventionshallbedeletedandreplacedbythefollowing: \"ThisConventionshallnotaffecttheprovisionsofanyinternationalConventionornationallawgoverningliabilityfornucleardamage\".
Article5
Article10oftheConventionshallbedeletedandreplacedbythefollowing: \"TheprovisionsofthisConventionshallapplytoeveryBillofLadingrelatingtothecarriageofgoodsbetweenportsintwodifferentStatesif:
(a)theBillofLadingisissuedinaContractingState,or (b)thecarriageisfromaportinaContractingState,or
(c)thecontractcontainedinorevidencedbytheBillofLadingprovidesthattherulesofthisConventionorlegislationofanyStategivingeffecttothemaretogovernthecontract
whatevermaybethenationalityoftheship,thecarrier,theshipper,theconsignee,
oranyotherinterestedperson.
EachContractingStateshallapplytheprovisionsofthisConventiontotheBillsofLadingmentionedabove.
ThisArticleshallnotpreventaContractingStatefromapplyingtherulesofthisConventiontoBillsofLadingnotincludedintheprecedingparagraphs\".
Article6
AsbetweenthePartiestothisProtocoltheConventionandtheProtocolshallbereadandinterpretedtogetherasonesingleinstrument.
APartytothisProtocolshallhavenodutytoapplytheprovisionsofthisProtocoltoBillsofLadingissuedinaStatewhichisaPartytotheConventionbutwhichisnotaPartytothisProtocol.
Article7
AsbetweenthePartiestothisProtocol,denunciationbyanyofthemoftheConventioninaccordancewithArticle15thereof,shallnotbeconstruedinanywayasadenunciationoftheConventionasamendedbythisProtocol.
Article8
AnydisputebetweentwoormoreContractingPartiesconcerningtheinterpretationorapplicationoftheConventionwhichcannotbesettledthroughnegotiation,shall,attherequestofoneofthem,besubmittedtoarbitration.IfwithinsixmonthsfromthedateoftherequestforarbitrationthePartiesareunabletoagreeontheorganizationofthearbitration,anyoneofthosePartiesmayreferthedisputetotheInternationalCourtofJusticebyrequestinconformitywiththeStatuteoftheCourt.
Article9
(1)EachContractingPartymayatthetimeofsignatureorratificationofthisProt
ocoloraccessionthereto,declarethatitdoesnotconsideritselfboundbyArticle8ofthisProtocol.TheotherContractingPartiesshallnotbeboundbythisArticlewithrespecttoanyContractingPartyhavingmadesuchareservation.
(2)AnyContractingPartyhavingmadeareservationinaccordancewithparagraph1mayatanytimewithdrawthisreservationbynotificationtotheBelgianGovernment.
Article10
ThisProtocolshallbeopenforsignaturebytheStateswhichhaveratifiedtheConventionorwhichhaveadheredtheretobeforethe23rdFebruary1968,andbyanyStaterepresentedatthetwelfthsession(1967-1968)oftheDiplomaticConferenceonMaritimeLaw.
Article11
(1)ThisProtocolshallberatified.
(2)RatificationofthisProtocolbyanyStatewhichisnotaPartytotheConventionshallhavetheeffectofaccessiontotheConvention.
(3)TheinstrumentsofratificationshallbedepositedwiththeBelgianGovernment.
Article12
(1)States,MembersoftheUnitedNationsorMembersofthespecializedagenciesoftheUnitedNations,notrepresentedatthetwelfthsessionoftheDiplomaticConferenceonMaritimeLaw,mayaccedetothisProtocol.
(2)AccessiontothisProtocolshallhavetheeffectofaccessiontotheConvention. (3)TheinstrumentsofaccessionshallbedepositedwiththeBelgianGovernment.
Article13
(1)ThisProtocolshallcomeintoforcethreemonthsafterthedateofthedepositofteninstrumentsofratificationoraccession,ofwhichatleastfiveshallhavebeendepositedbyStatesthathaveeachatonnageequalorsuperiortoonemilliongrosstonsofto
nnage.
(2)ForeachStatewhichratifiesthisProtocoloraccedestheretoafterthedateofdepositoftheinstrumentofratificationoraccessiondeterminingthecomingintoforcesuchasisstipulatedinparagraph(1)ofthisArticle,thisProtocolshallcomeintoforcethreemonthsafterthedepositofitsinstrumentofratificationoraccession.
Article14
(1)AnyContractingStatemaydenouncethisProtocolbynotificationtotheBelgianGovernment.
(2)ThisdenunciationshallhavetheeffectofdenunciationoftheConvention.
(3)ThedenunciationshalltakeeffectoneyearafterthedateonwhichthenotificationhasbeenreceivedbytheBelgianGovernment.
Article15
(1)AnyContractingStatemayatthetimeofsignature,ratificationoraccessionoratanytimethereafterdeclarebywrittennotificationtotheBelgianGovernmentwhichamongtheterritoriesunderitssovereigntyorforwhoseinternationalrelationsitisresponsible,arethosetowhichthepresentProtocolapplies.
TheProtocolshallthreemonthsafterthedateofthereceiptofsuchnotificationbytheBelgianGovernmentextendtotheterritoriesnamedtherein,butnotbeforethedateofthecomingintoforceoftheProtocolinrespectofsuchState.
(2)ThisextensionalsoshallapplytotheConventionifthelatterisnotyetapplicabletothoseterritories.
(3)AnyContractingStatewhichhasmadeadeclarationunderparagraph(1)ofthisArticlemayatanytimethereafterdeclarebynotificationgiventotheBelgianGovernmentthattheProtocolshallceasetoextendtosuchterritory.Thisdenunciationshal
ltakeeffectoneyearafterthedateonwhichnotificationthereofhasbeenreceivedbytheBelgianGovernment;italsoshallapplytotheConvention.
Article16
TheContractingPartiesmaygiveeffecttothisProtocoleitherbygivingittheforceoflaworbyincludingintheirnationallegislationinaformappropriatetothatlegislationtherulesadoptedunderthisProtocol.
Article17
TheBelgianGovernmentshallnotifytheStatesrepresentedatthetwelfthsession(1967-1968)oftheDiplomaticConferenceonMaritimeLaw,theaccedingStatestothisProtocol,andtheStatesPartiestotheConvention,ofthefollowing:
1.Thesignatures,ratificationsandaccessionsreceivedinaccordancewithArticles10,11and12.
2.ThedateonwhichthepresentProtocolwillcomeintoforceinaccordancewithArticle13.
3.ThenotificationswithregardtotheterritorialapplicationinaccordancewithArticle15.
4.ThedenunciationsreceivedinaccordancewithArticle14.
INWITNESSWHEREOFtheundersignedPlenipotentiaries,dulyauthorized,havesignedthisProtocol.
DONEatBrussels,this23rddayofFebruary1968,intheFrenchandEnglishlanguages,bothtextsbeingequallyauthentic,inasinglecopy,whichshallremaindepositedinthearchivesoftheBelgianGovernment,whichshallissuecertifiedcopies.
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