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ethtool 工具有一个-E 指令, 可以通过此指令修改网卡的eeprom. 前提是此网卡驱动编写了ethtool驱动接口,并具有eeprom.

以intel e1000系列网卡为例

首先取得e000设备的VenID:DevID, 这个VenID:DevID就是ethtool -E 指令中magic 的参数.

可以分别通过2种方式取得

1> lspci 查看

~# lspci -nn -v |grep "Ethernet Controller"

02:05.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Intel Corporation 825EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) [8086:100f] (rev 01)

2> Intel 网卡eeprom已经包含了VenID:DevID, 具体可以查看每个网卡的芯片及开发手册

~# ethtool -e eth1 | grep 0x0010 | awk '{print "0x"$13$12$15$14}'

0x100f8086

也可在以下链接查阅到.

获取到VenID:DevID后, 就可以直接修改了.

#!/bin/bash

if [ -z "$1" ]; then

echo "Usage: $0 /<interface/>"

echo " i.e. $0 eth0"

exit 1

if ! ifconfig $1 > /dev/null; then

exit 1

dev=$(ethtool -e $1 | grep 0x0010 | awk '{print "0x"$13$12$15$14}')

ethtool -E $1 magic $dev offset 0xAA value 0xBB

0xAA 就是eeprom位置

0xBB 就是新值

命令：

ethtool -E eth0 magic 0x3A8EBEEF offset 0x10 value 0x1A

The Stargate 2 daughter card has a serial EEPROM (AT93C45A) that can store 128 bytes. The MAC address is stored at word offset 0x20 (byte offset 0x40). Ethtool displays the contents of EEPROM. For example:

[root@SG2-21 /root]#ethtool -e eth0
Offset          Values
------          ------
0x0000          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0010          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0020          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0030          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0040          00 50 c2 2f 30 13 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0050          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0060          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0070          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

Ethtool also modifies the EEPROM

[root@SG2-21 /root]#ethtool -E eth0 magic 0x3A8EBEEF offset 0x10 value 0x1A

[root@SG2-21 /root]#ethtool -e eth0
Offset          Values
------          ------
0x0000          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0010          1a ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0020          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0030          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0040          00 50 c2 2f 30 13 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0050          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0060          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 
0x0070          ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

[ ]

Setting the MAC Address

The MAC address is set with the script /sbin/setMAC. For example,

  [root@SG2-21 /root]#setMAC 00:50:C2:2F:30:13
  setmac to 00:50:C2:2F:30:13

The script is:

  #!/bin/bash

  echo "setmac to $1"
  numbers=(`echo $1 | tr ':' ' '`)
  # echo ${numbers[1]}

  ethtool -E eth0 magic 0x3A8EBEEF offset 0x40 value 0x${numbers[0]}
  ethtool -E eth0 magic 0x3A8EBEEF offset 0x41 value 0x${numbers[1]}
  ethtool -E eth0 magic 0x3A8EBEEF offset 0x42 value 0x${numbers[2]}
  ethtool -E eth0 magic 0x3A8EBEEF offset 0x43 value 0x${numbers[3]}
  ethtool -E eth0 magic 0x3A8EBEEF offset 0x44 value 0x${numbers[4]}
  ethtool -E eth0 magic 0x3A8EBEEF offset 0x45 value 0x${numbers[5]}

The setMAC script is called by px2init during .

若想要永久的更改主机名，则需要编辑/etc/hostname文件或/etc/sysconfig/network文件。

Linux/Unix命令之Ethtool
描述：
Ethtool是用于查询及设置网卡参数的命令。
概要：
ethtool ethX    //查询ethX网口基本设置
ethtool –h       //显示ethtool的命令帮助(help)
ethtool –i ethX //查询ethX网口的相关信息
ethtool –d ethX //查询ethX网口注册性信息
ethtool –r ethX //重置ethX网口到自适应模式
ethtool –S ethX //查询ethX网口收发包统计
ethtool –s ethX [speed 10|100|1000]\       //设置网口速率10/100/1000M
[duplex half|full]\          //设置网口半/全双工
[autoneg on|off]\          //设置网口是否自协商
[port tp|aui|bnc|mii]\       //设置网口类型
[phyad N]\
[xcvr internal|exteral]\
[wol p|u|m|b|a|g|s|d...]\
[sopass xx:yy:zz:aa:bb:cc]\
[msglvl N]
举例：
1）[root@linux /]# ethtool eth1

Settings for eth0:

Supported ports: [ TP ]

Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full

100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full

1000baseT/Full

Supports auto-negotiation: Yes

Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full

100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full

1000baseT/Full

Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes

Speed: 1000Mb/s

Duplex: Full

Port: Twisted Pair

PHYAD: 1

Transceiver: internal

Auto-negotiation: on

Supports Wake-on: g

Wake-on: d

Link detected: yes

2）[root@linux /]# ethtool -i eth1

driver: bnx2

version: 2.0.8-rh

firmware-version: 6.2.12 bc 5.2.3 NCSI 2.0.11

bus-info: 0000:01:00.0

3）[root@linux /]# ethtool -S eth1
NIC statistics:

rx_bytes: 2194818

rx_error_bytes: 0

tx_bytes: 27084170553

tx_error_bytes: 0

rx_ucast_packets: 2933822

rx_mcast_packets: 33

rx_bcast_packets: 956

tx_ucast_packets: 184909

tx_mcast_packets: 6

tx_bcast_packets: 179

tx_mac_errors: 0

tx_carrier_errors: 0

rx_crc_errors: 0

rx_align_errors: 0

tx_single_collisions: 0

tx_multi_collisions: 0

tx_deferred: 0

tx_excess_collisions: 0

tx_late_collisions: 0

tx_total_collisions: 0

rx_fragments: 0

rx_jabbers: 0

rx_undersize_packets: 0

rx_oversize_packets: 0

rx__byte_packets: 959

rx_65_to_127_byte_packets: 2930241

rx_128_to_255_byte_packets: 2634

rx_256_to_511_byte_packets: 752

rx_512_to_1023_byte_packets: 169

rx_1024_to_1522_byte_packets: 56

rx_1523_to_9022_byte_packets: 0

tx__byte_packets: 183

tx_65_to_127_byte_packets: 357

tx_128_to_255_byte_packets: 750

tx_256_to_511_byte_packets: 224

tx_512_to_1023_byte_packets: 991032

tx_1024_to_1522_byte_packets: 174728

tx_1523_to_9022_byte_packets: 0

rx_xon_frames: 0

rx_xoff_frames: 0

tx_xon_frames: 0

tx_xoff_frames: 0

rx_mac_ctrl_frames: 0

rx_filtered_packets: 0

rx_ftq_discards: 0

rx_discards: 0

rx_fw_discards: 0

4）[root@linux /]# ethtool -s eth1 autoneg off speed 100 duplex full
相关：
1）[root@linux /]# which ethtool
/sbin/ethtool
2）[root@linux /]# rpm -qf /sbin/ethtool
ethtool-1.6-5
3）怎样使ethtool设置永久保存在网络设备中？
解决方法一:
ethtool设置可通过/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ethX文件保存,从而在设备下次启动时激活选项。
例如：ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 duplex full autoneg off
此指令将eth0设备设置为全双工自适应，速度为100Mbs。若要eth0启动时设置这些参数, 修改文件/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 ，添加如下一行:
ETHTOOL_OPTS="speed 100 duplex full autoneg off"
解决方法二:
将ethtool设置写入/etc/rc.d/rc.local之中。
二
解决方法:
对Intel千兆网卡禁用自适应时必须指定链路速度和全双工模式。当使用ethtool来禁用使用e1000网卡驱动模块的网卡自适应特性时，必须同时指定链路速度和全双工工作模式。例如： ethtool -s eth0 autoneg off

会边比自适应，但是只是临时禁用，如果在命令中没有指定链路速度和全双工工作模式，驱动会自动重新打开自适应。
为了使用ethtool工具来禁用e1000网卡驱动模块的网卡自适应特性，使用以下步骤
1. 进入终端模式。 2. 以root身份执行 ethtool -s ethx autoneg off speed 1000 duplex full
这里ethX是网卡的名字（例如eth0或者eth1等等）,这个命令将关闭该网卡的自适应特性，并且强制设置网卡速度为1Gb，全双公模式。
另外ethtool比mii-tool要高级,mii-tool只支持 Port: MII的网卡.

OPTIONS

ethtool with a single argument specifying the device name prints current setting of the specified device.

-h

shows a short help message.

-a

queries the specified ethernet device for pause parameter information.

-A

change the pause parameters of the specified ethernet device.

autoneg on| off

Specify if pause autonegotiation is enabled.

rx on| off

Specify if RX pause is enabled.

tx on| off

Specify if TX pause is enabled.

-c

queries the specified ethernet device for coalescing information.

-C

change the coalescing settings of the specified ethernet device.

-g

queries the specified ethernet device for rx/tx ring parameter information.

-G

change the rx/tx ring parameters of the specified ethernet device.

rx N

Change number of ring entries for the Rx ring.

rx-mini N

Change number of ring entries for the Rx Mini ring.

rx-jumbo N

Change number of ring entries for the Rx Jumbo ring.

tx N

Change number of ring entries for the Tx ring.

-i

queries the specified ethernet device for associated driver information.

-d

retrieves and prints a register dump for the specified ethernet device.

-e

retrieves and prints an EEPROM dump for the specified ethernet device.

-k

queries the specified ethernet device for checksumming information.

-K

change the checksumming parameters of the specified ethernet device.

rx on| off

Specify if RX checksumming is enabled.

tx on| off

Specify if TX checksumming is enabled.

sg on| off

Specify if scatter-gather is enabled.

-p

initiates adapter-specific action intended to enable an operator to easily identify the adapter by sight. typically this involves blinking one or more LEDs on the specific ethernet port.

Length of time to perform phys-id, in seconds.

-r

restarts auto-negotiation on the specified ethernet device, if auto-negotiation is enabled.

-S

queries the specified ethernet device for NIC- and driver-specific statistics.

-t

executes adapter selftest on the specified ethernet device. Possible test modes are:

offline| online

defines test type: offline (default) means to perform full set of tests possibly causing normal operation interruption during the tests, online means to perform limited set of tests do not interrupting normal adapter operation.

-s

option allows changing some or all settings of the specified ethernet device. All following options only apply if -s was specified.

speed 10| 100| 1000

Set speed in Mb/s. ethtool with single argument will show you the supported device speeds.

duplex half| full

Set full or half duplex mode.

port tp| aui| bnc| mii

Select device port.

autoneg on| off

Specify if autonegotiation is enabled. In the usual case it is, but might cause some problems with some network devices, so you can turn it off.

phyad N

PHY address.

xcvr internal| external

Select transceiver type. Currently only internal and external can be specified, in the future further types might be added.

wol p| u| m| b| a| g| s| d...

Set Wake-on-LAN options. Not all devices support this. The argument to this option is a string of characters specifying which options to enable.

Wake on phy activity

Wake on unicast messages

Wake on multicast messages

Wake on broadcast messages

Wake on ARP

Wake on MagicPacket(tm)

Enable SecureOn(tm) password for MagicPacket(tm)

Disable (wake on nothing). This option clears all previous options.

sopass xx:yy:zz:aa:bb:cc

Set the SecureOn(tm) password. The argument to this option must be 6 bytes in ethernet MAC hex format ( xx : yy : zz : aa : bb : cc).

msglvl N

Set the driver message level. Meanings differ per driver

改变网络接口的速度和协商方式的工具miitool 和ethtool

通过mii-tool和ethtool工具来调整网卡的速度、双工等，这样能提高网卡的效率；

mii-tool 配置网络设备协商方式的工具

mii-tool 介绍

mii-tool - view, manipulate media-independent interface status （mii-tool 是查看，管理介质的网络接口的状态）

有时网卡需要配置协商方式，比如10/100/1000M的网卡半双工、全双工、自动协商的配置。但大多数的网络设备是不用我们来修改协商，因为大多数网络设置接入的时候，都采用自动协商来解决相互通信的问题。但在有的情况下，需要我们手动来设置网卡的协商方式；

mii-tool 就是能指定网卡的协商方式。

注明：我在使用 mii-tool 工具修改协商模式时，提示是错误的，因为是在虚拟机中做的，不过虚拟机中的网卡我查看是支持全双工模式的，可是提示错误 SIOCGMIIPHY on 'eth0' failed: Operation not supported ，问题出在那里也不清楚，用 google 查了下，发现不少人都是这样的错误，也没说明原因；不过多数人提示可以使用 ethtool 工具去修改，我测试了下，还行！还有一种方法是修改 /etc/modules.conf 配置文件；

＃ ethtool -s eth0 autoneg off
＃ ethtool -s eth0 duplex full

在 /etc/modules.conf 添加内容
alias eth0 bcm5700 line_speed=100 full_duplex=1
options bcm5700 line_speed=100 full_duplex=1
重起！

mii-tool 更改网络接口协商的方法；

[root@localhost]# mii-tool --help
usage: mii-tool [-VvRrwl] [-A media,... | -F media] [interface ...]
       -V, --version display version information
       -v, --verbose more verbose output 注：显示网络接口的信息；
       -R, --reset reset MII to poweron state 注：重设MII到开启状态；
       -r, --restart restart autonegotiation 注：重启自动协商模式；
       -w, --watch monitor for link status changes 注：查看网络接口连接的状态变化；
       -l, --log with -w, write events to syslog 注：写入事件到系统日志；
       -A, --advertise=media,... advertise only specified media 注：指令特定的网络接口；
       -F, --force=media force specified media technology 注：更改网络接口协商方式；
media: 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD,
       (to advertise both HD and FD) 100baseTx, 10baseT

查看网络接口的协商状态

[root@localhost]# mii-tool -v eth0

eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok

product info: vendor 00:00:00, model 0 rev 0

basic mode: autonegotiation enabled

basic status: autonegotiation complete, link ok

capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD

advertising: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD

link partner: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control

注：上面的例子，我们可以看得到是自动协商。注意红字的部份；

更改网络接口协商方式；

更改网络接口的协商方式，我们要用到－F选项，后面可以接 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD等参数；

把网络接口eth0改为 1000Mb/s全双工的模式

[root@localhost]# mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD

[root@localhost]#mii-tool -v eth0

eth0: 100 Mbit, full duplex, link ok

product info: vendor 00:00:00, model 0 rev 0

basic mode: 100 Mbit, full duplex

basic status: link ok

capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD

advertising: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD

也可以使用ethtool工具修改：

[root@localhost]# ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 duplex full

ethtool 工具关于网络协商功能介绍

ethtool - Display or change ethernet card settings（ethtool 是用来显示和更改网卡设置的工具）；这个工具比较复杂，功能也特别多；

ethtool 显示网络端口设置功能

[root@localhost]# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
        Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
        Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
        Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
        Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
        Advertised auto-negotiation: No 注：自动协商关闭
        Speed: 100Mb/s 注：速度 100Mb
        Duplex: Full 注：全双工
        Port: MII
        PHYAD: 32
        Transceiver: internal
        Auto-negotiation: off
        Supports Wake-on: pumbg
        Wake-on: d
        Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
        Link detected: yes 注：eth0已经激活；

ethtool 设置网卡的协商模式；

ethtool -s DEVNAME \
                [ speed 10|100|1000 ] \
                [ duplex half|full ] \
                [ port tp|aui|bnc|mii|fibre ] \
                [ autoneg on|off ] \

把网卡eth0 速度改为10Mb/s，采用半双工；

[root@localhost]# ethtool -s eth1 speed 10 duplex half

[root@localhost]# ethtool eth1

Settings for eth1:

Supported ports: [ TP MII ]

Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full

100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full

Supports auto-negotiation: Yes

Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full

100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full

Advertised auto-negotiation: No

Speed: 10Mb/s 注：速度 10M/s

Duplex: Half 注：半双工

Port: MII

PHYAD: 32

Transceiver: internal

Auto-negotiation: off

Supports Wake-on: pumbg

Wake-on: d

Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)

Link detected: no 注：eth1没有激活；

把网卡eth0 速度改为100Mb/s，采用全双工；

[root@localhost]# ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full

[root@localhost]# ethtool eth1

Settings for eth1:

Supported ports: [ TP MII ]

Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full

100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full

Supports auto-negotiation: Yes

Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full

100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full

Advertised auto-negotiation: No

Speed: 100Mb/s 注：速度 100M/s

Duplex: Full 注：全双工

Port: MII

PHYAD: 32

Transceiver: internal

Auto-negotiation: off

Supports Wake-on: pumbg

Wake-on: d

Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)

Link detected: no 注：eth1网卡没有激活；

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