2007年专八词汇独家秘籍1

excessive (TEM4) [ikˈsesiv] adj.

Greater than what seems reasonable or appropriate过分的；过度的

They complained about the excessive noise coming from the upstairs flat.他们抱怨楼上发出的噪音太大。

派生词汇：excess n. 超过，过分

adj. 超额的，额外的，过度的

sanction (TEM4) [ˈsæŋkʃən] n.

An official order that limits trade, contact, etc. with a particular country, in order to make it do sth, such as obeying international law. 制裁

Trade sanctions were imposed against any country that refused to sign the agreement. 凡拒签该协议的国家均受到贸易制裁。

Official permission or approval for an action or a change. 许可，批准 必背搭配：impose a sanction on

派生词汇：sanctify v. 使合法化，批准，认可

approve (TEM4) [əˈpru:v] V.

To think that sb/sth is good, acceptable or suitable. 赞成，同意

He doesn’t approve of me leaving school this year. 他不同意我今年离校。

To officially agree to a plan, proposal, request, etc. 批准， 通过（计划，提案，要求） The committee unanimously approved the plan. 委员会一致通过了计划。 必背搭配：approve of sb/sth

派生词汇：approval n. 同意，批准 disapprove v. 不同意，反对，disapproval n. 不赞成

treaty (TEM4) [ˈtri:ti] n.

a formal agreement between two or more countries (国家之间的)条约；协定 a peace treaty 和平协定

必背搭配：to draw up/sign/ratify a treaty 起草/签署/正式批准条约

authorize (TEM4) [ˈɔ:θəraiz] v.

to give official permission or power to do sth; the act of giving permission 批准，授权

I can authorize payments up to ￡5000. 我有权批准限额为5000英镑的付款。

派生词汇：author n. 作者，作家 authoritative adj. 权威性的 authority n. 当权者，官方 authorization n. 批准，授权

ultimate (TEM4) [ˈʌltimit] adj.

happening at the end of a long process 最后的，最终的，终极的

The ultimate decision lies with the parents. 最后的决定权握在父母手中。

Most extreme ;best; worst; greatest; most important, etc 极端的，最好（或坏，伟大，重要等） This race will be the ultimate test of your skill.这次竞赛将是对你的技能的最大考验。 派生词汇：ultimatum 最后通牒

reverse (TEM4) [riˈvə:s] v.

to change sth completely so that it is the opposite of what it was before 颠倒，彻底转变，使完全相反

The government has failed to reverse the economic decline.未能扭转经济滑坡的趋势。 n. the opposite of what has just been mentioned （相反的情况或事物） This problem is the reverse of the previous one. 这个问题和上个问题相反。

派生词汇：reversal n. 颠倒，彻底转变 reversible adj. 可逆的，可恢复原状的，可医治的 irreversible adj. 不可逆转的，不可恢复原状的

resurgence (TEM8) [riˈsə:dʒəns] n.

the return and growth of an activity that has stopped 复苏；复兴

a resurgence of interest in the artist’s work 对这位艺术家的作品再次表现出兴趣 派生词汇：resurgent adj. 复兴的，再度流行的

sweeping (TEM8) [ˈswi:piŋ] adj.

having an important effect on a larger part of sth影响广泛的，大范围的，根本性的 sweeping reforms/ changes 全面改革，彻底变化 sweeping victory （在投票等中）大胜，全胜 派生词汇： sweep v. 打扫，清扫

convene (TEM8) [kənˈvi:n] v.

to arrange for people to come together for a formal meeting 召集，召开（正式会议） A board of Inquiry were convened immediately after the accident.事故后调查委员会立即召开了会议。

派生词汇：convener n. 会议召集人 convention n. 会议，习俗

Exercise

从Group1 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。 The accounts she borrowed were not . . Do you of my idea?

I have him to act for me while I am away. It is sometimes possible to arrest or the disease. The committee will at 11:30 next Thursday.

Group 2 devolution (TEM8) [ˈdi:vəlu:ʃən] n.

The act of giving power from a central authority or government to an authority or a government in a local region (向地方的) 权力下放，权力转移，分权

A supporter of devolution for Scotland 向苏格兰分权的支持者

必背搭配：devolve sth to/on/upon sb （将职责，责任，权力等）移交，转交，委任 派生词汇：devolve v. (财产，金钱等遗产)转给，移交；（职责，责任等）交由…接替，委托…承担 devolved adj. 已移交的，已下放的，委任的

brag (TEM4) [bræg] v.

To talk too proudly about sth you own or sth you have done 吹嘘，自吹自擂 He bragged to his friends about the crime. 他向朋友炫耀他的罪行。 必背搭配： brag to sb about/of sth

派生词汇：braggart n. 吹牛大王，自吹自擂者

legislative (TEM4) [ˈledʒislətiv] adj.

connected with the act of making and passing laws 立法的，制定法律的 A legislative assembly/council 立法议会/委员会

派生词汇：legislate v. 制定法律，立法 legislation n. 法规，法律 legislator n.立法委员 legislature n.立法机关

implement (TEM4) [ˈimplimənt] v.

To make sth that has been officially decided to start to happen or to be used 使生效，贯彻，执行，实施

To implement changes/ decisions 实行变革，执行决议 派生词汇： implementation n. 执行，实施

centrifugal [senˈtrifjugəl] adj.

Moving or tending to move away form a center 离心的 派生词汇： centrifugal force 离心力 centrifuge 离心机

overwhelming (TEM4) [ˈəuvəˈwelmiŋ] adj.

Very great or very strong; so powerful that you can not resist it or decide how to react 巨大的，压倒性的，无法抵抗的

The evidence against him was overwhelming. 对他不利的证据无法抵赖.

派生词汇： overwhelm v. (感情或感觉)充溢，难以禁受； 压倒，击败，征服

scrape (TEM4) [skreip] v.

To remove sth from a surface by moving sth sharp and hard like a knife across it 刮掉；削去 She scraped the mud off her boots. 她刮掉了靴子上的泥。

To manage to win or to get sth with difficulty 艰难取得，勉强获得

The team scraped a narrow victory last year. 这支队伍去年险胜。

必背搭配：scrape by/on sth (靠)勉强维持生计，糊口 scrape in/into sth 勉强获得（工作，职位，入学资格等）

派生词汇：scraper n. 刮刀，铲子

turnout (TEM8) [ˈtə:nˈaut] n.

The number of people who attend a particular event. 出席人数；到场人数

This year’s festival attracted a record turnout. 今年的节日吸引的参加者之多创了记录。 The number of people who vote in a particular election. 投票人数 A 60% turnout of voters. 60%的投票率。

派生词汇：turnover n. 营业额，人事变更率 turnpike n. 收费公路

proportionate [prəˈpɔ:ʃəneit ] adj.

Increasing or decreasing in size, amount or degree according to changes in sth else 成比例的，相应的，相称的

The number of accidents is proportionate to the increased volume of traffic. 交通事故的数字与交通量的增长成正比。

必背搭配： be proportionate to sth

派生词汇： proportion n. 部分，份额，比例 proportional adj. 相称的，成比例的，均衡的

counterpart (TEM4) [ˈkauntəpɑ:t] n.

A person or thing that has the same position or function as sb/sth else in different place or situation 职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物

The Foreign Minister held talks with his Chinese counterpart. 外交与中国的外交举行了会谈。

派生词汇：counter n. (商店，银行等的)柜台 counteract v. 抵制，抵消 counterattack v. 反功，反击 counterfeit adj. 伪造的，假冒的

Exercise

从Group2 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。

The central government most tax-raising powers to the regional authorities. The majority of those present were in favor of the plan. Sorry, I’ve some paint off the car. Increasing costs resulted in increases in prices.

The women’s shoe, like its’ male , is especially designed for the serious tennis player.

Group 3

enact（TEM4）[iˈnækt] v. To pass a law 通过（法律）

Legislation enacted by parliament 由议会通过的法律 To perform a play or act a part in a play 扮演；演出

Scenes from history enacted by local residents. 由当地居民参加演出的历史场面 派生词汇：enactment n. (法律，法令，法案的)制定，通过

figurehead (TEM8) [ˈfigəhed] n.

A person who is in a high position in a country or an organization but who has no real power or authority 有名无实的领导人，傀儡

chamber (TEM4) [ˈtʃeimbə] n.

A hall in a public building that is used for formal meeting 会议厅 The members left the council chamber. 议员们离开了会议厅。

派生词汇：chambermaid n. (通常指旅馆内)打扫房间的女工 Chamber of Commerce 商会

transform (TEM4) [trænsˈfɔ:m] v.

To change the form of something 使改变形态

The photochemical reaction transforms the light into electrical impulse. 光化学反应使光变为电脉冲。

To completely change the appearance or character of sth, especially so that it is better 使改变外观（或性质）；使改观 It was an event that would transform my life. 那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。 必背搭配： transform sh/sb into sth

派生词汇： transformer n.变压器 transformation n. (彻底的)变化，改观，改革

grant (TEM4) [grɑ:nt] v.

To agree to give sb what they ask for , especially formal or legal permission too do sth （尤指正式地或法律上）同意，批准，允许

The bank finally granted a ￡500 loan to me. 银行终于同意给我贷款500英镑。

To admit that sth is true, although you may not like or agree with it （勉强）承认，同意 She’s a smart woman, I grant you, but she is no genius. 我同意你的观点，她是一个很聪明的女人，但绝不是天才。

必背搭配：grant sth to sb/sth take it for granted that 认为…是俚所当然的 take sb/sth for granted 对…不予重视，把…不当回事

boost (TEM8) [bu:st] v. /n.

①to make sth increase, or become better or more successful 使增长，使兴旺 Getting that job did a lot to boost his ego. 得到那份工作使他信心倍增。 ②Sth that helps or encourages sb/sth 帮助，激励

The tax cuts will give a much needed boost to the economy. 减税将给经济带来迫切需要的动力。

派生词汇： booster n. 帮助（激励或改善的）事物

self-esteem [ˈselfiˈsti:m] n.

A feeling of being happy with your own character or abilities. 自尊心 You need to build your self-esteem. 你需要树立自尊心。

icon (TEM8) [ˈaikɔn] n.

A small symbol on a computer screen that represents a program or a file 图标，图符 Click on the printer icon with the mouse. 用鼠标点击打印机图标。

A famous person or thing that people admire and see as a symbol of a particular idea, way of life, etc. 崇拜对象，偶像

Madonna and other pop icons of the 1980s 麦当娜以及其他20世纪80年代的流行音乐偶像 派生词汇： iconic adj. 符号的，图标的，偶像的 iconoclast n. 反传统者

indigenous (TEM8) [inˈdidʒənəs] adj.

Belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it from somewhere else 本地的，当地的 The indigenous languages of the area 该地区的语言

marsh (TEM4) [mɑ:ʃ] n.

An area of low land that is always soft and wet because there is nowhere for the water to flow away to 湿地，沼泽，

Cows were grazing on the marches. 牛群在湿地上吃草。 派生词汇： marshy adj. 沼泽的

vogue (TEM8) [vəug] n.

A fashion for sth. 流行，时髦，风行

The vogue for child-centered education. 以孩子为中心的教育潮流。 必背搭配： be in vogue

Exercise

从Group3 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。 A new color scheme will your bedroom. I was permission to visit the palace. The movie helped her screen career. The kangaroo is to Australia. Black is in again.

Group 4

compatriot (TEM8) [kəmˈpætriət] n.

A person who was born in, or is a citizen of, the same country as sb else 同胞，同国人 He played against one of his compatriots in the semi-final.他在半决赛中与他的一位同胞选手对垒。

jersey [ˈdʒə:zi] n.

A knitted woolen or cotton piece of clothing for the upper part of the body, with long sleeves and no buttons. 针织套头毛衣，（毛或棉的）运动套杉

venue (TEM4) [ˈvenju] n.

A place where people meet for an organized event, for example a concert, sporting event or conference 聚会场所(如音乐厅、体育比赛场馆、会场)

Please note the change of the venue for this event. 请注意：此次比赛易地进行。

genetic (TEM4) [dʒiˈnetik] adj.

Connected with genes or genetics 基因的，遗传学的

Genetic and environmental factors 遗传和环境因素

派生词汇：genesis n. 开端，起源 genetics n. 遗传学 geneticist n. 遗传学家 genetic engineering 遗传工程 genetic code 遗传密码

mentality (TEM4) [menˈtæliti] n.

The particular attitude or way of thinking of a person or group 心态，思想状况，思想方法 A criminal mentality 犯罪心态

派生词汇： mental adj. 思想的，精神的，智力的 mentally adv. 精神上，智力上，思想上

hilarious (TEM8) [həˈleəriəs] adj. Extremely funny 极其滑稽的

Lynn found the whole situation hilarious. 林恩觉得这一切都非常滑稽。

派生词汇：hilarity 欢闹，狂欢

dog-eared (TEM8) [dɔg iəd] adj.

(of a book) used so much that the corners of many of the pages are turned down 卷角的，翻旧了的

She borrowed a dog-eared book from the school library. 她从学校图书官借了本翻旧了的书。

amble [ˈæmbəl] v.

To walk at a slow relaxed speed. 缓行，漫步

We ambled down to the beach. 我们漫步向海滩走去。

satchel (TEM4) [sætʃə] n.

A leather bag that you hang over your shoulder or wear on your back, that children used to use for carrying their books to school. （旧时）皮书包，肩背书包。

grenade (TEM4) [griˈneid] n.

A small bomb that can be thrown by hand or fired from a gun. 手榴弹

Exercise

从Group4 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。

The band will be playing at twenty different on their tour. I can not understand the of football hooligans. Do you know Peter? He is .

He wore a black during the competition to stand out. Tom works so hard at school that you may find that all his textbooks are .

Group 5

witness (TEM4) [ˈwitnis] v./n.

①A person who sees sth happen and is able to describe it to other people. 目击者，见证人 Police have appealed for witnesses to the accident.警方呼吁这个事故的目击者出来作证。 ② a person who gives evidence in a court of law 证人

a defence /prosecution witness 被告的/原告的证人

③ to see sth happen because you are there when it happens 当场看到，目击

She was shocked by the violent scenes she had witnessed. 她被亲眼目睹的暴虐场面惊呆了。 ④to be the place, period, organization etc. in which particular events take place 见证 The retail trade is witnessing a sharp fall in sales. 零售业的销售额在急剧下降。 必背搭配： be (a) witness to sth 目击 bear/ give witness to sth 为…作证，证明

anthrax [ˈænθræks ] n.

A serious disease that affects sheep and cows and sometimes people and can cause death. 炭疽 （牛羊疾病，人偶得，可致命）

grin (TEM4) [grin] v./n.

①to smile widely 露齿而笑，咧嘴笑

She grinned amiably at us. 她咧着嘴向我们亲切地微笑。 ②a wide smile 露齿的笑，咧着嘴的笑 She gave a broad grin. 她咧着嘴大笑。

swig [swig] v./n.

①to take a quick drink of sth, especially alcohol 大口喝（酒等）

They sat around swigging beers from bottles. 他们闲坐着，对着瓶子大口地喝啤酒。 ②n.

She took a swig of wine and lit a cigarette. 她喝了一大口葡萄酒，然后点燃一枝香烟。

wield (TEM8) [wi:ld] v.

To have and use power, authority etc. 运用，支配（权力等） She wields enormous power within the party. 她操纵着党内大权。

ballot (TEM4) [ˈbælət] n./v.

①the system of voting in writing and usually in secret; an occasion on which a vote is held.（无记名）投票选举，投票表决

the chairperson is chosen by secret ballot.是通过无记名投票选举产生的。

②to ask sb to vote in writing and secretly about sth 要求某人（对某事）无记名投票

The union balloted its members on the proposed changes. 工会要求委员会对所提议的变革进

行无记名投票。

必背搭配：ballot sb on sth

abstention (TEM8) [əbˈstenʃən] n.

An act of choosing not to use a vote either in favor of or against sth 弃权（不投票）

The voting was 15 in favor, 3 against and 2 abstention. 表决结果是15人赞成，3人反对，2人弃权。

派生词汇：abstain v. （投票时）弃权 abstinence n. 节制，禁欲

municipal (TEM4) [mju:ˈnisipəl] adj.

Connected with or belonging to a town, city or district that has its own local government 市政的， 地方的

Municipal elections/councils 地方选举，市政委员会 派生词汇：municipality n. 自治市，自治区

mustachioed [məˈstɑ:ʃiəud] adj.

Having large moustache with curls at the ends 有蓬松大胡子的 派生词汇： mustachio n. 胡子

furious (TEM4) [ˈfjuəriəs] adj. ①Very angry 狂怒的，暴怒的

She was absolutely furious at having been deceived.她受了骗，怒不可遏。 ②with great energy, speed or anger 激烈的，猛烈的，高速的 She drove off at a furious pace. 她飞驰而去。 派生词汇：fury n. 狂怒，暴怒

Exercise

从Group5 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。 We have a to the killing.

They with delight when they heard our news. The union can not call a strike unless it holds a of members. The man is the captain of the soccer team.

We were when we were overcharged by the snobby shop assistant.

Group 6

emir (TEM8) [eˈmiə] n.

The title given to some Muslim rulers 埃米尔（对某些穆斯林统治者的尊称） The Emir of Kuwait 科威特的埃米尔

派生词汇：emirate n. 埃米尔的管辖地，埃米尔的职位

thwart (TEM4) [θwɔ:t] v.

To prevent sb from doing what they want to do 阻止，阻扰 To thwart sb’s palns 阻扰某人实现计划

fret (TEM8) [fret] v.

To be worried or unhappy and not able to relax苦恼，烦躁，焦虑不安 Fretting about it won’t help.苦恼于事无补。 必背搭配： fret about/over sth

派生词汇：fretful adj. 烦躁的，苦恼的

sweeping (TEM4) [ˈswi:piŋ] adj.

Having an important effect on a large part of sth 影响广泛的，大范围的，根本性的 Sweeping reforms/changes 全面改革/彻底变化 派生词汇：sweep v. 打扫，清扫

conservative (TEM4) [kənˈsə:vətiv] adj.

Opposed to great or sudden social change; showing that you prefer traditional styles and values 保守的，守旧的

Her style of dress was never conservative. 她的服装式样一点儿也不保守。

派生词汇：conserve v. 节省，保护，保存 conservation n.保护 conservatory n. （靠房屋一侧的用玻璃建造的）温室，暖房

obsession (TEM8) [əbˈseʃən] n.

The state in which a person’s mind is completely filled with thoughts of one particular thing or person so that they can’t think of anything. 痴迷，着魔，困扰

The media’s obsession with the young prince continues. 新闻媒体继续对小王子进行连篇累牍的报道。

必背搭配：obsession with/about sb/sth

派生词汇： obsess v. 使痴迷，使迷恋 obsessive adj. 着迷的，难以释怀的

opt (TEM8) [ɔpt] v.

To choose to take or not to take a particular course of action 选择，挑选

After graduating she opted for a career in music.毕业后她选择了从事音乐工作。 必背搭配：opt for/against sth 选择做或不做某事 opt in(to sth)选择参与 opt out (of sth) 选择不参加

派生词汇：option n. 选择，可选的事物 optional adj. 可选择的，选修的

spangle [ˈspæŋgəl] v. /n.

①to cover sth or to decorate sth with small piece of sth shiny 用闪光片布满（或装饰） ②a small piece of shiny metal or plastic used to decorate clothes (装饰服饰的)闪光金属片，闪光塑料片

a dress covered with red spangles 缀满红色闪光片的连衣裙

alas (TEM4) [əˈlæs] int.

Exclamation used to show you are sad or sorry. (表示悲伤或遗憾)哎呀，唉

For many people, alas, hunger is part of everyday life.唉，对很多人来说，挨饿是家常便饭。

archipelago (TEM8) [ˈɑ:kiˈpeləgəu] n.

A group of islands and the sea surrounding them 群岛，列岛

Exercise

从Group6 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。

She was in her attempt to take control of the party. Her baby starts to as soon as she goes out of the room. Security forces were given powers to search homes. Her fear of flying is bordering on . Many workers to leave their jobs rather than take a pay cut.

Group 7

civic (TEM4) [ˈsivik] adj.

①Officially connected with a town or city市政的，城市的 Civic buildings/leaders 市政建筑、领导人

②connected with the people who live in a town or city a sense of civic pride 作为某市市民的自豪感

派生词汇：civics n. 公民学，市政学 civil adj. 国民的，平民的，民事的 civilian n. 平民，老百姓

flirtation (TEM8) [flə:ˈteiʃən] n.

Behaviors that show you find sb sexually attractive but are not serious about them 调情

Frank’s efforts at flirtations had become tiresome to her. 弗兰克一个劲地打情骂俏使得她非常厌倦。

必背搭配：flirtation with sb

派生词汇： flirt v. 调情 flirtatious adj. 卖弄风情的，打情骂俏的

infrared (TEM8) [ˈinfrəˈred] adj.

Having or using electromagnetic waves which are longer than those of red light in the spectrum, and which can not be seen红外线的；使用红外线的 Infrared radiation 红外线辐射

glitter (TEM4) [ˈglitə] v./n.

①To shine brightly with little flashes of light, like a diamond 闪亮，闪耀；光彩夺目 The ceiling of the cathedral glittered with gold. 大教堂的天花板金光闪闪。 ②bright light consisting of many little flashes.灿烂的光辉，闪烁 There are triumphant glitters in his eyes. 他眼睛里闪烁着胜利的光辉。 派生词汇：glittering adj. 辉煌的，成功的 glitterati n. 时髦人物，风云人物

puff (TEM4) [pʌf] v.

①To smoke a cigarette, pipe, etc 吸，抽(香烟，烟斗等)

He puffed (away) on his pipe.他（一口一口地）吸着烟斗。

②to make smoke or steam blow out in clouds, to blow out in clouds 使喷出，冒出（烟或蒸汽等） Chimneys were puffing out clouds of smoke. 烟囱冒着滚滚浓烟。 必背搭配：puff at/on sth

派生词汇： puffed adj. 气喘吁吁，上气不接下气

grumble (TEM4) [ˈgrʌmbəl] v.

To complain about sb/sth in a bad-tempered way 咕哝，发牢骚 They kept grumbling that they were cold. 他们不停地嘟嚷着说冷。 必背搭配：grumble at/to sb about/at sb/sth

派生词汇：grumbling n. 咕哝，发牢骚 grump n. 脾气坏的人 grumpy adj. 脾气坏的

encounter (TEM4) [inˈkauntə] v./n.

①to experience sth especially sth unpleasant or difficult, while you are trying to do sth else 遭遇，遇到（尤指令人不快或困难的事）

I had never encountered such resistance before. 我以前从未遇到过这么大的阻力。

②a meeting , especially one that is sudden, unexpected or violent (意外，突然或暴力的)相遇，邂逅，冲突

The story describes the extraordinary encounter between a man and a dolphin. 这个故事描述了一个男人与一只海豚之间的奇遇。

suffragette (TEM8) [sʌfrəˈdʒet] n.

A member or a group of women who, in Britain and the US in the early part of 20th centaury, worked to get the right for women to vote in political elections.(20世纪初叶英国和美国的)妇女争取选举权团体的成员。 派生词汇：suffrage n. 普选权

strap (TEM4) [stræp] n.

①A strip of leather or, fabric or other material that is used to fasten sth, keep sth in place, carry sth or hold onto sth 带子

A watch with a leather strap 皮表带的手表

②to fasten sb/sth in place using a strap or starps 用带子系（或捆，扎，扣）好 he strapped the knife to his leg.他把刀绑到腿上。

派生词汇：strapless adj. （尤之连衣裙等）无肩带的 strapped adj. 缺钱的，手头紧的 strapping adj. 魁梧的，高大健壮的

studded (TEM4) [stʌdid] adj.

Having a lot of sth on or in it 布满（或有很多）的

The sky was clear and studded with stars. 天空晴朗，繁星点点。 派生词汇： stud n. (尤指装饰用的)饰钉，嵌钉，种马

Exercise

从Group7 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。 An lamp

The water in the sunlight. I sat my cigar.

She is always to me about how badly she’s treated at work. We a number of difficulties in the first week.

Group 8

rhinestone [ˈrainstəun] n.

A clear colorless stone that is intended to look like a diamond, used in cheap jewellery. 莱茵石（无色翻光面型玻璃，作仿钻石用）

consensus (TEM8) [kənˈsensəs] n.

An opinion that all members of a group agree with一致的意见，共识

There seems to be a consensus that the plan should be rejected.看来人们一致同意放弃这一计划。

必背搭配：consensus among sb about sth that…

派生词汇：consensual adj. 一致同意的 consent v./n. 同意，准许，允许

precede (TEM4) [priˈsi:d] v.

To happen before sth or come before sb/sth in order 在…之前发生（或出现），先于 She preceded me in the job. 她是我这工作的前任。 必背搭配：precede sth with sth 以…开始（或引导）

派生词汇：precedence n. 优先。优先权 precedent n. 实例，范例

fascinating (TEM4) [ˈfæsineitiŋ] adj.

Extremely interesting and attractive 极有吸引力的；迷人的

The results of the survey made fascinating reading. 调查结果令人读起来饶有兴味。 派生词汇：fascinate v. 深深吸引，迷住 fascination n. 魅力，极大的吸引力

embodiment (TEM8) [imˈbɔdimənt] n.

A person or thong that represents an idea or a quality （体现一种思想或品质的）典型，化身 He is the embodiment of the young successful businessman. 他是成功青年企业家的典型。 必背搭配：embodiment of sth

派生词汇：embody v. 具体表现，体现

chivalry (TEM8) [ˈʃivəlri] n.

①polite and kind behavior that shows a sense of honor, especially by men towards women （尤指男人对女人的）彬彬有礼，殷勤

②（in the Middle Ages）the religious and moral system of behavior which the perfect knight was expected to follow （中世纪的）骑士制度

the age of chivalry 骑士制度时代

派生词汇：chivalrous adj. （尤指男人对女人的）彬彬有礼的，殷勤的，体贴的

repute (TEM8) [riˈpju:t] n.

The opinion that people have of sb/sth. 名誉，名声 I know him only by repute. 我只是听说过他的大名。

派生词汇：reputed adj. 普遍认为，号称 reputable adj. 声誉好的，值得信赖的 reputation n. 声誉，名声

heraldry (TEM4) [ˈherəldri] n.

The study of the coats of arms and the history of old families 纹章学 派生词汇： herald v./n. 是（某事的）前兆，预示，预兆

prowess (TEM8) [ˈprauis] n.

Great skill at doing sth 非凡的技能，高超的技艺，造诣 Academic/sporting prowess 学术/体育运动造诣

sinew (TEM8) [ˈsinju:] n.

①a strong band of issue in the body that joins a muscle to a bone 肌腱 ②a source of power or strength 力量的来源，关键环节，要害之处 The sinews of economic life. 经济生活的命脉。

Exercise

从Group8 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。

There is general among teachers about the need for greater security in schools. His resignation was by weeks of speculation. It’s to see how different people approach the problem. A politician who the hopes of black youth. She is a writer of international .

Group 9

dexterous (TEM8) [ˈdekstərəs] adj.

Skillful with your hands; skillfully done 灵巧的，熟练的 Animals that are naturally dexterous 天生敏捷的动物。 派生词汇：dexterity n. (手)灵巧，熟练，敏捷

rejoice（TEM4） [riˈdʒɔis] v.

To express great happiness about sth 非常高兴，深感欣喜

The motor industry is rejoicing at the cut in car tax. 汽车工业对汽车减税感到非常高兴。 必背搭配：rejoice at/in/over sth

派生词汇：rejoicing n. 喜庆，欢庆

opponent（TEM4） [əˈpəunənt] n.

①A person that you are playing against or fighting against in a game, competition, argument, etc. 对手，竞争者

A political opponent 政治劲敌

②a person who is against sth and tries to change or stop it 反对者，阻止者 opponents of abortion 反对堕胎的人

malice（TEM4）[ˈmælis] n.

A feeling of hatred for sb that causes a desire to harm them 恶意，怨恨 He sent the letter out of malice. 他出于恶意寄出了这封信。 派生词汇：malicious adj. 怀有恶意的，恶毒的

impetuous（TEM8）[imˈpetjuəs] adj.

Acting or done quickly and without thinking carefully about the results. 鲁莽的，轻率的 An impetuous decision 草率的决定

treacherous（TEM8）[ˈtretʃərəs] adj.

That can not be trusted, intending to harm you 不可信任的，奸诈的 Lying, treacherous words 阴险的谎话 派生词汇： treachery n. 背叛行为，背信

munificent [mju:ˈnifisənt] adj. Extremely generous 极慷慨的

A munificent patron/gift 慷慨的赞助人/馈赠

profuse [prəˈfju:s] adj.

Produced in large amounts 大量的，众多的，丰富的 Profuse apologies/ thanks 一再道歉/千恩万谢 派生词汇： profusion n. 大量，众多

circumspect [ˈsə:kəmspekt] adj.

Thinking very carefully about sth before doing it because there may be risks involved 小心谨慎的，考虑周密的

The plan was circumspect in design in case of danger. 此次计划缜密，以防万一。 派生词汇：circumspection n. 谨慎，慎重

ineptitude (TEM8) [iˈneptitju:d] n. lack of skill 缺乏技巧，笨拙

the ineptitude of the police in handling the situation 警方在处理这个局面时的。 派生词汇：inept adj. 缺乏技巧的，笨拙的

Exercise

从Group9 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。

When the war ended, people finally had cause to . The team’s are unbeaten so far this season. She is entirely without . He was weak, cowardly and . The flowers are in spring.

Group 10

foil (TEM8) [fɔil] v./n.

①to stop sth from happening, especially sth illegal; to prevent sb from doing sth 挫败；阻止 They were foiled in their attempt to smuggle priceless paintings. 他们走私绘画珍品的企图未能得逞。

②metal made into very thin sheets that is used for covering or wrapping things, especially food (尤指包装食物等用的)箔

The chocolate are individually wrapped in gold and silver foil. 巧克力分别用金箔纸和银箔纸包装。

tenable [ˈtenəbəl] adj.

①(of a theory , an opinion etc.) easy to defend against attack or criticism 说得过去的，站得住脚的

a tenable position 说得过去的观点

②(of a job, position, etc, especially in a university) that can be held for a particular period of time 可保有，可保持，可担任（一段时间）

The leadership is tenable for a period of three years. 讲师这一职务任期三年。

vassal [ˈvæsəl] n.

①a man in the Middle Ages who promised to fight for and be loyal to a king or other powerful owner of land, in return for being given land to live on. 封臣，家臣（中世纪为国王或其他权贵效忠的受封者

②a country that is dependent on and controlled by another country 附属国，属国

paramount (TEM8) [ˈpærəmaunt] adj.

①more important than anything else 至为重要的，首要的

Safety is paramount. 安全至上。

②having the highest position or the greatest power. 至高无尚的，至尊的 China’s paramount leader. 中国的最高领导人。

plain (TEM4) [plein] n./ adj.

①(pl)a large area of flat land 平原 the Great Plains 北美洲大平原

②easy to see or understand 清楚的，明显的

The facts were plain to see. 事实显而易见。

③not decorated or complicated; simple 朴素的，简单的

The interior of the church was plain and simple. 教堂内部朴素无华。 派生词汇：plainly adv. 清晰地，明显地，朴素地

daring (TEM4) [ˈdeəriŋ] adj.

Brave, willing to do dangerous or unusual thing; involving danger or taking risks 勇敢的，敢于冒险的

A daring walk in space 勇敢的太空漫步

派生词汇：dare v. 敢于，胆敢 daredevil n. 蛮干的人，冒失鬼

bolt (TEM4) [bəult] n./v.

①A long, narrow piece of metal that you slide across the inside of a door or window in order to lock it (门窗的)闩，插销

②a sudden flash of lightning in the sky, appearing as a line 闪电

bolt of lightning 闪电

③to fasten sth such as a door or window by sliding a bolt across, to be able to be fastened in this way 用插销闩门

The gate bolts on the inside. 大门从里面上闩。

必背搭配：a bolt form the blue 突如其来的事件（或消息），晴天霹雳 派生词汇：bolt-hole n. 匿身处，躲避困境之地

crossbow (TEM8) [ˈkrɔsbəu] n.

A weapon which consists of a bow that is fixed onto a larger piece of wood, and that shoots short heavy arrow 弩，十字弓

aggravate (TEM8) [ˈægrəveit] v.

①To make an illness or a bad or unpleasant situation worse 使严重，使恶化 Pollution can aggravate asthma. 污染会使气喘恶化。

②to annoy sb, especially deliberately （尤指故意地）激怒，惹恼

The drug can cause an aggravation of the condition. 这种药可能导致病情恶化。 派生词汇：aggravated adj. （罪行）严重的，加重的

fortitude (TEM4) [ˈfɔ:titju:d] n.

Courage shown by sb who is suffering great pain or facing great difficulties （在巨大痛苦或困难面前表现出的）勇气，胆量

She endured her illness with great fortitude. 她以极大的毅力忍受着疾病的痛苦。

Exercise

从Group10 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。

Customs officials an attempt to smuggle priceless paintings out of the country. The old idea that this type of work was not suitable for women was no longer . This matter is of importance. Military intervention will only the conflict even further. There are plenty of activities at the resort for the less .

Group 11

bequeath (TEM8) [biˈkwi:ð] v.

To say in a will that you want sb to have your property, money etc. after you die （在遗嘱中）把（财产）遗赠给

He bequeathed his entire estate to his daughter. 他把全部财产遗赠给她的女儿。 派生词汇：bequest n. 遗产，遗赠

reconcile (TEM4) [ˈrekənsail] v.

①to find a satisfactory way of dealing with two or more ideas, needs, etc. that seem to be opposite

to each other 使和谐一致， 调和，使相符

It was hard to reconcile his career ambitions with the needs of his children. 他很难兼顾事业上的报复和孩子们的需要。

②to make people become friends again after an argument or a disagreement. 使和解，使和好如初

He has recently been reconciled with his wife. 他最近已经和妻子和好了。

exemplary (TEM8) [igˈzempləri] adj.

Providing a good example for people to copy 典范的，可作榜样的 A man of exemplary character 一个具有模范品德的人

派生词汇：exemplar n. 模范，榜样 exemplify v. 举例说明，例证

piety (TEM8) [ˈpaiəti] n.

The state of having or showing a deep respect for sb/sth, especially for god and religion; the state of being pious. 虔诚

派生词汇：pious adj. 虔诚的，虔敬的

consent (TEM4) [kənˈsent] n./v.

①Permission to do sth, especially given by sb in authority 同意，准许，允许 The written consent of a parent is required. 要求有家长的书面同意。 ②to agree to sth or give your permission to for sth 同意，准许，允许

He reluctantly consented to his daughter’s marriage. 他勉强同意了女儿的婚事。 必背搭配：consent to do/sth.

flay [flei] v.

①to remove a skin from a animal or person, usually when they are dead 剥（死人或动物的皮） ②to criticize sb/youeself severely 严厉批评

He flayed himself for his lack of tact. 他狠狠批评自己缺乏策略。

pompous (TEM8) [ˈpɔmpəs] adj.

Showing that you think you are more important than other people, especially by using long and formal words 虚华的，言辞浮夸的 A pompous official 自负的 派生词汇： pomposity n. 虚华

cunning (TEM4) [ˈkʌniŋ] adj.

①Able to get what you want in a clever way, especially by tricking or deceiving sb 狡猾的，奸诈的

He was as cunning as a fox. 他像狐狸一样狡猾。 ②clever and skillful灵巧的，巧妙的

It was a cunning piece of detective work. 那是一篇构思巧妙的侦探作品。

chortle [ˈtʃɔ:tl] v.

To laugh loudly with pleasure or amusement. 高兴地格格笑，哈哈大笑

Gill chortled with delight. 吉尔高兴地哈哈大笑。

demise [diˈmaiz] v.

①the end or failure of an institution, an idea, a company, etc.终止；失败；倒闭 ②death 死亡，逝世

his imminent/sudden death 他死到临头/他的猝死

Exercise

从Group 11 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。 He his daughter his entire property.

An attempt to the need for industrial development with concern for the environment. Her behavior was . Children under 16 can not give to medical treatment. His speech sounded very and self-congratulatory.

Group 12

fundamental (TEM4) [ˈfʌndəˈmentl] adj./n.

①serious and very important, affecting the most central and important parts of sth 十分重大的，根本的

a question of fundamental importance 首要问题

②central; forming the necessary basis of sth 基础的，基本的

Hard work is fundamental to success. 勤奋工作是成功的基础。

③a basic rule or principle; an essential part 基本规律；根本法则；基本原理 The fundamentals of modern physics. 现代物理学的基本原理。 派生词汇：fundamentalism n. 原教旨主义

impoverish (TEM8) [imˈpɔvəriʃ] v. ①to make sb poor 使贫穷

These changes are likely to impoverish single parent families even further. 这些变革很可能使单亲家庭更加贫困。

②to make sth worse in quality 使贫瘠；使枯竭

Intensive cultivation has impoverished the soil. 集约耕作使土壤变得贫瘠。 派生词汇：impoverishment n. 贫瘠，贫困 impoverished adj. 赤贫的

millennium (TEM4) [miˈleniəm] n.

A period of 1,000 years, especially as calculated before or after the birth of Christ 一千年，千年期（尤指公元纪年）

The second millennium AD公元第二个千年 派生词汇：millennia or millenniums (pl)

stance (TEM8) [stæns] n.

The opinion that sb has about sth and expresses publicly （公开表明的）观点，态度，立场 He is known for his anti-abortion stance. 他以立场鲜明地反对堕胎而著称。

bastion (TEM8) [ˈbæstiən] n.

①a group of people or a system that protects a way of life or a belief when it seems that it may disappear 堡垒， 捍卫者

a bastion of male privilege 大男子主义的捍卫者

②a place that military forces are defending 堡垒，防御工事

incomprehensible (TEM4) [inˈkɔmpriˈhensəbl] adj. Impossible to understand 无法理解的；难懂的

Some application form can be incomprehensible to ordinary people. 有些申请表格一般人可能看不懂。

派生词汇： comprehend v. 理解，掌握 comprehensible adj.可以理解的 comprehension n. 理解

obligatory (TEM8) [əˈbligəˈtəri] adj.

That you must do because of law, rules, etc (按法律，规定等)必须的，强制的

It is obligatory for all employees to wear protective clothing. 所以员工必须穿防护服装。 必背搭配：be obligatory for sb to do sth

派生词汇：oblige v. (以法律，义务等)强迫，迫使 obligated adj. (道义或法律上)有义务的，必须的 obligation n. 义务，责任

prudent (TEM8) [ˈpru:dənt] adj.

Sensible and careful when you make judgments and decisions; avoid unnecessary risks 谨慎的，慎重的，精明的

A prudent business man 精明的商人 派生词汇：prudence n. 谨慎，慎重

quirk (TEM8) [kwə:k] n.

①An aspect of sb’s personality or behavior that is a little strange 怪异的性格（或行为）；怪癖 ②a strange thing that happens, especially accidentally 怪事，巧合

by a strange quirk of fate they had booked into the same hotel. 真是天缘奇遇，他们住进了同一家旅馆。

派生词汇：quirky adj. 怪异的，巧合的

frenzied (TEM8) [ˈfrenzid] adj.

involving a lot of activity and strong emotions in a way that is often violent or frightening and not under control 疯狂的，狂暴的

a frenzied attack 疯狂的进攻

派生词汇：frenzy n. 疯狂，狂乱 frenetic adj. 发狂似的，狂乱的

disparity (TEM8) [diˈspæriti] n.

a difference, especially one connected with unfair treatment (尤指不公正对待引起的)不同，不等，差异

the wide disparity between rich and poor 悬殊

Exercise

从Group12 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。

There is a difference between the two points of view. What is the newspaper’s on the war? He found his son’s actions totally .

It might be more to get a second opinion before going ahead. Some people think that financial affects friendship

Key

1. excessive 2. approve 3. authorized 4 reverse 6. devolved 7.overwhelming 8.scraped 9. proportionate 11. transform 12. granted 13. boost 14. indigenous 16. venues 17. mentality 18. hilarious 19. jersey 21. witness 22. grinned 23. ballot 24. mustachioed 26. thwarted 27. fret 28. sweeping 29. obsession 31. infrared 32. glittered 33. puffing 34. grumbling 36. consensus 37. preceded 38. fascinating 39. embodied 41.rejoice 42. opponents 43. malice 44.treacherous 46. foiled 47. tenable 48. paramount 49. aggravate 51. bequeathed 52. reconcile 53. exemplary . consent 56. fundamental 57. stance 58. incomprehensible 59. prudent 5. convene 10. counterpart 15. vogue 20. dog-eared 25. furious 30. opted 35.encountered 40. repute 45. profuse 50. daring 55. pompous 60. disparity