ASTM+A+788-2005

AnAmericanNationalStandard

StandardSpecificationfor

SteelForgings,GeneralRequirements1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationA788;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.

1.Scope*

1.1Thisspecification2coversagroupofcommonrequire-mentsthat,unlessotherwisespecifiedintheindividualproductspecification,shallapplytosteelforgingsunderanyofthefollowingspecificationsissuedbyASTM:

ASTM

DesignationA266A288A2A290A291A336A372A427A469A470A471A508/A508M

Title

Forgings,CarbonSteelforPressureVesselComponents

CarbonandAlloySteelForgingsforMagneticRetainingRingsforTurbineGeneratorsAlloySteelForgingsforNonmagneticRetain-ingRingsforGenerators

CarbonandAlloySteelForgingsforRingsforReductionGears

CarbonandAlloySteelForgingsforPinionsandGearsforReductionGears

SteelForgings,Alloy,forPressureandHigh-TemperatureParts

CarbonandAlloySteelForgingsforThin-WalledPressureVessels

WroughtAlloySteelRollsforColdandHotReduction

Vacuum-TreatedSteelForgingsforGeneratorRotors

Vacuum-TreatedCarbonandAlloySteelForgingsforTurbineRotorsandShaftsVacuum-TreatedAlloySteelForgingsforTur-bineRotorDisksandWheels

QuenchedandTemperedVacuum-TreatedCarbonandAlloySteelForgingsPressureVessels

SteelClosed-ImpressionDieForgingsforGeneralIndustrialUse

SteelForgings,CarbonandAlloy,QuenchedandTempered,forPressureVesselCom-ponents

SuperstrengthAlloySteelForgings

A592

A9/A9MA668/A668MA723/A723MA765/A765M

A768A837A859/A859M

A1

A909A940

A965/A965M

High-StrengthQuenchedandTemperedLow-AlloySteelForgedFittingsandPartsforPressureVessels

ForgedSteelRollsUsedforCorrugatingPa-perMachinery

SteelForgingsCarbonandAlloyforGeneralIndustrialUse

AlloySteelForgingsforHigh-StrengthPres-sureComponentApplication

CarbonSteelandLow-AlloySteelPressureVesselComponentForgingswithManda-toryToughnessRequirements

Vacuum-Treated12%ChromiumAlloySteelForgingsforTurbineRotorsandShafts

SteelForgings,Alloy,ForCarburizingApplica-tions

SteelForgings,Low-CarbonAge-HardeningNickel-Copper-Chromium-MolybdenumAl-loySteel,forPressureVesselComponentsPrecipitationHardeningIronBaseSuperalloyForgingsforTurbineRotorDisksandWheels

SpecificationforSteelForgings,Microalloy,forGeneralIndustrialUse

SpecificationforVacuumTreatedSteelForg-ings,Alloy,DifferentiallyHeatTreated,forTurbineRotors

SpecificationforSteelForgings,Austenitic,forPressureandHighTemperatureParts

A521A1/A1M

A579

ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeA01onSteel,StainlessSteel,andRelatedAlloys,andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA1.06onSteelForgingsandBillets.

CurrenteditionapprovedMarch1,2004.PublishedApril2004.Originallyapprovedin1984.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2003asA788–03a.2ForASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeapplications,seerelatedSpecifi-cationSA–788inSectionIIofthatcode.

11.2Incaseofconflictinrequirements,therequirementsoftheindividualproductspecificationsshallprevailoverthoseofthisspecification.

1.3Thepurchasermayspecifyadditionalrequirements(see4.2.3)thatdonotnegateanyoftheprovisionsofeitherthisspecificationoroftheindividualproductspecifications.Theacceptanceofanysuchadditionalrequirementsshallbedependentonnegotiationswiththesupplierandmustbeincludedintheorder.

1.4If,byagreement,forgingsaretobesuppliedinapartiallycompletedcondition,thatis,alloftheprovisionsoftheproductspecificationhavenotbeenfilled,thenthematerialmarking(seeSection17)andcertification(seeSection16)shallreflecttheextenttowhichtheproductspecificationrequirementshavebeenmet.

*ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstandard.

Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.

1

2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:3A275/A275MTestMethodforMagneticParticleExami-nationofSteelForgings

A370TestMethodsandDefinitionsforMechanicalTestingofSteelProducts

A388/A388MPracticeforUltrasonicExaminationofHeavySteelForgings

A751TestMethods,Practices,andTerminologyforChemicalAnalysisofSteelProducts

A833PracticeforIndentationHardnessofMetallicMate-rialsbyComparisonHardnessTesters

A939TestMethodforUltrasonicExaminationfromBoredSurfacesofCylindricalForgings

A941TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Re-latedAlloys,andFerroalloys

A966/A966MTestMethodforMagneticParticleExami-nationofSteelForgingsUsingAlternatingCurrent

A991/A991MTestMethodforConductingTemperatureUniformitySurveysofFurnacesUsedtoHeatTreatSteelProducts

A1021SpecificationforMartensiticStainlessSteelForg-ingsandForgingStockforHigh-TemperatureServiceE23TestMethodsforNotchedBarImpactTestingofMetallicMaterials

E112TestMethodsforDeterminingAverageGrainSizeE165TestMethodforLiquidPenetrantExamination

E399TestMethodforPlaneStrainFractureToughnessofMetallicMaterials

E428PracticeforFabricationandControlofSteelRefer-enceBlocksUsedinUltrasonicInspection

E1290TestMethodforCrack-TipOpeningDisplacement(CTOD)FractureToughness

E1820TestMethodforMeasurementofFractureTough-ness

E1916GuideforIdentificationand/orSegregationofMixedLotsofMetals3.Terminology

3.1TerminologyA941isapplicabletothisSpecification.Additionaltermsandwordingmoreapplicabletoforgingsareasnotedinthissection.3.2Definitions:

3.2.1steelforging—theproductofasubstantiallycompres-siveplasticworkingoperationthatconsolidatesthematerialandproducesthedesiredshape.Theplasticworkingmaybeperformedbyahammer,press,forgingmachine,orringrollingmachine,andmustdeformthematerialtoproduceanessen-tiallywroughtstructure.Hotrollingoperationsmaybeusedtoproducebloomsorbilletsforreforging.Forgingsmaybesubdividedintothefollowingthreeclassesonthebasisoftheirforgingtemperatures:

3.2.1.1cold–workedforgings—forgingsproducedbyplasticworkingwellbelowthetemperaturerangeatwhichrecrystal-3ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.

lizationofthematerialoccurs.Cold-workedforgingsmustbemadefrommaterialpreviouslyhotworkedbyforgingorrolling.

3.2.1.2hot-cold–workedforgings—forgingsworkedatel-evatedtemperaturesslightlybelowtherecrystallizationrangetoincreasemechanicalstrength.Hot-cold-workedforgingsmustbemadefrommaterialpreviouslyhotworkedbyforgingorrolling.Ahot-cold-workedforgingmaybeproducedinonecontinuousoperationwhereinthematerialisfirsthotworkedandthencold-workedbycontrolofthefinishingtemperature.Discussion—Becauseofdifferencesinmanufacture,hotrolled,orhotrolledandcoldfinishedbars(semi-finishedorfinished),billetsorbloomsarenotconsideredtobeforgings.3.2.1.3hot-workedforgings—forgingsproducedbyworkingattemperaturesabovetherecrystallizationtemperatureforthematerial.

3.3DefinitionsofTermsSpecifictoThisStandard:

3.3.1bottompouring—steelfromasingleheat,orfromamultipleheattappedintoacommonladle(see8.1.1and8.1.2),introducedintoingotmold(s)suchthattheyarefilledfromthebottomup.Oneormoremoldscanbesetuponanindividualplate,andmorethanoneplatemaybepouredinsequencefromaheat.Theplateisgenerallyconstructedsuchthatthemoltensteelcanbeductedthroughrefractorychannelstothebottomofeachmoldontheplate.Thesteelispouredintoacentralspruewhichishighenoughtopermitfillingtheingotmoldstotherequiredlevel.

3.3.2ingot—theproductobtainedwhenmoltensteel,uponbeingcastintoamold,issubsequentlycapableofbeingwroughtinconformancewith3.1.Open-endedmolds,thatareusuallycooledandused,forexample,inthecontinuouscastingofsteel,areconsideredtobeincludedinthisdefinition.

3.3.3killedsteel—steeldeoxidized,eitherbytheadditionofstrongdeoxidizingagentsorbyvacuumtreatment,toreducetheoxygencontenttosuchalevelthatessentiallynoreactionoccursbetweencarbonandoxygenduringsolidification

3.3.3.1Discussion—Vacuumcarbondeoxidation(VCD)isasteelmakingprocessinwhichprimarydeoxidationoccursduringvacuumtreatmentasaresultofthecarbon-oxygenreaction.Inorderforprimarydeoxidationtooccurduringvacuumtreatment,deoxidizingagentssuchasaluminumorsiliconarenottobeaddedtothemeltinanysignificantamountpriortothevacuumtreatmentoperation.

3.3.3.2Discussion—Precipitationdeoxidationisasteel-makingprocessinwhichprimarydeoxidationisachievedbytheadditionofstrongdeoxidizingagentssuchasaluminumearlyintheprocess,andholdingthesteelinthemoltenstateforsufficienttimefortheproductsofdeoxidationtoseparatefromthemelttotheslag.

3.3.4sequentialorcontinuousstrandcasting—steelfromseveralheatspouredconsecutivelyintoacooledopen-endedmoldtoformacontinuouscastproductwithachangefromheattoheatalongitslength.

3.3.5strandcasting—steelfromoneheatpouredintoacooledopen-endedmoldtoformacontinuousstrandorstrands.

3.3.6intercriticalheattreatment—useofamulti-stageheattreatmentprocedureinwhichthematerialisfirstaustenitizedat

atemperatureabovetheuppercriticaltemperature(Ac3)followedbycoolingbelowthelowercriticaltemperature(Ac1).ThematerialisthenreheatedtoatemperatureintheintercrticalrangebetweentheAc1andtheAc3andagaincooledbelowtheAc1,followedbysubcriticaltemperingintherangespecifiedinthematerialspecification.

3.3.6.1Discussion—Thisprocedureisgenerallyapplicabletolowhardenabilitycarbonandlowalloysteelsthatwouldusuallyhaveamicrostructureofferriteandpearliteintheheattreatedsectionsizeofthecomponentbeingheattreated.4.OrderingInformation

4.1Ordersshallincludethefollowinginformation:4.1.1Quantity,

4.1.2Dimensions,includingtolerancesandsurfacefinishes,4.1.3Specificationnumberwithtype,class,andgradeasapplicable(includingyeardate),andshouldinclude:4.1.4Numberofcopiesofthematerialtestreport.

4.2Additionalinformationincludingthefollowingmaybeaddedbyagreementwiththesupplier:

4.2.1Typeofheattreatmentwhenalternativemethodsareallowedbytheproductspecification,

4.2.2Supplementaryrequirements,ifany,and

4.2.3Additionalrequirements(see1.4,16.1.5,and16.1.6).4.2.4RepairweldingNOTpermitted.

5.MeltingProcess

5.1Unlessotherwisespecifiedintheproductspecification,thesteelshallbeproducedbyanyofthefollowingprimaryprocesses:electric-furnace,basicoxygen,vacuum-induction(VIM)oropen-hearth.Theprimarymeltingmayincorporateseparatedegassingorrefiningandmaybefollowedbysecond-arymelting,usingelectroslagremelting(ESR)orvacuumarcremelting(VAR).

5.1.1Thesteelshallbefullykilled.

5.2Themoltensteelmaybevacuum-treatedpriortoorduringpouringoftheingot.

5.2.1Whenvacuumtreatmentofthemoltensteelisre-quiredbytheproductspecificationthefollowingconditionsshallapply:

5.2.1.1Whenthevacuumstreamdegassingprocessisused,thevacuumsystemmustbeofsufficientcapacitytoeffectablank-offpressurelowenough(usuallylessthan1000µm),tobreakupthenormaltight,rope-likestreamofmoltenmetalintoawide-angledconicalstreamofrelativelysmalldroplets.Thecapacityofthesystemmustalsobesufficientlyhightoreducetheinitialsurgepressureatthestartofthepourtoalowlevelwithin2min.

5.2.1.2Whenthevacuum-liftprocessisutilized,themoltenmetalshallberepeatedlydrawnintotheevacuatedvesseltogivearecirculationfactor(seeAnnexA1)ofatleast2.5toensurethoroughdegassingandmixingoftheentireheat.Theevacuationsystemshallbecapableofreducingthepressuresurges,whichoccureachtimeanewportionofsteelisadmittedtothevesseltoincreasinglylowerlevels,untilablank-offpressure,(usuallylessthan1000µm)isachievedsignifyingtheendofthedegassingtreatment.

5.2.1.3Whentheladledegassingprocessisused,theevacuationsystemshallbecapableofreducingthesystem

vacuumpressuretoalowlevel(usuallylessthan1000µm).Themoltenmetalshallbeadequatelystirredforasufficientlengthoftimetomaximizeexposuretotheevacuatedatmo-sphere.

5.2.1.4Othermethodsofvacuumtreatmentmaybeusedifthesuppliercandemonstrateadequatedegassingandaccept-ablepropertiesinthefinishedforgingtothesatisfactionofthepurchaser.

6.Forging

6.1Forgingsshallbemadeinaccordancewith3.2.1.7.CoolingPriortoHeatTreatment

7.1Afterforgingandbeforereheatingforheattreatment,theforgingsshallbeallowedtocoolinsuchamannerastopreventinjuryand,inthecaseofferriticforgings,topermitsubstantiallycompletetransformationofaustenite.

8.ChemicalComposition8.1HeatAnalysis:

8.1.1Ananalysisofeachheatofsteelshallbemadebythesteelproducertodeterminethepercentagesofthoseelementsspecifiedintheproductspecification.Thisanalysisshallbemadefromatestsamplepreferablytakenduringthepouringoftheheatandshallconformtotherequirementsoftheproductspecification.

8.1.2Whenmultipleheatsaretappedintoacommonladle,theladlechemistryshallapply.Thechemicalcompositionthusdeterminedshallconformtotherequirementsoftheproductspecification.

8.1.3Formultiple-heatingots,eitherindividualheatanaly-sesoraweightedaverage(seeAnnexA2)maybetaken.Theresultsofthemethodusedshallconformtotherequirementsoftheproductspecification.

8.1.4Withtheexceptionoftheproductfrommultipleheatssequentiallycastinstrandcastingmachines(see8.1.6),ifthetestsampletakenforaheatanalysisislostordeclaredinadequateforchemicaldeterminations,thesteelproducermaytakealternativesamplesfromappropriatelocationsnearthesurfaceoftheingotorforgingasnecessarytoestablishtheanalysisoftheheatinquestion.

8.1.5HeatAnalysisforRemeltedIngots:

8.1.5.1Whenconsumableremeltingprocessesareused,achemicalanalysistakenfromoneremeltedingot(ortheproductofoneremeltedingot)perheatshallbetakenastheheatanalysis.

8.1.5.2Whenelectrodesfromdifferentmasterheatsareremeltedsequentially,ananalysisshallbemadeineachzoneoftheremeltedingotcorrespondingtoatleastoneelectrodefromeachmasterheat.Theresultantchemicalanalysisofeachzoneshallconformtotherequirementsoftheproductspecifi-cation.Theheatanalysisoftheremeltedingotshallberepresentedbyaweightedaverage(seeAnnexA2)oftheindividualchemicalanalysesforeachzone.

8.1.5.3Limitsonaluminumcontentinremeltingotsshallbesetasrequiredintheproductspecification.

8.1.6Formultipleheatssequentiallycastinstrandcastingmachines,theheatanalysisshallbedeterminedforeachindividualheatinaccordancewith8.1.1,or8.1.2ifapplicable.

8.1.6.1If,formultipleheatssequentiallystrandcast,thetestsampleislostordeclaredinadequateforchemicalanalysisdetermination,alternativesamples,remotefromthetransitionzones,maybetakenbythesteelproducerfromthecastmaterialorproductofthatheat,asdefinedin8.2or8.3asappropriate.

8.2HeatNumberAssignmentforSequentiallyStrandCastMaterial—Whenheatsofthesamechemicalcompositionaresequentiallystrandcast,theheatnumberassignedtothecastproductmayremainunchangeduntilallofthesteelintheproductisfromthefollowingheat,exceptwhenSupplemen-taryRequirementS3isinvoked.

8.3IdentificationofMaterialofDifferentChemicalCompo-sitionRanges,SequentiallyStrandCast—Becauseofintermix-inginthetundish,separationandidentificationoftheresultanttransitionmaterialisrequiredwhensteelsofdifferentchemicalcompositionrangesaresequentiallystrandcast.Thesteelproducershallremovethetransitionmaterialbyanyestab-lishedprocedurethatpositivelyseparatesthegrades.8.4ProductAnalysis:

8.4.1Ananalysismaybemadebythepurchaserfromaforgingrepresentingeachheatormultipleheat(see8.1).Samplesforanalysismaybetakenfromtheforgingorfromafull-sizeprolongationatanypointfromthemidradiustotheoutersurfaceofdiskorothersolidforgingsormidwaybetweentheinnerandoutersurfacesofholloworboredforgings.Theanalysismayalsobetakenfromamechanicaltestspecimenorthemechanicaltestlocationasdefinedintheproductspecifi-cation.

8.4.2Thechemicalcompositionthusdeterminedshallcon-formtotherequirementsoftheforgingspecificationsubjecttothepermissiblevariationsspecifiedinTable1,forthoseelementslistedintheproductspecification.LimitationsontheapplicationoftheallowancesinTable1maybemadeintheproductspecificationforspecifiedelements.

8.5ResidualandUnspecifiedElements—ProvisionsforthelimitationofcertainresidualandunspecifiedelementshavebeenmadeinSupplementaryRequirementsS1andS2,respec-tively.

8.6Gradesubstitutionisnotpermitted.

8.7MethodofAnalysis—MethodsincludedinTestMeth-ods,Practices,andTerminologyA751shallbeusedforrefereepurposes.

9.HeatTreatment

9.1Heattreatmentshallbeperformedasspecifiedintheproductspecification.SupplementaryRequirementS4con-cernsaspecializedheattreatprocess(see3.3.6)whoseapplicationwillbecontrolledintheproductspecification.Unlessotherwisespecifiedduringaheattreatingholdcycletherecordedfurnacetemperatureshallbewithin625°F(615°C)ofthecontrollingsetpointtemperature.MaterialshallbeheattreatedintheworkingzoneofafurnacethathasbeensurveyedinaccordancewithTestMethodA991/A991Mprovidedthattheworkingzonewasestablishedusingavariationof625°F(615°C)orlessfromthefurnacesetpoint.

10.MechanicalTesting

10.1TestMethods—Alltestsshallbeconductedinaccor-dancewithTestMethodsandDefinitionsA370.

10.1.1InadditiontothehardnesstestingprovisionsofTestMethodsandDefinitionsA370,comparisonhardnesstestinginaccordancewithPracticeA833maybeusedindeterminingthehardnessofforgings.

10.2Retests—Iftheresultsofthetensiontestsdonotconformtotherequirementsspecified,retestsarepermittedasoutlinedinTestMethodsandDefinitionsA370orasfollows:10.2.1Ifthepercentageofelongationorreductionofareaofanytensiontestspecimenislessthanspecifiedbecauseaflawbecomesevidentinthetestspecimenduringtesting,aretestshallbeallowedprovidedthatthedefectwasnotattributabletoruptures,cracks,orflakesinthesteel.

10.2.2Iftheaverageimpactenergyvaluemeetsthespeci-ficationrequirements,buttheenergyvalueforonespecimenisbelowthespecifiedminimumvalueforindividualspecimensprescribedinthematerialspecification,aretestispermitted.Thisshallconsistoftwoimpactspecimensfromalocationadjacenttoandoneithersideofthespecimenthatfailed.Eachoftheretestedspecimensmustexhibitanenergyvalueequaltoorgreaterthantheminimumaveragevaluerequiredbytheproductspecification.

11.ReheatTreatment

11.1Iftheresultsoftheinitialmechanicaltestsdonotconformtothespecifiedrequirements,theforgingsmaybeheattreated(ifinitiallytestedintheas-forgedcondition)orreheattreated(ifheattreatedpriortoinitialtesting).12.RepairWelding

12.1Repairweldingofforgingsisnotpermittedunlessspecificallyallowedbytheproductspecification(seealso4.2.4).

13.DimensionsandFinish

13.1Theforgingsshallconformtothedimensions,toler-ances,andfinishesrequiredbytheorderinginformation(4.1.2).SupplementaryRequirementsS5orS6,concerningstraighteningofforgings,maybeused.

14.Inspection

14.1Alltestsandinspectionsotherthan8.4shallbemadeattheplaceofmanufacture,unlessotherwiseagreedupon.14.2Themanufacturershallaffordthepurchaser’sinspectorallreasonablefacilitiesnecessarytosatisfyhimthatthematerialisbeingproducedandfurnishedinaccordancewiththematerialspecification.

14.3Millinspectionbythepurchasershallnotinterfereunnecessarilywiththemanufacturer’soperations.

15.Rejection

15.1Anyrejectionbasedonthepresenceofaninjuriousdefectfoundsubsequenttoacceptanceatthemanufacturer’sworksorbasedontheresultsofaproductanalysismadeinaccordancewith8.4shallbereportedtothemanufacturer.

TABLE1PermissibleVariationsinProductAnalysisforKilledSteel

NOTE1—ThistablecoverspermissiblevariationsinproductanalysisformostoftheelementscommonlyfoundinkilledsteelsunderthejurisdictionofA01.06.Thistableisapplicableonlyforthoseelementsforwhichproductanalysisvariationsarepermittedbythematerialspecification.

NOTE2—Productcross-sectionalarea(takenatrightanglestotheaxisoftheoriginalingotorbillet)isdefinedaseither:(a)maximumcross-sectionalareaofroughmachinedforging(excludingboring),(b)maximumcross-sectionalareaoftheunmachinedforging,(c)maximumcross-sectionalareaofthebilletbloomorslab.

PermissibleVariationOvertheSpecifiedMaximumLimitorUndertheSpecifiedMinimumLimit,%

Element

UnitorMaximumSpecifiedRange—I

Uptoandincl100in.2(650cm2)A0.0050.010.020.030.040.030.060.0080.0050.0080.020.050.030.050.070.100.150.030.050.100.150.200.250.010.020.030.050.010.020.030.040.020.060.050.010.070.140.050.090.030.050.070.010.010.020.050.100.010.0050.010.020.030.04

Over100Ato200in.2incl(650to1300cm2)0.0050.010.030.040.050.040.060.0080.0050.0100.030.060.030.050.070.100.150.040.060.100.150.200.250.020.030.040.060.010.020.030.040.020.060.050.010.070.140.050.090.030.050.070.010.010.020.050.100.010.0050.010.020.030.04

Over200in.2to400in.2incl(1300to2600cm2)0.0050.010.030.040.050.050.070.0100.0050.0100.040.060.030.050.070.100.150.040.060.120.150.200.250.020.030.050.080.010.020.030.040.020.060.050.010.070.140.050.100.030.050.070.010.020.020.060.100.010.0050.010.020.030.04

Over400in.2to800in.2incl(2600to5200cm2)0.010.010.040.050.060.060.080.0100.0050.0100.040.070.030.050.070.100.150.050.070.140.170.220.270.020.030.060.100.010.020.030.040.020.060.050.010.080.160.060.120.030.050.070.010.020.030.070.120.010.0050.010.020.030.04

Over800in.2to1600in.2incl(5200to10300cm2)0.010.010.050.060.070.070.080.0150.0060.0150.050.070.030.050.070.100.150.050.070.150.170.240.270.030.040.070.120.010.020.030.040.030.070.050.010.080.160.060.120.030.050.070.010.030.030.070.120.010.0050.010.020.030.04

Over1600in.2(over10300cm2)0.010.010.050.060.070.080.090.0150.0060.0150.060.080.030.050.070.100.150.060.080.160.190.240.290.030.040.080.120.010.020.030.040.030.080.050.010.090.180.070.140.030.050.070.010.030.030.080.140.010.0050.010.020.030.04

Carbon

ManganesePhosphorusSulfurSiliconNickel

Chromium

Molybdenum

Vanadium

Columbium(Niobium)TitaniumCobalt

TungstenCopper

Aluminum

ZirconiumNitrogen

Uptoandincl0.050.06to0.10,incl0.11to0.25,incl0.26to0.55,incl0.56andover

Uptoandincl0.900.91andover

Uptoandincl0.05Uptoandincl0.0300.031to0.060inclUptoandincl0.350.36andover

Uptoandincl1.001.01to2.00,incl2.01to5.30,incl5.31to10.00,incl10.01andoverUptoandincl0.900.91to2.10,incl2.11to10.00,incl10.01to15.00,incl15.01to20.00,incl20.01andoverUptoandincl0.200.21to0.40,incl0.41to1.15,incl1.16to5.50,inclUptoandincl0.100.11to0.25,incl0.26to0.50,incl0.51to1.25,inclUptoandincl0.140.15to0.50,inclUptoandincl0.85Uptoandincl0.250.25to5.00,incl5.01to10.00,inclUptoandincl1.001.01to4.00,inclUptoandincl1.01.01to2.00,incl2.01to5.00,inclUptoandincl0.03Over0.03to0.05,incl0.06to0.15,incl0.16to0.50,incl0.50to2.00,inclUptoandincl0.15Upto0.02incl

Over0.02to0.19,inclOver0.19to0.25,inclOver0.25to0.35,inclOver0.35to0.45,incl

AWhentheproductsizerangeupto100in.2isdeleted,thenthe100to200-in.2columnshallbechangedtoreaduptoandincluding200in.215.2Dispositionofforgingsrejectedbythepurchaserunder15.1shallbeasagreeduponbetweenmanufacturerandthepurchaser.

16.Certification

16.1Themanufacturershallfurnishtothepurchaserthenumberofcopiesofthematerialtestreportspecifiedintheorderinginformation(4.1.4).Thefollowingitemsshallbereported:

16.1.1Purchaseordernumber,

16.1.2Forgingidentificationnumber,

16.1.3Productspecificationnumberincludingthedesigna-tionandyeardate,aswellastheappropriateclass,type,andgrade,

16.1.4Heatnumberandanalysis,

16.1.5Resultsoftherequiredacceptancetestsformechani-calproperties,

16.1.6Resultsofanyrequirednondestructiveexaminations,16.1.7Finalheattreatmentcycleincludingaustenitizingandtemperingtemperaturesandholdingtimesandcoolingmethodsifrequiredbytheproductspecificationor4.2.3,16.1.8Extenttowhichtheforgingisincompletewithrespecttotheproductspecification(see1.4and16.1.7),and16.1.9Resultsofanysupplementaryandadditionaltestrequirementsthatwerespecified.

16.1.10Thematerialtestreportmaybesenttothepurchaserinelectronicformfromanelectronicdatainterchange(EDI)transmission,andthisshallberegardedashavingthesamevalidityasacounterpartprintedinthecertifier’sfacility.ThecontentoftheEDItransmitteddocumentshallmeettherequirementsoftheinvokedASTMstandard(s)andconformtoanyexistingEDIagreementbetweenthepurchaserandthesupplier.Notwithstandingtheabsenceofasignature,the

organizationsubmittingtheEDItransmissionisresponsibleforthecontentofthereport.

17.PackagingandPackageMarking

17.1Eachforgingshallbelegiblyidentifiedasrequiredbytheproductspecificationandinstructionsfromthepurchaser.Whennototherwisedefined,eachforgingshallbeidentifiedbythemanufacturerasfollows:

17.1.1Manufacturer’snameorsymbol.

17.1.2Manufacturer’sidentificationorheatnumber.17.1.3Productspecificationnumber.

17.1.4Theclass,grade,andtypeidentificationasappropri-ate.

17.1.5Purchaser’sidentification(4.2.3).17.1.6Locationofstamping(4.2.3).

17.1.7Incompleteforging(1.4).ThemarkingshallincludethesuffixYimmediatelyfollowingtheASTMnumber,andprecedinganyothersuffix.Thissuffixshallnotberemoveduntilthematerialspecificationrequirementshavebeencom-pletedandthematerialtestreportsupplemented.

17.2Markingshallbedonebyimpressionstampingorotheracceptablemeansspecifiedintheproductspecificationororder.Barcodingisanacceptablesupplementalidentificationmethod.Thepurchasermayspecifyintheorderaspecificbarcodingsystemtobeused.Thebarcodingsystem,ifappliedatthediscretionofthesupplier,shouldbeconsistentwithoneofpublishedindustrystandardsforbarcoding.

17.3Thespecificationyeardate,andrevisionletterarenotrequiredtobemarkedontheforgings.

18.Keywords

18.1generaldeliveryrequirements;steelforgings—alloy;steelforgings—carbon

SUPPLEMENTARYREQUIREMENTS

(GENERAL)

Thefollowingsupplementarygeneralrequirementsarecommontotheforgingspecificationslistedinthisspecification.Thosewhichareconsideredtobesuitableforuseinindividualspecificationsarelistedbynumberandtitleinthatspecification.Theseandotherlimitationsortestsmaybeperformedbyagreementbetweenthesupplierandpurchaser.Theadditionalrequirementsshallbespecifiedintheorder,andshallbecompletedbythesupplierbeforetheshipmentoftheforgings.

S1.ResidualElements

S1.1Smallquantitiesofcertainunspecifiedelementsmaybepresentincarbonandlowalloysteelforgings.Theseelementsareconsideredasincidentalandmaybepresenttothefollowingmaximumamounts:

CopperNickelChromiumMolybdenumVanadiumA0.350.300.250.100.03

%%%%%

AUnlessSupplementaryRequirementS2isrequired.

S2.UnspecifiedElements

S2.1Vanadiumusedforgrainrefinementordeoxidationshallnotexceed0.08%.

S3.SequentialorContinuousStrandCasting

S3.1Whenmultipleheatsofthesamechemicalcomposi-tionrangearesequentiallystrandcast,theheatsshallbe

separatedbyanestablishedproceduresuchthatintermixmaterialwillnotbesupplied.

S4.IntercriticalHeatTreatment

S4.1Theaustenitizingstageintheheattreatmentofferriticforgingsisintendedtobedoneatsuitabletemperaturesabovetheuppercriticaltemperature(Ac3)fortheheatofsteelinvolved,thatis,fullaustenitization.However,whenmultipleaustenitizingstagesareusedthetemperatureforthelastmaybesetbetweentheupper(Ac3)andlower(Ac1)criticaltemperatureforpartialaustenitizing.Suchcyclesshallbefollowedbytemperingwithinthetemperaturelimitsrequiredbythematerialspecification.

S5.StraighteningofForgings

S5.1UnlessotherwisespecifiedbySupplementaryRequire-mentS6,straighteningofforgingsafterheattreatmentforpropertiesshallbeperformedatatemperaturewhichisnotmorethan100°F(55°C)belowthefinaltemperingtempera-ture.Followingstraightening,forgingsshallbestressrelievedatatemperatureof50to100°F(30to55°C)belowthefinaltemperingtemperatureandshallbereportedonthematerialtestreport.Anystraighteningperformedbeforeheattreatmentforpropertiesdoesnotrequireanintermediatestress-reliefheattreatment.

S6.Post-HeatTreatmentStraighteningofForgings

S6.1Straighteningafterheattreatmentforspecifiedproper-tiesisnotpermittedwithoutpriorapprovalbythepurchaser.S7.FractureToughnessTest

S7.1ThePurchasershallspecifyoneormoreofthefollowingtestmethodsforfracturetoughnessdetermination.Requiredinformationincludingtesttemperature,conditioning,environment,andacceptancecriteriashallbeprovidedasnecessary.

S7.2DeterminationoftheplanestrainfracturetoughnessinaccordancewithTestMethodE399.

S7.3FracturetoughnessdeterminationinaccordancewithTestMethodE1820.

S7.4Crack-tipopeningdisplacementdeterminationinac-cordancewithTestMethodE1290.

S8.VacuumDegassing

S8.1Thevacuumdegassingrequirementsof5.2shallapply.S9.VacuumCarbonDeoxidation

S9.1Themoltensteelshallbevacuumcarbondeoxidized(VCD)duringprocessing,inwhichcasethesiliconcontentshallbe0.10%maximum.

S10.RestrictedPhosphorusandSulfur,LevelsAorBS10.1ForlevelA,thephosphorusandsulfurlevelsshallbelimitedasfollows:

LevelA

PS

Heat

0.015%maximum0.018%maximum

Product

0.018%maximum0.021%maximum

S10.2ForlevelBthephosphorusandsulfurlevelsshallbelimitedtothefollowing:

LevelB

PS

Heat

0.012%maximum0.015%maximum

Product

0.015%maximum0.018%maximum

S11.RestrictedCopper,LevelsAorB

S11.1ForlevelA,theheatandproductanalyseslimitsforcoppershallbe0.15%maximum.

S11.2ForlevelB,theheatandproductanalyseslimitsforcoppershallbe0.10%maximum.

S12.TensionSpecimensforHubbedFlangesandTube

Sheets

S12.1ForhubbedtubesheetsandflangestobeusedinASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeconstruction,anaxialtensionspecimenshallbetakenascloseaspossibletothehubandeitherinboardoroutboardofit,usingasubsizespecimenifnecessary.Thelongitudinalaxisofthespecimenshallbeparalleltothelengthofthehub,asshowninFig.S1.

S12.2Byagreementwiththepurchaser,thistestorientationmayreplaceaspecifiedtensiontestspecimen,providedthatotherlocationcriteriaaremet.

NOTE—Tensiontestspecimensalsomaybelocatedinboardofthehub.

FIG.S1TensionTestSpecimens

S13.CharpyImpactTests

S13.1Charpyimpacttestsshallbemade.Thenumber,orientationandlocationofthetestsshallbespecifiedalongwiththetesttemperatureandtheapplicableacceptancecriteriaforabsorbedenergy,fractureappearance,lateralexpansion,orboth.

S13.2ThespecimensshallbemachinedandtestedinaccordancewithTestMethodsandDefinitionsA370.S14.CharpyVNotchImpactTransitionCurve

S14.1Sufficientimpacttestsshallbemadefromtheforgingmaterialtoestablishatransitiontemperaturecurvebasedupononeorseveralofthefollowingcriteria:

S14.1.1Absorbedenergy(ft·lbf(J))(SeeTestMethodsE23),

S14.1.2Fractureappearance(seeSupplement5ofTestMethodsandDefinitionsA370),orS14.1.3Lateralexpansion.

S14.1.4Thetesttemperaturerangeshallbewideenoughtoestablishtheupperandlowershelfenergies,withsufficienttestingatintermediatetemperaturestopermitasmoothcurvetobeplotted.Aminimumtesttemperaturemaybesetbyagreementinsteadofestablishingthelowershelftemperature.Theuppershelfenergylevelisdefinedashavingatleast95%fibrousfractureandthelowershelflevelisdefinedasshowing5%orlessfibrousfracture.

S14.2Thepurchasershallfurnishthemanufacturerwithdetailsofsamplelocation,numberofspecimens,heattreat-ments,andinformationtobederivedfromthetest.

S15.GrainSize

S15.1Whenagrainsizerangeisrequired,itshallbespecifiedintheorderinginformationasheattreatedorauste-nitic,andshallbedeterminedbyanagreed-uponmethodfromTestMethodsE112.

S15.2Samplesforgrainsizeestimationfromheattreatedproductsshallbetakenfromthetensiontestspecimenlocation.S16.RoughMachiningandBoring

S16.1Thepositionoftheroughmachiningandboringinthemanufacturingsequenceshallbespecifiedbythepurchaser,particularlywithregardtoheattreatmentformechanicalproperties.

S17.SimulatedPost-WeldHeatTreatmentofMechanical

TestSamples

S17.1Alltestcouponsshallbesubjectedtosingleormultipleheattreatmentsatsubcriticaltemperaturespriortotesting.Suchtreatmentsareintendedtosimulatepost-weldorothertreatmentstowhichtheforgingswillbesubjectedduringsubsequentfabrication.Thepurchasershallfurnishthemanu-facturerwithdetailsofthedesiredheattreatmentforthetestcoupons,includingtemperatures,timesandcoolingrates.S18.MagneticParticleExamination

S18.1AllaccessiblesurfacesofthefinishedforgingshallbesubjecttomagneticparticleexaminationinaccordancewithTestMethodA275/A275M.

S18.2Unlessotherwiseagreeduponbetweenthemanufac-turerandthepurchaserthewetcontinuousmethodshallbeused.

S18.2.1Thefollowingconditionsaresubjecttorejectionorremoval:

S18.2.1.1Indicationswithmajordimensionexceeding3⁄16in.(4.8mm).

S18.2.1.2Fourormoreindicationsexceeding1⁄16in.(1.6mm)inmajordimensionsthatarealignedandseparatedby1⁄16in.orlessendtoend.

S18.2.1.3Tenormoreindicationsexceeding1⁄16in.(1.6mm)inmajordimensionscontainedinany6in.2(39cm2)ofsurface,withthemajordimensionofthisareanottoexceed6in.(150mm).Theareashallbetakeninthemostunfavorablelocationrelativetotheindicationsbeingevaluated.S19.LiquidPenetrantExamination

S19.1AllaccessiblesurfacesofthefinishedforgingshallbesubjecttoliquidpenetrantexaminationinaccordancewithPracticeE165.Thepenetrantsystemtobeusedshallbeagreeduponbetweenthemanufacturerandpurchaser.

S19.2Thefollowingconditionsaresubjecttorejectionorremoval.

S19.2.1Indicationswithmajordimensionsexceeding3⁄16in.(4.8mm).

S19.2.2Fourormoreindicationsexceeding1⁄16in.(1.6mm)inmajordimensionsthatarealignedandseparatedby1⁄16in.(1.6mm)orlessendtoend.

S19.2.3Tenormoreindicationsexceeding1⁄16in.(1.6mm)inmajordimensionscontainedinany6in.(39cm2)ofsurface,withthemajordimensioninthisareanottoexceed6in.(150mm).Theareashallbetakeninthemostunfavorablelocationrelativetotheindicationsbeingevaluated.S20.UltrasonicExamination

S20.1UltrasonicexaminationofforgingsshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithPracticeA388/A388M.

S20.2Unlessotherwiseagreeduponbetweenthemanufac-turerandthepurchaser,acceptancelevelsBRorDAshallbespecifiedforthelongitudinalwaveexaminationandlevelSforshearwaveexamination.

LevelBR—LongitudinalWave

S20.2.1ThebackreflectionmethodoftuningshallbeusedinaccordancewithPracticeA388/A388M.

S20.2.2InadditiontothereportableconditionsoftheRecordingSectionofPracticeA388/A388M,indicationsexceedingtheresultantbackreflectionshallberecorded.S20.2.3Thefollowingconditionsaresubjecttorejection,orrepairifapplicable.

S20.2.3.1Completelossofbackreflectionaccompaniedbyanindicationofadiscontinuity.Forthispurpose,abackreflectionlessthan5%offullscreenheightshallbeconsid-eredcompletelossofbackreflection.

S20.2.3.2Anindicationequalinamplitudetothatofthebackreflectionestablishedinanindication-freeportionoftheforging.

LevelDA—LongitudinalWave

S20.2.4Referenceblocksofacousticallysimilarmetalshallbeusedforcalibration.Blocksshallmeetoneofthefollowingrequirements:

S20.2.4.1Acomparisonofthebackreflectionsbetweenequivalentthicknessesofthereferenceblockmaterialandtheactualforgingtobetested,withoutchangeininstrumentsettingshallnotshowavariationinexcessof25%.

S20.2.4.2Thereferenceblocksshallbemanufacturedfromsteelthatissimilarinchemistryandprocessinghistorytotheproductionforgingbeingtested.ThereferenceblocksshallbefabricatedinaccordancewiththeproceduresofPracticeE428.S20.2.4.3Fortestsectionsuptoandincluding12in.(300nm)thick,thereferenceblocksshallcontaina1⁄4in.(6.5mm)diameterflat-bottomhole;forover12in.(300mm)uptoandincluding18in.(300to455mm),theholediametershallbe3⁄8in.(9.5mm);andforover18in.(455mm),itshallbe1⁄2in.(13mm).

S20.2.4.4Adistance-amplitudecorrectioncurveshallbeestablishedforthepropergradeofsteelandspecifiedholesize.S20.2.4.5Aforgingcontainingoneormoreindicationsequalinamplitudetothatoftheapplicablereferencehole,whenproperlycorrectedfordistance,issubjecttorejection,orrepairifapplicable.

LevelS–ShearWave

S20.2.5Calibrationnotches,calibrationreference,andmethodofscanningshallbeinaccordancewithPracticeA388/A388M.Unlessotherwiseagreedupon,a60°V-notchshallbeused.

S20.2.6Aforgingcontainingadiscontinuitywhichresultsinanindicationexceedingtheamplitudeofthereferencelineissubjecttorejection.

S20.2.7ThereportoftheultrasonicexaminationshallbeincompliancewithPracticeA388/A388M.

S20.2.8Additionalnondestructiveexaminationortrepan-ningmaybeemployedtoresolvequestionsofinterpretationofultrasonicindications.Themanufacturershallacceptrespon-sibilityforinjuriousconditionswhichwillnotberemovedinfinalmachining.

S21.AdditionalTestCouponHeatTreatment

S21.1Whensubcriticalheattreatment,appliedtoacom-pletedforgingduringsubsequentfabrication,mayaffectthemechanicalpropertiesoftheforging,thencouponsforthemechanicaltestingrequiredbytheproductspecificationshallbegivenalaboratoryheattreatmentwhichsimulatestheanticipatedsubcriticalheattreatment.

S21.2Thepurchasershallspecifytherequiredheattreat-menttemperaturerange,minimumtimeattemperature,andtheratesofheatingandcooling.

S21.3Therequirednumberoftestcouponsshallbetakenfromtheforginglocationdescribedintheproductspecifica-tion.

S21.4Thetestspecimensshallmeettheminimummechani-caltestrequirementsoftheproductspecification,aswellasthoseofanyadditionaltestsagreeduponbetweenproducerandpurchaser,aftercompletionofthetestcouponheattreatment.

S21.5Theforgingssuppliedinaccordancewiththissupple-mentaryrequirementshallbemarkedinaccordancewith17.1.7.

S21.6Thematerialtestreportsshallincludetheheattreat-mentoftheasdeliveredmaterialandtheresultsofthemechanicaltestsfromthetestcouponssubjectedtothepurchaserspecifiedheattreatmentswhichrepresentfabrica-tion.

S22.UltrasonicExaminationfromBoreSurface

S22.1BoredcylindricalforgingsshallbeexaminedfromtheboredsurfaceinaccordancewithTestMethodA939.Theacceptancecriteriashallbeagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheproducer.

S23.MagneticParticleExaminationUsingACCurrentS23.1Thedesignatedsurfacesofferromagneticsteelforg-ingsshallbeexaminedatthestageinmachiningspecifiedbythepurchaserinaccordancewithTestMethodA966/A966M.Theacceptancecriteriafortheexaminationshallbespecifiedbythepurchaser.

S24.JfactorS24.1TheJshallfactor,calculatedbymeansofthefollowingequation,beestablishedoreachheatofsteelusedinforgingmanufacture:

Jfactor5~Mn1Si!~P1Sn!3104

Hasbeenfoundtobeeffectiveinreducingtemperembrittle-menteffects.

S24.2ThepurchasershallspecifytherequiredmaximumvalueofJfactorinboththeinquiryandorderingdocuments.S24.3Thedeterminationofthetincontentofthesteelisnecessaryfortheapplicationofthissupplementaryrequire-mentevenifthereisnochemicalanalysisrequirementfortinintheproductspecification.

Note—InDr.PaulBates’paper4,itwasnotedthattheFractureAppearanceTransitionTemperature(FATT)fellsteadilyfromJfactor120to60,butbelow20,thedropinFATTwasmuchlessapparent.

S25.PositiveMaterialIdentification

S25.1Forgingsshallreceivepositivematerialidentificationtoensurethatforgingsareoftheorderedmaterialgradepriortoshipment.

S25.2Forgingsshallreceiveapositivematerialidentifica-tioninaccordancewithGuideE1916.

S25.3Theentireorderedquantityofforgingsshallbeexamined.

S25.4Forgingsnotconformingtotheorderedgradeshallberejected.

S25.5Followingthismaterialidentificationexamination,acceptableforgingsshallbemarkedasagreedbetweenthepurchaserandproducer.

4BatesP.,“theProductionofSafetyCriticalForgingsforPressureVesselApplications”InternationalForgemastersConference,Wiesbaden,Germany,Sep-tember2000.

ANNEXES

(MandatoryInformation)A1.RECIRCULATIONFACTOR

A1.1Therecirculationfactorforthevacuumliftprocessisobtainedasfollows:

Tons~kg!ofSteelLiftedperCycle3NumberofCycles

HeatWeightinTons[kg]A2.EXPLANATORYNOTEFORWEIGHTEDAVERAGEANALYSIS

A2.1Aweightedaverageanalysisismandatorywheneveraningotispouredfromthecombinationoftwoormoreheatswhereintheresultantchemistryoftheingotassumesanidentityattributabletoeachheatinvolvedinthecombination.Itisnecessarytomakethisdeterminationtoensurethateach

Furnace

HeatAWeight,

tons

255050125BABelementintheofficialchemistryisrepresentedbyproportiontoitsamountineachindividualfurnaceheat.Anexampleofthedeterminationofaweightedaverageanalysisforaningotmadefromathree-heatcombinationpourwithvaryingweightsandchemistryinvolvedineachheatisshownbelow:

IndividualHeatChemistry,%

C0.200.250.25

Mn0.500.500.50

P0.0100.0130.015

S0.0200.0150.018

Si0.340.380.38

Ni0.920.980.94

Cr0.320.320.34

Mo0.120.120.13

V0.030.020.02

ABC

Thisisindividualheatcontributiontothetotalingotweight.Totalingotweight.

Addtogetweightedavgof0.24%

°Weightedavgofmanganese:

FurnaceA—0.50%320%=0.10%FurnaceB—0.50%340%=0.20%FurnaceC—0.50%340%=0.20%Addtogetweightedavgof0.50%

°Weightedavgofphosphorus:

FurnaceA—0.010%320%=0.002%FurnaceB—0.013%340%=0.0052%FurnaceC—0.015%340%=0.006%

Addtogetweightedavgof0.013%A(RoundtosignificantfiguresinaccordancewithPracticeE380.)°Thesameprocedureisusedforalloftheotherelements.

AStep#1—Determinefurnacefactor(FF)foreachheatbasedonweight.

FurnaceA=25/125=20%FurnaceB=50/125=40%FurnaceC=50/125=40%

~IndividualFnceHt.Wt!

FF5~CombinedHeatWeight!3100%

Step#2—Calculatetheweightedaverageforeachelement.Examplesforseveralelementsshownbelow:

Weightedavg5sumof~%elementineachfurnaceheat3FF!

°WeightedavgofCarbon(weightedavg):

FurnaceA—0.20%320%=0.04%FurnaceB—0.25%340%=0.10%FurnaceC—0.25%340%=0.10%

SUMMARYOFCHANGES

CommitteeA01hasidentifiedthelocationofselectedchangestothisstandardsincethelastissue(A788–03a)thatmayimpacttheuseofthisstandard(approvedJune10,2003).

(1)ReferencedDocumentsrevised.

(2)Theorderofthemeltingprocesseswaschangedin5.1.

(3)Newparagraph5.1.1wasadded.

(4)SupplementaryRequirementS7wasexpandedandrevised.

CommitteeA01hasidentifiedthelocationofselectedchangestothisstandardsincethelastissue(A788–03)thatmay

impacttheuseofthisstandard(approvedApril10,2003).(1)“materialspecification”waschangedto“productspecifi-cation”throughoutthedocument.

CommitteeA01hasidentifiedthelocationofselectedchangestothisstandardsincethelastissue(A788–02)thatmay

impacttheuseofthisstandard(approvedApril10,2002).(1)SpecificationA1021andGuideE1916wereaddedto(2)SupplementaryrequirementS25wasadded.

Section2.

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