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戴姆勒-克莱斯勒公司新供应商模型

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维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

的新型供应模式 堇位汽车巨人告诉我们:建造一个结构优化的零部件供应基地将为 优秀的汽车零部件供应商制造商创造更多机会 DaimlerChrysler,S new suppl ier model Building a better supply base will create opportunities for the best suppliers,says the car giant utomotive Manufacturer・汽车工业 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

垒些筻璺 Business management 这些最优秀的整车制造商将享有对不合格零部件夕卜 包业务的第一拒绝权 姆勒一克莱斯勒公司正在重新定义其与零部件供应商之 aimlerCh ry间的关系。这位汽车巨人打算同一些关键零部件的供应 商建立起长期合作关系。它设在美国的分部——美国克 .也正筹备着类似的计划。 sler is豢 the relatio ns hip wit h 似乎汽车行业在每个季度末都会公布一种关于汽车零部件供应 链管理的新模式。各汽车制造厂商在其零部件供给环节所投入的精 力,丝毫不亚千对其消费者提供的服务。但是这些付出是有回报。 much energy into talking to its pa rts suppliers as they do in 并非所有生产日产汽车的欧洲供应商执行其行政主管ca r1 0S Ghosn降低生产成本和推进供应链的信息化管理的计划。尽管如此, 日产汽车最终还是成功实现了扭亏为盈的经营目标。在2005年7pJ至 9PJ期间,该公司销售纯利润高达十亿美元(人民币81亿元) 随着汽车工业国际化步伐的日益加快,在整车销售市场以及零 and streamline the supply chain.Nissan.however.managed 部件供应行业显露出越来越激烈的竞争性 从国际范围看,石油、 树脂及钢材价格的上涨带来不利影响。在每制造一辆新车所耗费的 平均成本中,原材料的费用要占到60 。在美国,人们纷纷加大对 医疗保健领域的投资,进一步加重了汽车行业的竞争压力。这些压 力所带来的负面效应便是相当一部分产品被迫执行负;争价销售。 戴姆勒一克莱斯勒公司希望通过密切与其零部件供应商之间的 联系,来减少在生产后期困工程返工而造成的物资浪费。过去,正 是这些工程返工妨碍了克莱斯勒公司在汽车质量以及成本造价方面 目标的全面实施 据美国克莱斯勒公司总裁Tom LaSorda介绍:“以前克莱斯勒集 团在同供应商展开合作、完成预期任务的过程中,工作做得并不是 some products. 很到位。不论我们具体执行何种标准去挑选并监督零部件供应商。 By working more closely with its suppliers.DaimlerChrysler 显然都需要巩固基础合作关系以便提高经济效能。” 零部件供应商向克莱斯勒公司承诺:只要允许它们的专业人员 更紧密、更及时地参与汽车研发过程。它们就能帮助该公司为消费 者生产出具有更大价值的产品 尽管LaSorda承认此举确有明智之 处,但他仍表示,如果公司准备实施这种更为紧密的供应链管理模 hadn’t done a good enough job of working with suppliers 式。则必然要求其供应商站在汽车制造业的角度思考。 “一些零部件供应商通过研究我们的工程师、采购人员以及营 销主管感兴趣的问题,成功地拓宽了其产品销售渠道,”LaSorda告 诉我们说,“主要包括四个方面需要牢记于心:流程造价、产品质 量、燃油效能以及可定价内饰。” 务必将生产成本最小化的任务尖锐而且无情地分压至零部件供应 商头上.但是如果有消费者认可其产品的增值潜力并愿意花更多的钱 购买,那么也将受到克莱斯勒公司的特别关注。这种根据顾客口昧定 The best suppliers will have the right of first refusal on business re-sourced from Under—pe『-fOrming suppliers 汽车工业・Automotive Manufacturer 99 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

主要包括四个方面需要牢记于心: 工程造价、产品质量、燃油效能以及可定价内饰 制的产品包括:采用高科技蓝牙技术的免提式通信设备。可改善车厢 company is going to work closer with suppliers.then they need 环境的有色玻璃透顶,或者带有MP3播放器功能的导航系统等等。 t0 understand how a ca rmaker thinks. “最重要的是,所有的供应链管理都必须有助于增强我们的 ”Some suppliers could improve thei r sales approach by 竞争力,”克莱斯勒集团负责采购与物资供应的执行副总裁介绍 understanding what ou r engineers.ou r procu rement officers 说,“他们必须帮助我们制定出新的弹性解决方案,以便缩短更优质 and marketing executives need to hear,”he says.”There are 产品的生产周期以满足市场需求 ” fou r main things to keep in mind:cost.qualitY,fuel economy R0senfel d正在审查一份关于密切同供应商联系的实施计 and priceable content.” 划,以广泛建立起戴姆勒 克莱斯勒所定义的“全面整合式合作 Suppliers tommitment to minimise cost needs to be intense 体”(HlPO)。在这种新型经营模式下,一些最优秀的整车制造商将 and relentless.but they wilI also get Ch rysler。s attention if they 在好几方面受益。它们将享有对于质量不合格的外包业务的第一拒 have a featu re that a consumer understands adds vaIue and 绝权.而且也将有机会参与同期货交易相关的早期讨论 will pay more for.Examples of cust0mer—pIeasing content 这也为戴姆勒一克莱斯勒也创造了许多有利条件。该公司计 are things like hands—free communications systems that use 划利用其零部件供应商展开深入的市场调查,以便更好地掌握顾 Bluetooth technology,tinted glass skylights that improve a 客的喜好和需求。“内饰件供应商可以提供关于颜色和材料、车 vehicle s ambiance.or a navigation system that is integ rated 用杯托的数目与安置、数码仪器或模拟装备、铬钢与经过轧光 with an MP3 player. 处理的铝材的比较、或者汽车导向系统的定位等各方面的研究服 。Albove aII suppIier relationships have to contribute to 务,”Rosenfe ld如是说。 OU r competitiveness.”says Peter Rosenfeld.Ch rysler Group s “戴姆勒一克莱斯勒正试图创建一种经营模式。类似于经济学 executive vice-president in charge of procurement and supply. 家Har ry Markowitz所提出的发展策略那样,”Rosenfeld继续向我们 ”Suppliers need to heIP us find new.flexible solutions to get to 解释道,“并把它称为‘效率前缘’ ”通过开发可量化加工工艺,而 market faster with better products.” 不仅仅是把投资收益作为生产指标,可以使投资组合更加彰显其高 效性与多样性。当需要在各种具有相似可能。陛回报的机会中进行选 择时。该模式有利于降低由所作选择而引致的风险 在确定最佳选择方案后,将这些结果绘制成一份投资风险与回 报的曲线图,连接各个选择结果所形成的曲线便构筑起所谓的效率 前缘。实质上。这条曲线是一些表示超出投资成本的资产;争值常量 的点的集合。 “我个人认为同样原理也适用于汽车零部件供应商的投资组 合,”Rosenfeld向我们介绍说,“通过对供应商经常性的检测评估, 我们试图寻求到等量风险条件下具有最高回报能力的合作伙伴。因为 我们希望同那些经受得住商业竞争严酷考验的供应商共事,我们需要 的是真正高水平的业务合作伙伴,而决非满足一时之需的短期工。” Rosenfel d的目标是以绩效评估为依据,选出一组特定配件 的供应商以便与之建立合作关系,其中绩效评估严格按照透明 化和客观性要求管理。戴姆勒一克莱斯勒集团已经设计出大约 240套具竞争力的产品组合,例如,椅座组合、转向传动装置或者照 克莱斯勒公司依靠其零部件供应商推进技术创新,比如有色玻璃的汽车透顶 明设施组合等。 Chrysler looks to suppliers for innovations like tinted glass skylights There are four main things to keep in mind: cost,quality,fuel economy and priceable content I OO Automotive Manufacturer・,.【车工业 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

企业管理 Business monogement Rosenfeld is overseeing a prog阳mme that w…forge stronger relationships with what DaimlerChrvsler calls“highly integ rated pa rtner organisations”.(HI—POs).In the new business mode1.the best suPPliers w…receive several benefits. They w…have the right of fl rst refusal on business re—sourced from under—performing suppliers.They w…also be included in discussion reqardinq futu re business ear¨er. The advantages to DaimlerCh rysler are numerous.1t aims tO take advantage of its suPPliers in-depth ma rket research t0 helP the fi rm better understand customers tastes and requi rements.“An interior supplier might provide research on colou r and materials.the number and placement of cuP— holders.digital or analogue instrumentation.ch rome versus satin-brushed aluminium.or the placement of a navigation system.”says Rosenfeld. . “DaimlerChrysler is bu.1dinq a business model similar to the growth strategy defined by the economist Harrv Markowitz.“ says RosenfeId.“This is called the Efficient Frontier'.”Rather than only ta rgeting income from investments.by developing quantiifable processes.an investment portfolio can be more efficient and diversiifed.When tompa rinq choices with a similar potential retu rn,the approach advocates pursuing the option with the lowest risk. When those choices are optimised and plotted on a risk— and—retu rn qraph.the line connecting these selections makes up the efficient frontier.These are.essentially.a group of equities constantly vyinq for investment capita1. “l believe the same theory is applicable to a supplier portfolio,”saysRosenfeId.“Wea recOnstantlyassessing suppliers. seekinq those that offer the g reatest retu rn for comparable t人员、采办人员以及市场 risk.We want to work with suppliers that are going to su rvive ]的促销手法” s by understanding what the rigours of business.We want genuine high—performers.not ers and marketing boom—and—bust. Rosenfeld‘s qoal is to establish relationships with a select —Tam LaSarda g roup of suppliers based on performance measu res that a re transpa rent and objective.DaimlerChrysler has created a round 莱斯勒都专门设有董事会处理原 240 competitive sets of products.A set could be.for example. 生产、采购、质检及原料供给部 seats-steerIng gears.or llghtIng・ 业设计师或者制造业专家在内。 For each g rouP.DaimlerChrysler has established a boa rd 匿明度,我们将评判标准细分为 of di rectors that makes decisions on SOU rcing.Each boa rd is 供应商补给效能四方面。我们把 composed of representatives from engineering.procu rement- 在网上予以公开,从而使供应商 quality and supply.Specialists from design or manufacturing 集团对它们的评价量化值,以及 join where appropriate. d如是说。 “TOmakesu retheassessment processisfair andtranspa rent. j勺数据在不同供应商中进行比较 we sha re the metrics we use to judge quality,systems cost. E阵图,以“系统成本与科技水 technology and supply performance with suppliers.We post 物资供给”为纵轴。“我们只投 every production supplier s performance on these measures 零部件供应商,并与它们建立关 online.The supplier always knows how DaimlerChrysler views l并非想确立一种所有关系,而仅 them in absolute terms.as wel las relative to tompetitors.“ says Rosenfeld. 汽车工业・Automotive Manufacturer 1 O1 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

戴姆集团勒希一望相反,那些绩效较差的为顶极整车制造商提供零部件的生产企 业,则面临着倒闭或破产的危险。“听上去似乎很残酷,但整车制造 商所处的市场环境本就如此,”Rosenfel d介绍说,“一旦产品质量出 DaimlerCh rvsler uses its data to eompa re and contrast suPPliers.1t maps them on a matrix with“system cost and technology”on the horizontal axis.and”quality and supply’’ plotted on the vertical axis.“The Hl—POs tend to be on the 莱克过通现任何问题,我们可能完全失去该业务领域的消费者。” 斯密然而,大多数零部件供应商都处于图表中间位置,它们是固定 upper right of the graph and we invest in our relationship with 供应商的可能性人选,但是却因存在某项缺陷而无法上升到特级企 them.“says Rosenfeld.“We don t want to own them.we want 勒业的高度。戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司计划同这些供应商合作,共同查 to a row ou r business with them.” 明需要改进的环节,并帮助它们提升效能 Conversely,the poorest-performing companies arc at risk 克莱斯勒集团的其中一种方法是建立质量评定与审计小组( of thei r busi ness bei nq re—sou reed to the best su PPliers.“l t QAAT),主要由该公司选派三到四名QAAT专家与零部件供应商的领导 SOUnds ha rsh.but the market is iust as harsh on carmakers. 管理层构成。这个联合小组先是分步执行评估程序,然后根据检测 says RosenfeId.”If we under—perform in quality,the customer 到的系统问题提出解决方案。存在的问题最终可能涉及各个生产领 simply takes their business elsewhere.” 域,其中包括产品开发、业务营运、物资采购或者供应链管理等。 Most suppliers.however,w…rank somewhere in the middle. OAAT将工作重点放在提高质量与优化运送流程上。在评估期 They w…be solid performers.but have experienced an isolated 间,克莱斯勒集团将向其零部件供应商提供人员、技术,同时要求 problem that prevents them frOm rankinq as hiqhlV as the elite 对方给予支持。“说实在的,一些加入此方案的供应商对我们的动机 cornpanies.DaimlerCh rysler plans to work togethe r with these 表示怀疑,”LaSorda向我们透露,“但是一旦它们认清这种构想的建 if rms to identify jointly a reas for improvement and plans to 设性意义,通常其观点就会发生改变。” upg rade their performance. 这种…一P0结构模式也不一定就只适合千大型供应企业。对于 One way Chrysler is doing this is through its QualitV 专业化的零部件制造商同样也奏效。Ha rmon汽车玻璃制造厂本是戴 Assessment and Audit Team(QAAT).The process involves 姆勒一克莱斯勒集团下属的一家配件承包公司,但随着经营规模的 sendinq in th ree or four QAAT speeialists to work with leaders 日渐增大,现在该公司打破集团、与梅要德斯一奔驰公司开展 and management from the suPPlie 更大规模的业务合作。同样地,美国Gentex公司是一家专门生产防 This ioint team ca rries out a deta_led operational assessment 闪光镜面材料的零部件供应商,通过与克莱斯勒集团合作开发出大 and then develops a plan that add resses systemie iSSUeS.The 量改进型产品,畅销欧洲消费市场。 troubles might eventually be traced to any number of a reas, 然而作为一个国际性的商业品牌.戴姆勒一克莱斯勒不可避免 including product development,operations.procurement. 地偏向千与其他零部件供应商合作。在各大洲建立不同的供应 material handling.or supply chain management. 商联系通常会增加其竞争优势。“中国以及亚洲在全球范围内面临着 QAAlT s focus is on improving quality and delivery.Chrysler 巨大的竞争威胁,”LaSorda向我们解释说,“因而这些地区的零部件 invests its own resou rees and sk…s.and in tu rn asks the supplier 供应商必须抢先千竞争对手或客户,彻底改革其经营模式。” to provide support du rinq the assessment and to implement the improvements. “Frankly,some suppliers have entered the prog ramme suspicious about ou r motives.“says LaSorda.”But their view usually changes once they can see ou r intentions a re constructive.” The Hl—PO system does not necessa rily favou r onlY the very largest suppliers either.Specialist companies can do wel ltoo.Glass supplier Harmon Automotive sta rted out supplying to Chrysler.but has expanded its business within the DaimlerChrysler grouP.1t now does more business with Mereedes—Benz than Chrysler.Simila rly.US firm Gentex.a supplier speeialising in self-dimming mi rrors has developed a number of innovative products and won business in Europe through the g roup. But as an nternational business.DaimlerChrysler w… inevitably tend to favou r the multinational suppliers.SuPPliers that operate in different eontinents wil lusually have a competitive edge.“The global competitive th reats of China and Asia a rc very rea1.”says LaSorda.“Suppliers must reinvent thei r business before their eompetitors or thei r eustomers do so.“■ 02 Automotive Manufacturer・,-【车工业 坍

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