2021高考英语二轮专题复习阅读理解环境保护类提分训练(2021年真题集锦,含解析)新人教版

(2020·大纲版全国卷·E) The oldest and most common source(来源)of renewable energy known to man,biomass is one of the most important forms of energy production in the United States and such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywhere—from trees and grasses to agricultural and city-life wastes—biomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world.

According to the Union of Concerned Scientists(UCS),biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide(二氧化碳),because the energy it contains comes from the plant matter is burned,it gives off the sun’s this way,biomass serves as a sort of natural battery(电池)for storing the sun’s long as biomass is produced continuously—with only as much grown as is used—the“battery”lasts forever.

According to the Energy Information Administration, biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the United States for several years running through 2007, making up between and percent of the nation’s total electricity 2008—although the numbers aren’t all in yet—wind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country. Producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass practice may save homeowners’money, but it also produces a lot of pollution. So, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.

【文章大意】本文要紧介绍了biomass(生物能)将为世界上成千上万的人们提供能源和热量。

is biomass considered as“a sort of natural battery”? burns merely plant matter. keeps producing electricity. stores the energy from the sun. produces zero carbon dioxide.

【解析】选C。细节明白得题。依照第二段的biomass serves as a sort of natural battery for storing the sun’s energy可知,biomass起到一种天然电池的作用,是因为它储备了太阳的能量。故选C。

learn from the text that in 2008 . power would be the leader of renewable energy was a rapid growth of electricity production might become the main energy source ~% of power supply came from biomass

【解析】选A。细节明白得题。依照第三段的最后一句可知,在2008年,风能有可能在可再生能源的使用中位居榜首。故选A。

74. Why does the author encourage power plants to use biomass? A. To prevent the waste of energy.

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B. To increase production safety. C. To reduce pollution. D. To save money.

【解析】选C。细节明白得题。依照最后一段可知使用生物能每年能够减少11 000 000吨的二氧化碳,假如家庭使用,尽管会节约钱,但会造成污染,因此作者鼓舞发电厂使用生物能。由此可知选C。

75. Where does the text probably come from? A. A research plan. B. A science magazine. C. A book review. D. A business report.

【解析】选B。推理判定题。这篇文章向读者介绍了生物能这种能源,因此本文专门可能选自科学杂志。故选B。 (2020·安徽卷·B)

Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger,but we also affect our water supply in less obvious may wonder how paving(铺砌)a road can lead to less useable fresh major part of the water we use every day is does not come from lakes or comes from more roads and parking lots we pave,the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(洪涝)than areas with more rainfall,but in any case,good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.

Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, the United States,a family of four can use tons of water a day!This shows how much we depend on water to live,but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.

You can take steps to save water in your start with,use the same glass for your drinking water all it only once a your dishwasher(洗碗机)only when it is your parents fix any leaks in your can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.

【文章大意】本文要紧讲人类的各种活动阻碍了水资源的供应,为此还专门给出了在家里节约水资源的方法。

of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater? river water. batteries away. parking lots.

rubbish into lakes.

【解析】选C。细节明白得题。依照第一段最后一句The more roads and parking lots we pave,the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.可知我们铺的路和停车场越多,就有越少的水流进地下变成地下水,因此选C。 can be inferred from the text?

water shortages are due to human behavior. takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs. is much we can do to reduce family size.

average family in America makes proper use of water.

【解析】选B。推理判定题。依照最后一段能够推断出要想满足我们对水的需要就要付出专

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门多的努力,故B项是正确的。依照第二段第一句Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages.可知A项表述是不正确的;C项在文中未提到;依照第三段可知D项表述也是错误。

last paragraph is intended to . us how to fix leaks at home us how to run a dishwasher

what drinking glass is best for us what we do to save water at home

【解析】选D。推理判定题。最后一段的第一句是中心句,其目的是告诉我们在家里如何节约用水。

text is mainly about . paving roads reduces our water much we depend on water to live droughts occur more in dry climates human activity affects our water supply

【解析】选D。主旨大意题。第一段讲人们铺路和建停车场造成了地下水短缺;第二段讲人类的活动不是要为所有的水资源短缺负责,但好的治理能够确保满足我们对水的差不多需要;第三段讲我们用水的方式也会对水资源有阻碍;第四段讲在家里节约水资源的方法。纵观整篇文章可知人类活动阻碍水资源供应,故选D。 (2020·辽宁卷·B)

Going green seems to be a fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.

On April 22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.

With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.

Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic(有机的)stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.

Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.

【文章大意】本文介绍了作者在一年中崇尚环保,过绿色环保生活的经历。 might be the best title for the passage? Green

the Planet

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Open-Minded Our Green Year

【解析】选A。主旨大意题。从文章的第一段能够看出本文要紧介绍了绿色生活的经历。 was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because . were expected to follow the green fad didn’t know how to educate other people were unwilling to reduce their energy needed to perform unusual green tasks 【解析】选D。细节明白得题。从文章的第二段能够看出过环保生活关于作者夫妇是个挑战,他们要做的情况也专门多。

did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year? tried to get out of their ungreen habits. ignored others’ ungreen behavior. chose better chemical cleaners. sold their home-made food.

【解析】选A。细节明白得题。从文章的倒数第二段中...we completely changed our lifestyles.以及其后的介绍可知他们改变了往常的不环保的生活适应。 can we infer from the last paragraph?

government will give support to the green project. couple may continue their project in the future. people disagree with the couple’s green ideas. Green Year is becoming a national campaign.

【解析】选B。推理判定题。从文章最后一段中We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.能够看出作者一家从这次活动中受益良多,有可能会连续下去。 (2020·天津卷·B) Last night’s meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valley’s mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead. “My family was so frustrated, ”admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”

Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.

There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的) to the International Dark-Sky Association.“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”

Countless more animal casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial , people

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enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans, worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer.

Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.

【文章大意】本文通过人们埋怨因人类灯光而看不清晰流星这件事,引出光污染那个话题,后面从多个方面论述了光污染的危害,并呼吁人们注意那个问题。 happened last night that .

city’s lights affected the meteor watching meteors flew past before being noticed city light show attracted many people meteor watching ended up a social outing

【解析】选A。细节明白得题。依照第一段最后一句可知,因为都市的灯光太亮,使得流星划过天空时人们看得不是专门清晰。

42. What do the astronomers complain about? showers occur less often than before. observation equipment is in poor repair. pollution has remained unsolved for years.

eyesight is falling due to artificial lighting.

【解析】选C。推理判定题。依照第三段第一句可知,天文学家埋怨那个问题专门多年了,能够推知那个问题存在多年未曾解决,故选C。其余选项说法与文章明显不符。 43. What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4? may take other migration paths. ’living habits may change suddenly. of animals will become sharply reduced.

’survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.

【解析】选D。推理判定题。本段提到一些光污染阻碍了鸟、蝙蝠、青蛙和蛇等动物,并以迁徙的鸟类为例作出了说明,因此应该选D。

regulations in Flagstaff,Arizona are put into effect to . the chance of getting cancer an ideal observation condition citizens a good sleep at night all creatures to live in harmony

【解析】选B。推理判定题。最后一段第二句提到灯光治理规定的实施旨在关心天文学家,与B项相符,故选B。

45. What message does the author most want to give us? wildlife is saving ourselves.

efforts should be made to save energy.

activities should be environmentally friendly. equipment should be introduced for space study.

【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章要紧讲的是光污染的危害以及提醒人们注意那个问题,因

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此这是与C项提到的人类活动应该更环保是一致的,故选C。 (2020·江西卷·D)

One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the ,a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday month sees the building of a new hotel every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the“last paradise(天堂)on earth”.

However,the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays,over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.

Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer recent years,Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and forests,full of wildlife and rare flowers,were offered to tourists as one more untouched fact,the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest tracks became major routes for the walkers,with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.

Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of people as well rapidly feel its makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization;he is no longer his own it was his back that bore the pain;now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village working his own land. Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.

The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these not, in a few years’time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.

【文章大意】本文讲述了旅行业所带来的阻碍。

71. What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1? A. The Pacific island is a paradise. B. The Pacific island is worth visiting. C. The advertisement is not convincing. D. The advertisement is not impressive.

【解析】选C。细节明白得题。第一段中的Every month sees the building of a new hotel every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the“last paradise on earth”说明了“广告的不真实”,故选C。

72. The example of Nepal is used to suggest . A. its natural resources are untouched

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B. its forests are exploited for farmland C. it develops well in health and education D. it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists 【解析】选D。推理判定题。由第三段的“In fact,the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land.”一句,说明“旅行地人满为患”。

73. What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4? A. They are happy to work their own lands.

B. They have to please the tourists for a living. C. They have to struggle for their independence.

D. They are proud of working in multi-national organizations.

【解析】选B。细节明白得题。从第四段整段内容,专门是“now it is his smile that is exploited”,说明农民为了生活必须用微笑取悦旅行者。

74. Which of the following determines the future of tourism? A. The number of tourists.

B. The improvement of services. C. The promotion of new products. D. The management of tourism.

【解析】选D。细节明白得题。最后一段开头的“The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit.”提到了以后十年旅行业的经营方式将决定它的命运。因此选D。 75. The author’s attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is . A. optimistic B. doubtful C. objective D. negative

【解析】选C。观点态度题。整篇文章是说旅行带给了人们积极和消极的东西,因此说是客观的评判。

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